Document (#24636)

Author

Jaenecke, P.

Title

Forschungsorientierte Wissenschaftstheorie

Source

Herausforderungen an die Wissensorganisation: Visualisierung, multimediale Dokumente, Internetstrukturen. 5. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Berlin, 07.-10. Oktober 1997. Hrsg.: H. Czap u.a

Imprint

Würzburg : Ergon Verlag

Year

1998

Pages

S.287-320

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.5

Abstract

Eine an der Forschungspraxis orientierte Wissenschaftstheorie hat die Aufgabe, fachunabhängige allgemeine Grundkenntnisse über das wissenschaftliche Handwerk zu vermitteln. Sie muß den scheinbaren Widerspruch auflösen, daß einerseits Forschungsergebnisse nicht subjektiv sein dürfen, Forschung aber andererseits von Individuen betrieben wird, die unvermeidbar subjektive Elemente ins Spiel bringen: Wissenschaftlichkeit ist durch das Ausschalten der Subjektivität, genauer: durch den Übergang von subjektiven zu intersubjektiven Urteilen, gekennzeichnet. Eine intersubjektive Übereinstimmung liegt vor, wenn eine repräsentative Anzahl von Fachleuten hinsichtlich eines Ergebnisses zu einer übereinstimmenden Ansicht gekommen ist. Intersubjektivität setzt somit voraus, daß alle Ergebnisse im Prinzip von allen Wissenschaftlern überprüft werden können. Doch wann ist eine Anzahl repräsentativ? Was ist das Kriterium für Übereinstimmung? Worüber soll Einigkeit herrschen? Hinter diesen Fragen verbergen sich grundlegende Begründungsprobleme, die sich nur über eine auf anerkannte Methoden gestützte Forschungspraxis befriedigend lösen lassen: Wissenschaftlichkeit zeichnet sich durch den Gebrauch von Methoden aus. Die Objektivität wissenschaftlicher Aussagen ist an die verwendeten Methoden gebunden. Gegenstand einer forschungsorientierten Wissenschaftstheorie sind daher die wissenschaftlichen Methoden. Empirische Themen gehören dagegen nicht zu ihrem Aufgabengebiet. Wie jede Theorie ist zwar auch sie auf Ergebnisse anderer Disziplinen angewiesen, aber das darf nicht dazu verleiten, diese in der Wissenschaftstheorie selbst gewinnen zu wollen. So gehören z.B. Technik- bzw. Wissenschaftsfolgenabschätzung, Wissenschaftssoziologie, Erkenntnistheorie, Kognition usw. als Erfahrungswissenschaften nicht zur Wissenschaftstheorie

Field

Wissenschaftstheorie

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