Document (#25275)

Author

Foster, J.

Title

On the interpretative authority of information systems

Source

Exploring the contexts of information behaviour: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, 13-15 August 1998, Sheffield, UK. Ed. by D.K. Wilson u. D.K. Allen

Imprint

London : Taylor Graham Publ.

Year

1999

Pages

S.506-518

Abstract

An information theory has been something of a holy grail for information studies. Whilst the term has been happily employed in many other academic disciplines consensus on the precise nature of information within information studies has remained elusive. A recent encyclopaedia entry (Wersig, 1997) traces the development of the term as it has emerged within the discipline of information studies. In the 1970s the following approaches to information were in evidence: `the structure approach', the 'knowledge approach', the 'message approach', the `meaning approach' and the `effect approach'. 'The structure approach states that the structures of the world - whether perceived by man or not - are information' (Wersig, 1997: 222); `the knowledge approach states that knowledge developed on the basis of perception is information' (Wersig, 1997: 222); the message approach that 'information is the message itself' (Wersig, 1997: 222), the meaning approach that 'the meaning assigned to signs or data is the information' (Wersig, 1997: 222) and 'the effect approach states that information is a specific effect of a specific process, usually on the part of the recipients in a communication process' (Wersig, 1997: 222). From a social constructionist point of view what each of these approaches share is a commitment, in varying degrees, to the literal nature of information. Each approach assumes a notion of information which possesses some essential and intrinsic quality. As such, authority as to what `information' is conveyed in an exchange rests with something intrinsic to the information itself, independent of its interpretation and use by the information-seeking subject. As a corollary to this it is further assumed that information has the capacity (even if only potential capacity) to achieve a particular effect on the recipient and that this potential effect can be specified ahead of the circumstances of its interpretation and use.

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