Document (#41262)

Author: Gopnik, A.
Title: Lernen wie die Kinder
Source: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2018, H.4, S.74-79
Year: 2018
Series: Computer
Abstract: Neue Entwicklungen in der künstlichen Intelligenz folgen beim Wissenserwerb einem natürlichen Vorbild - und zwar dem der Ein- bis Fünfjährigen. Wie schaffen es kleine Kinder, in so kurzer Zeit so viel zu lernen? Seit Platons Zeiten zerbrechen sich Philosophen den Kopf daruber und finden keine befriedigende Antwort. Mein funfjahriger Enkel Augie weis jede Menge uber Pflanzen, Tiere und Uhren, von Dinosauriern und Raumschiffen ganz zu schweigen. Auserdem ist ihm klar, was andere Menschen von ihm erwarten, wie sie denken und fuhlen. Er nutzt dieses Wissen zur Einordnung dessen, was er mit seinen Sinnen aufnimmt, und zieht daraus neue Schlusse. So erklarte er mir vor Kurzem, die im American Museum of Natural History in New York ausgestellte neu entdeckte Art von Titanosauriern zahle ebenfalls zu den Pflanzenfressern - sei also eher als harmlos anzusehen. Dabei ist die Information, die Augie von seiner Umwelt aufnimmt, sehr abstrakt und transportiert von sich aus keine Bedeutung: Es sind nichts weiter als Photonen, die auf die Netzhaut seiner Augen treffen, und Schwingungen der Luft, die seine Trommelfelle in Bewegung versetzen. Gleichwohl schafft es der neuronale Computer, der sich hinter Augies blauen Augen verbirgt, von diesen begrenzten Sinneswahrnehmungen ausgehend Aussagen uber Pflanzen fressende Titanosaurier zu treffen. Da stellt sich die Frage: Konnen elektronische Rechner das auch?
Field: Kognitionswissenschaft

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