Document (#41012)

Author

Zhang, C.
Bu, Y.
Ding, Y.
Xu, J.

Title

Understanding scientific collaboration : homophily, transitivity, and preferential attachment

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 69(2018) no.1, S.72-86

Year

2018

Abstract

Scientific collaboration is essential in solving problems and breeding innovation. Coauthor network analysis has been utilized to study scholars' collaborations for a long time, but these studies have not simultaneously taken different collaboration features into consideration. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to analyze the differences in possibilities that two authors will cooperate as seen from the effects of homophily, transitivity, and preferential attachment. Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) are applied in this research. We find that different types of publications one author has written play diverse roles in his/her collaborations. An author's tendency to form new collaborations with her/his coauthors' collaborators is strong, where the more coauthors one author had before, the more new collaborators he/she will attract. We demonstrate that considering the authors' attributes and homophily effects as well as the transitivity and preferential attachment effects of the coauthorship network in which they are embedded helps us gain a comprehensive understanding of scientific collaboration.

Content

Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23916/full.

Theme

Informetrie

Similar documents (author)

1. Zhang, G.; Ding, Y.; Milojevic, S.: Citation content analysis (CCA) : a framework for syntactic and semantic analysis of citation content (2013) 3.73

   3.7290978 = sum of:
     3.7290978 = sum of:
       1.3915138 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 975) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.3915138 = score(doc=975,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.57764137 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.408958 = fieldWeight in 975, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=975)
       2.337584 = weight(author_txt:ding in 975) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.337584 = score(doc=975,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8162906 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.1887574 = boost
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.8636665 = fieldWeight in 975, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=975)
   

2. Zhai, Y.; Ding, Y.; Zhang, H.: Innovation adoption : broadcasting versus virality (2021) 3.73

   3.7290978 = sum of:
     3.7290978 = sum of:
       1.3915138 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 162) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.3915138 = score(doc=162,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.57764137 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.408958 = fieldWeight in 162, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=162)
       2.337584 = weight(author_txt:ding in 162) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.337584 = score(doc=162,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8162906 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.1887574 = boost
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.8636665 = fieldWeight in 162, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=162)
   

3. Song, M.; Kim, S.Y.; Zhang, G.; Ding, Y.; Chambers, T.: Productivity and influence in bioinformatics : a bibliometric analysis using PubMed central (2014) 3.11

   3.1075816 = sum of:
     3.1075816 = sum of:
       1.1595948 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 1202) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.1595948 = score(doc=1202,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.57764137 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.007465 = fieldWeight in 1202, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1202)
       1.9479867 = weight(author_txt:ding in 1202) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.9479867 = score(doc=1202,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8162906 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.1887574 = boost
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.3863888 = fieldWeight in 1202, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1202)
   

4. Li, R.; Chambers, T.; Ding, Y.; Zhang, G.; Meng, L.: Patent citation analysis : calculating science linkage based on citing motivation (2014) 3.11

   3.1075816 = sum of:
     3.1075816 = sum of:
       1.1595948 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.1595948 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.57764137 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.007465 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
       1.9479867 = weight(author_txt:ding in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.9479867 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8162906 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.1887574 = boost
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.3863888 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
   

5. Lu, C.; Zhang, Y.; Ahn, Y.-Y.; Ding, Y.; Zhang, C.; Ma, D.: Co-contributorship network and division of labor in individual scientific collaborations (2020) 2.87

   2.8703213 = sum of:
     2.8703213 = sum of:
       1.3119317 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 5963) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.3119317 = score(doc=5963,freq=2.0), product of:
           0.57764137 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           2.2711873 = fieldWeight in 5963, product of:
             1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
               2.0 = termFreq=2.0
             6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=5963)
       1.5583894 = weight(author_txt:ding in 5963) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.5583894 = score(doc=5963,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8162906 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.1887574 = boost
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.08992084 = queryNorm
           1.909111 = fieldWeight in 5963, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             7.636444 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44218)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=5963)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Milojevic, S.: Modes of collaboration in modern science : beyond power laws and preferential attachment (2010) 0.46

