Document (#21051)

Author

Radford, M.L.

Title

Approach or avoidance? : The role of nonverbal communication in the academic library user's decision to initiate a reference encounter

Source

Library trends. 46(1998) no.4, S.699-717

Year

1998

Abstract

Reports results of a naturalistic study to examine the role of non verbal communication in academic libraries. Library users with information needs face the choice of trying to find the solution themselves or asking a librarian for assistance. This decision to approach or not approach a librarian and engage in interaction was studied through use of Mehrabian's immediacy metaphor. It was hypothesized that the non verbal behaviour of the librarian is related to the user's decision to approach. Data were collected through observation and interviews from 2 academic libraries: 1 college and 1 university. The investigator observed reference interactions for 37 hours, interviewing 155 users who approached 34 librarian volunteers during this observation period. Content analysis of data resulted in the identification of 5 categories indicated by users to have been critical in their choice to approach one librarian over another: initiation; availability; familiarity; proximity; and gender. Non verbal behaviours important in users' perceptions of approachability were identified. Eye contact was the most frequently mentioned behaviour that signalled to the user that the librarian was approachable

Theme

Informationsdienstleistungen

Similar documents (author)

1. Radford, G.P.; Radford, M.L.: Structuralism, post-structuralism, and the library : de Saussure and Foucault (2005) 6.36

   6.3560677 = sum of:
     6.3560677 = weight(author_txt:radford in 4411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.3560677 = fieldWeight in 4411, product of:
         1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
           2.0 = termFreq=2.0
         8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=4411)
   

2. Radford, W.: Cataloges, codes and bibliographical control (1949) 5.62

   5.6180234 = sum of:
     5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:radford in 1837) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 1837, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1837)
   

3. Radford, M.L.: Communication theory applied to the reference encounter : an analysis of critical incidents (1996) 5.62

   5.6180234 = sum of:
     5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:radford in 6421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 6421, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6421)
   

4. Radford, G.P.: Flaubert, Foucault, and the Bibliothèque Fantastique : toward a postmodern epistemology for library science (1998) 5.62

   5.6180234 = sum of:
     5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:radford in 2974) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 2974, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2974)
   

5. Radford, M.L.: Encountering virtual users : a qualitative investigation of interpersonal communication in chat reference (2006) 5.62

   5.6180234 = sum of:
     5.6180234 = weight(author_txt:radford in 5110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.6180234 = fieldWeight in 5110, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5110)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Radford, M.L.: Communication theory applied to the reference encounter : an analysis of critical incidents (1996) 0.15

   0.15450107 = sum of:
     0.15450107 = product of:
       0.7725053 = sum of:
         0.06204536 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 6421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06204536 = score(doc=6421,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08988301 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1074681 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.6902902 = fieldWeight in 6421, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6421)
         0.07485721 = weight(abstract_txt:communication in 6421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07485721 = score(doc=6421,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.101865515 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1789789 = boost
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.73486316 = fieldWeight in 6421, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6421)
         0.23985489 = weight(abstract_txt:approachability in 6421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23985489 = score(doc=6421,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22139634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2290305 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             1.0833733 = fieldWeight in 6421, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6421)
         0.07591095 = weight(abstract_txt:academic in 6421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07591095 = score(doc=6421,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14829099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7421898 = boost
               4.6802773 = idf(docFreq=1114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.5119053 = fieldWeight in 6421, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6802773 = idf(docFreq=1114, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6421)
         0.31983685 = weight(abstract_txt:librarian in 6421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31983685 = score(doc=6421,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.48738724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4667344 = boost
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.6562274 = fieldWeight in 6421, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6421)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

