Document (#23339)

Author
Kornwachs, K.
Title
Bewusstsein braucht Körper
Source
Wechselwirkung. 21(2000) Nr.103/104, S.45-55
Year
2000
Abstract
Durch die Nachbildungsversuche menschlicher Intelligenz und die Eingriffsmöglichkeiten in die menschliche Erbinformation sind in der Tat neue Qualitäten des Machbaren erreicht worden. Diese Entwicklung ist eine Konsequenz des technischen Handelns des Menschen selbst, wenn man philosophische Deutungen der Technik ernst nimmt, nach denen der Mensch im Laufe seines evolutionären wie kulturellen Werdegangs gar nicht anders konnte, als die Werkzeuge als Organprojektion, als Organersatz, als Verstärkung und Kompensation mannigfacher Mängel, als Optimierung seiner Funktionalitäten durch Exteriorisierung und Imagination zu entwickeln. Freilich - neben der Rehabilitation des Mängelwesens Mensch durch Technik, versinnbildlicht im Mythos des Hephaistos, des hinkenden, protheseherstellenden Schmieds, ist immer auch Spiel mit im Spiel gewesen. Die Motivationen technischen Handelns, das sich in Prothetik und Spiel, in Optimierung und Imagination, aber auch in Selbstübersteigerung ausdrückt, finden sich in vielen Selbstbekenntnissen derer, die Roboter bauen, Implantate entwickeln, das menschliche Erbgut therapieren und künstliche Lebewesen schaffen wollen. Neben dem Spiel ist es die Hoffnung, mit dem Bau menschenähnlicher Artefakte den Menschen zu verstehen: sub species technologiae, versteht sich, denn "bauen heißt verstehen". Viele Ingenieure glauben heute noch daran. Es geht schließlich um das Ziel, eine Maschine zu bauen - ob wir sie Superrechner oder bewusster Roboter nennen ist gleichgültig welche, analog zum Selbstbewusstsein des Menschen - genuine Verstehensprozesse, kognitive Akte, Wissen, Bewusstsein, Selbstbewusstsein haben sollen, und nach den Aussagen einiger ihrer Protagonisten auf dem Gebiet soll dies in wenigen Jahrzehnten möglich sein

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