   0.46346492 = sum of:
     0.46346492 = product of:
       1.2874025 = sum of:
         0.004835763 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.004835763 = score(doc=3592,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.026122985 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0300428 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.05951898 = weight(abstract_txt:coauthorship in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05951898 = score(doc=3592,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.096555285 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1433291 = boost
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.61642385 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.023953171 = weight(abstract_txt:network in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023953171 = score(doc=3592,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06631184 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.339966 = boost
               4.6236176 = idf(docFreq=1179, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.36122012 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6236176 = idf(docFreq=1179, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.042161554 = weight(abstract_txt:authors in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042161554 = score(doc=3592,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06702751 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3471774 = boost
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.62901866 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.036350008 = weight(abstract_txt:scientific in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036350008 = score(doc=3592,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10024187 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.017755 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.362623 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.2836585 = weight(abstract_txt:collaborators in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2836585 = score(doc=3592,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.21703324 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4241605 = boost
               8.364683 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             1.3069818 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.364683 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.09691073 = weight(abstract_txt:collaboration in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09691073 = score(doc=3592,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21213238 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3893523 = boost
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.4568408 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.35798502 = weight(abstract_txt:attachment in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.35798502 = score(doc=3592,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.36554942 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.853159 = boost
               8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.9793068 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
         0.38202873 = weight(abstract_txt:preferential in 3592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38202873 = score(doc=3592,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.38173926 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9375608 = boost
               9.05783 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             1.0007583 = fieldWeight in 3592, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.05783 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3592)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Xie, Z.; Ouyang, Z.; Li, J.; Dong, E.: Modelling transition phenomena of scientific coauthorship networks (2018) 0.19

   0.19129746 = sum of:
     0.19129746 = product of:
       0.79707277 = sum of:
         0.08417254 = weight(abstract_txt:coauthorship in 4043) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08417254 = score(doc=4043,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.096555285 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1433291 = boost
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.8717549 = fieldWeight in 4043, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4043)
         0.024341987 = weight(abstract_txt:authors in 4043) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024341987 = score(doc=4043,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06702751 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3471774 = boost
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.36316413 = fieldWeight in 4043, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4043)
         0.051406674 = weight(abstract_txt:scientific in 4043) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051406674 = score(doc=4043,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10024187 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.017755 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.5128264 = fieldWeight in 4043, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4043)
         0.15767168 = weight(abstract_txt:collaborations in 4043) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15767168 = score(doc=4043,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2666134 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.290674 = boost
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.5913869 = fieldWeight in 4043, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4043)
         0.1678543 = weight(abstract_txt:collaboration in 4043) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1678543 = score(doc=4043,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.21213238 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3893523 = boost
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.79127145 = fieldWeight in 4043, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4043)
         0.31162557 = weight(abstract_txt:homophily in 4043) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31162557 = score(doc=4043,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.41988936 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.1296315 = boost
               9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.74216115 = fieldWeight in 4043, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4043)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Kim, J.: Scale-free collaboration networks : an author name disambiguation perspective (2019) 0.19

   0.190213 = sum of:
     0.190213 = product of:
       0.67933214 = sum of:
         0.0077372207 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0077372207 = score(doc=5297,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.026122985 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0300428 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.2961844 = fieldWeight in 5297, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5297)
         0.03700431 = weight(abstract_txt:tendency in 5297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03700431 = score(doc=5297,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.081617 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0511714 = boost
               7.2542357 = idf(docFreq=84, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.45338973 = fieldWeight in 5297, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2542357 = idf(docFreq=84, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5297)
         0.02709992 = weight(abstract_txt:network in 5297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02709992 = score(doc=5297,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06631184 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.339966 = boost
               4.6236176 = idf(docFreq=1179, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.4086739 = fieldWeight in 5297, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6236176 = idf(docFreq=1179, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5297)
         0.03381848 = weight(abstract_txt:author in 5297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03381848 = score(doc=5297,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07686261 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4426328 = boost
               4.9778743 = idf(docFreq=827, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.43998608 = fieldWeight in 5297, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.9778743 = idf(docFreq=827, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5297)
         0.15505716 = weight(abstract_txt:collaboration in 5297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15505716 = score(doc=5297,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.21213238 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3893523 = boost
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.7309453 = fieldWeight in 5297, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5297)
         0.20250693 = weight(abstract_txt:attachment in 5297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20250693 = score(doc=5297,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.36554942 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.853159 = boost
               8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.55397964 = fieldWeight in 5297, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5297)
         0.21610808 = weight(abstract_txt:preferential in 5297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21610808 = score(doc=5297,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.38173926 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9375608 = boost
               9.05783 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.56611437 = fieldWeight in 5297, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.05783 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5297)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Bu, Y.; Ding, Y.; Xu, J.; Liang, X.; Gao, G.; Zhao, Y.: Understanding success through the diversity of collaborators and the milestone of career (2018) 0.18