2. Nawe, J.: How significant is nonverbal communication in the reference interview? : An overview (1989) 0.14

   0.13620566 = sum of:
     0.13620566 = product of:
       0.8512854 = sum of:
         0.062675275 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 4054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062675275 = score(doc=4054,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08988301 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1074681 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.6972984 = fieldWeight in 4054, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=4054)
         0.2560831 = weight(abstract_txt:nonverbal in 4054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2560831 = score(doc=4054,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18232967 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.115337 = boost
               8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             1.4045058 = fieldWeight in 4054, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=4054)
         0.07561721 = weight(abstract_txt:communication in 4054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07561721 = score(doc=4054,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101865515 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1789789 = boost
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.74232394 = fieldWeight in 4054, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=4054)
         0.45690984 = weight(abstract_txt:librarian in 4054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.45690984 = score(doc=4054,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.48738724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4667344 = boost
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.93746775 = fieldWeight in 4054, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=4054)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Mills, J.; Lodge, D.: Affect, emotional intelligence and librarian-user interaction (2006) 0.12

   0.12345375 = sum of:
     0.12345375 = product of:
       0.44090626 = sum of:
         0.030476497 = weight(abstract_txt:role in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030476497 = score(doc=625,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08882491 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1009303 = boost
               4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.34310755 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
         0.06613722 = weight(abstract_txt:behaviour in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06613722 = score(doc=625,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1488865 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4253453 = boost
               5.7436438 = idf(docFreq=384, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.4442123 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.7436438 = idf(docFreq=384, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
         0.048705194 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048705194 = score(doc=625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15297422 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4447795 = boost
               5.8219566 = idf(docFreq=355, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.31838825 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8219566 = idf(docFreq=355, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
         0.05303961 = weight(abstract_txt:choice in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05303961 = score(doc=625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16192041 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4864259 = boost
               5.989777 = idf(docFreq=300, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.32756594 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.989777 = idf(docFreq=300, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
         0.05021194 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05021194 = score(doc=625,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.115025125 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7717556 = boost
               3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.4365302 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
         0.032417383 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032417383 = score(doc=625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15827051 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3236058 = boost
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.20482263 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
         0.15991843 = weight(abstract_txt:librarian in 625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15991843 = score(doc=625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.48738724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4667344 = boost
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.3281137 = fieldWeight in 625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=625)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Anderson, S.P.: Communications conflict at the law library reference desk : a survey of general library science and communications literature (1998) 0.12

   0.119760625 = sum of:
     0.119760625 = product of:
       0.7485039 = sum of:
         0.036943097 = weight(abstract_txt:role in 3375) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036943097 = score(doc=3375,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08882491 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1009303 = boost
               4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.41590917 = fieldWeight in 3375, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3375)
         0.053181734 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 3375) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053181734 = score(doc=3375,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08988301 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1074681 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.5916773 = fieldWeight in 3375, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3375)
         0.045370325 = weight(abstract_txt:communication in 3375) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045370325 = score(doc=3375,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101865515 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1789789 = boost
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.44539434 = fieldWeight in 3375, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3375)
         0.6130088 = weight(abstract_txt:librarian in 3375) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6130088 = score(doc=3375,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.48738724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4667344 = boost
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             1.2577449 = fieldWeight in 3375, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3375)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. Park, J.-r.; Li, G.; Burger, A.: Opening and closing rituals of the virtual reference service of the Internet Public Library (2010) 0.12

   0.11892525 = sum of:
     0.11892525 = product of:
       0.4955219 = sum of:
         0.037994865 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037994865 = score(doc=4153,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08988301 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1074681 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.42271468 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
         0.048705194 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048705194 = score(doc=4153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15297422 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4447795 = boost
               5.8219566 = idf(docFreq=355, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.31838825 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8219566 = idf(docFreq=355, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
         0.022455461 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022455461 = score(doc=4153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.115025125 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7717556 = boost
               3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.19522223 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
         0.032417383 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032417383 = score(doc=4153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15827051 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3236058 = boost
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.20482263 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
         0.12779017 = weight(abstract_txt:verbal in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12779017 = score(doc=4153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.33311698 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.611178 = boost
               7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.3836195 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.014756 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
         0.22615881 = weight(abstract_txt:librarian in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22615881 = score(doc=4153,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.48738724 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4667344 = boost
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.01818644 = queryNorm
             0.46402285 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)