Document (#26577)

Author

Priddat, B.P.

Title

Zivilisierungsfortschritte: Demokratisierung der Wissensgesellschaft und professioneller Staat : Erste Skizzen zur Konzeption eines "virtuellen Staates"

Source

Gut zu Wissen: Links zur Wissensgesellschaft. Hrsg.: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, konzipiert und bearb. von Andreas Poltermann

Imprint

Münster : Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot

Year

2002

Pages

S.66-78

Abstract

Die Reform des Sozialstaates, die wir in Deutschland beginnen, war von Kanzler Schröder in den Kontext einer Debatte über die "Zivilgesellschaft" gestellt worden. Die interessanteste Aussage daran ist die implizite Behauptung, daß wir, indem wir in Deutschland von einer Zivilgesellschaft reden, sie nicht haben. Schröder äußerst das extrem vorsichtig, aber die Redeweise von der Verantwortung, die die Gesellschaft für sich selber übernehmen soll, enthält immerhin soviel amerikanische Perspektive, daß wir diese Thematisierung als Beginn der Auflösung eines tradierten deutschen Staatsverständnisses deuten können. In diesem Sinn ist der Aufsatz Schröders von 2000 eine Konkretion des Schröder/Blair-Papiers von 1999. Die Reformpolitik hat die Anmutung einer Strategie; auf dem Gipfel in Florenz 1999 wurde sie als europäische Strategie der new governance angepriesen; auf dem Gipfel in Berlin 2000 als progressive governance. Gemessen am Selbstverständnis einer Zivilgesellschaft, die sich als Bürgergesellschaft versteht - als Gesellschaft kompetenter Bürger, in der Tradition des Hegelschen Selbstbewußtseins als Citoyen -, die den Staat mit hoher Skepsis als einen betrachtet, der sie bevormunden will, sind wir keine Zivilgesellschaft, sondern eine Übergangsform einer staatspaternalistischen Demokratie in einen Suchbereich erhöhter Bürgerbeteiligung. Dieses politische Geschäft übernehmen in Deutschland periodisch Bürgerbewegungen; neu ist die Tatsache, daß eine Regierung, in Form ihres Kanzlers, den Bürgern empfiehlt, mehr Verantwortung zu übernehmen. Schröder führt - auch, nicht ausschließlich - einen Staatsentlastungsdiskurs. Der gewachsene Wohlfahrtsstaat ist allokativ überfordert; die Anspruchsgerechtigkeit überflügelt die Leistungsgerechtigkeit. In Blair/Giddensscher Manier redet Schröder von "fördern und fordern". Hier wird ein neuer Sozialkontrakt angeboten: Der Staat unterstützt die Bürger, aber nur dann, wenn sie ihren Eigenbeitrag nennen, ihre Obligation. Anstelle des gewohnten sozialrechtlich definierten Anspruches wird ein neues Kontraktangebot gemacht. Der Staat beginnt, sich als social investor zu verstehen, der Sozialtransfers nicht aufgrund von Bedarfen auszahlt, sondern aufgrund von Kriterien, die vornehmlich dazu dienen, einen re-entry der Anspruchberechtigten in eigene Einkommensselbständigkeit zu erwirken.

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