   0.17717403 = sum of:
     0.17717403 = product of:
       0.55366886 = sum of:
         0.005471041 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.005471041 = score(doc=4012,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.026122985 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0300428 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.20943399 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
         0.027539814 = weight(abstract_txt:authors in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027539814 = score(doc=4012,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06702751 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3471774 = boost
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.4108733 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
         0.023913275 = weight(abstract_txt:author in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023913275 = score(doc=4012,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07686261 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4426328 = boost
               4.9778743 = idf(docFreq=827, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.31111714 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9778743 = idf(docFreq=827, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
         0.050368045 = weight(abstract_txt:scientific in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050368045 = score(doc=4012,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.10024187 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.017755 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.5024651 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
         0.050135903 = weight(abstract_txt:effects in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050135903 = score(doc=4012,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14412923 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4194682 = boost
               5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.3478538 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
         0.16046146 = weight(abstract_txt:collaborators in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16046146 = score(doc=4012,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21703324 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4241605 = boost
               8.364683 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.7393405 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.364683 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
         0.12613735 = weight(abstract_txt:collaborations in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12613735 = score(doc=4012,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2666134 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.290674 = boost
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.47310954 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
         0.10964197 = weight(abstract_txt:collaboration in 4012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10964197 = score(doc=4012,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21213238 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3893523 = boost
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.5168564 = fieldWeight in 4012, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.8475623 = idf(docFreq=346, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4012)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

5. Kang, I.-S.; Na, S.-H.; Lee, S.; Jung, H.; Kim, P.; Sung, W.-K.; Lee, J.-H.: On co-authorship for author disambiguation (2009) 0.16

   0.16314249 = sum of:
     0.16314249 = product of:
       0.58265173 = sum of:
         0.004835763 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.004835763 = score(doc=2453,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.026122985 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0300428 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 2453, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2453)
         0.011934868 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 2453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011934868 = score(doc=2453,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04167678 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0622954 = boost
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.28636733 = fieldWeight in 2453, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6655018 = idf(docFreq=3075, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2453)
         0.088003084 = weight(abstract_txt:coauthor in 2453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.088003084 = score(doc=2453,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12531537 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.302523 = boost
               8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.7022529 = fieldWeight in 2453, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2453)
         0.03442477 = weight(abstract_txt:authors in 2453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03442477 = score(doc=2453,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06702751 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3471774 = boost
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.51359165 = fieldWeight in 2453, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.648501 = idf(docFreq=1150, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2453)
         0.06683964 = weight(abstract_txt:author in 2453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06683964 = score(doc=2453,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.07686261 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4426328 = boost
               4.9778743 = idf(docFreq=827, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.86959887 = fieldWeight in 2453, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.9778743 = idf(docFreq=827, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2453)
         0.06266987 = weight(abstract_txt:effects in 2453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06266987 = score(doc=2453,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14412923 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4194682 = boost
               5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             0.43481725 = fieldWeight in 2453, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.565661 = idf(docFreq=459, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2453)
         0.3139437 = weight(abstract_txt:coauthors in 2453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3139437 = score(doc=2453,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.23221856 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5075333 = boost
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.010703243 = queryNorm
             1.351932 = fieldWeight in 2453, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2453)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)