Document (#29913)

Author

Humphrey, S.M.
Rogers, W.J.
Kilicoglu, H.
Demner-Fushman, D.
Rindflesch, T.C.

Title

Word sense disambiguation by selecting the best semantic type based on journal descriptor indexing : preliminary experiment

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.1, S.96-113

Year

2006

Abstract

An experiment was performed at the National Library of Medicine® (NLM®) in word sense disambiguation (WSD) using the Journal Descriptor Indexing (JDI) methodology. The motivation is the need to solve the ambiguity problem confronting NLM's MetaMap system, which maps free text to terms corresponding to concepts in NLM's Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS®) Metathesaurus®. If the text maps to more than one Metathesaurus concept at the same high confidence score, MetaMap has no way of knowing which concept is the correct mapping. We describe the JDI methodology, which is ultimately based an statistical associations between words in a training set of MEDLINE® citations and a small set of journal descriptors (assigned by humans to journals per se) assumed to be inherited by the citations. JDI is the basis for selecting the best meaning that is correlated to UMLS semantic types (STs) assigned to ambiguous concepts in the Metathesaurus. For example, the ambiguity transport has two meanings: "Biological Transport" assigned the ST Cell Function and "Patient transport" assigned the ST Health Care Activity. A JDI-based methodology can analyze text containing transport and determine which ST receives a higher score for that text, which then returns the associated meaning, presumed to apply to the ambiguity itself. We then present an experiment in which a baseline disambiguation method was compared to four versions of JDI in disambiguating 45 ambiguous strings from NLM's WSD Test Collection. Overall average precision for the highest-scoring JDI version was 0.7873 compared to 0.2492 for the baseline method, and average precision for individual ambiguities was greater than 0.90 for 23 of them (51%), greater than 0.85 for 24 (53%), and greater than 0.65 for 35 (79%). On the basis of these results, we hope to improve performance of JDI and test its use in applications.

Theme

Computerlinguistik

Field

Medizin

Object

Medline
UMLS

Similar documents (author)

1. Fushman, D. Demner- => Demner-Fushman, D.: 2.04

   2.0419705 = sum of:
     2.0419705 = product of:
       5.104926 = sum of:
         2.552463 = weight(author_txt:demner in 3691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.552463 = score(doc=3691,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             5.252987 = fieldWeight in 3691, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3691)
         2.552463 = weight(author_txt:fushman in 3691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.552463 = score(doc=3691,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             5.252987 = fieldWeight in 3691, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3691)
       0.4 = coord(2/5)
   

2. Rae, A.R.; Mork, J.G.; Demner-Fushman, D.: ¬The National Library of Medicine indexer assignment dataset : a new large-scale dataset for reviewer assignment research (2023) 1.44

   1.4438912 = sum of:
     1.4438912 = product of:
       3.6097279 = sum of:
         1.8048639 = weight(author_txt:demner in 885) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.8048639 = score(doc=885,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             3.7144227 = fieldWeight in 885, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=885)
         1.8048639 = weight(author_txt:fushman in 885) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.8048639 = score(doc=885,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             3.7144227 = fieldWeight in 885, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=885)
       0.4 = coord(2/5)
   

3. Apostolova, E.; You, D.; Xue, Z.; Antani, S.; Demner-Fushman, D.; Thoma, G.R.: Image retrieval from scientific publications : text and image content processing to separate multipanel figures (2013) 0.96

   0.96259415 = sum of:
     0.96259415 = product of:
       2.4064853 = sum of:
         1.2032427 = weight(author_txt:demner in 740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2032427 = score(doc=740,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             2.476282 = fieldWeight in 740, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=740)
         1.2032427 = weight(author_txt:fushman in 740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2032427 = score(doc=740,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             2.476282 = fieldWeight in 740, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=740)
       0.4 = coord(2/5)
   

4. Deardorff, A.; Masterton, K.; Roberts, K.; Kilicoglu, H.; Demner-Fushman, D.: ¬A protocol-driven approach to automatically finding authoritative answers to consumer health questions in online resources (2017) 0.96

   0.96259415 = sum of:
     0.96259415 = product of:
       2.4064853 = sum of:
         1.2032427 = weight(author_txt:demner in 3688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2032427 = score(doc=3688,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             2.476282 = fieldWeight in 3688, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=3688)
         1.2032427 = weight(author_txt:fushman in 3688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2032427 = score(doc=3688,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.485907 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1509768 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             2.476282 = fieldWeight in 3688, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=3688)
       0.4 = coord(2/5)
   

5. Humphrey, S.M.: Use and management of classification systems for knowledge-based indexing (1992) 0.50

   0.4977952 = sum of:
     0.4977952 = product of:
       2.488976 = sum of:
         2.488976 = weight(author_txt:humphrey in 2094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.488976 = score(doc=2094,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.42825732 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0805439 = boost
               9.298992 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44218)
               0.04262128 = queryNorm
             5.81187 = fieldWeight in 2094, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.298992 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2094)
       0.2 = coord(1/5)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Humphrey, S.M.; Névéol, A.; Browne, A.; Gobeil, J.; Ruch, P.; Darmoni, S.J.: Comparing a rule-based versus statistical system for automatic categorization of MEDLINE documents according to biomedical specialty (2009) 0.18

   0.18432046 = sum of:
     0.18432046 = product of:
       0.5120013 = sum of:
         0.031014614 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031014614 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.091296725 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.33971223 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.038224336 = weight(abstract_txt:sense in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038224336 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10494722 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0721557 = boost
               5.8275905 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.3642244 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8275905 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.05591958 = weight(abstract_txt:journal in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05591958 = score(doc=3300,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.122877955 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4208722 = boost
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.45508227 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.09112259 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptor in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09112259 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18728155 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4322535 = boost
               7.7848644 = idf(docFreq=49, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.48655403 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7848644 = idf(docFreq=49, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.022827286 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022827286 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09376854 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4332303 = boost
               3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.24344292 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.054525092 = weight(abstract_txt:greater in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054525092 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15223189 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.581506 = boost
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.35817128 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7307405 = idf(docFreq=389, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.014377256 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014377256 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07886822 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6098449 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.18229467 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.11457346 = weight(abstract_txt:disambiguation in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11457346 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24974532 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0256608 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.45876116 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
         0.08941709 = weight(abstract_txt:assigned in 3300) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08941709 = score(doc=3300,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23300646 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2592869 = boost
               6.140059 = idf(docFreq=258, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.3837537 = fieldWeight in 3300, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.140059 = idf(docFreq=258, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3300)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Kim, W.; Wilbur, W.J.: Corpus-based statistical screening for content-bearing terms (2001) 0.16

   0.16316663 = sum of:
     0.16316663 = product of:
       0.4532406 = sum of:
         0.061542712 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.061542712 = score(doc=5188,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.091296725 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.6740955 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.034553338 = weight(abstract_txt:precision in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034553338 = score(doc=5188,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09433802 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0165197 = boost
               5.5251865 = idf(docFreq=478, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.3662716 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5251865 = idf(docFreq=478, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.059803184 = weight(abstract_txt:average in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059803184 = score(doc=5188,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.107935995 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0873154 = boost
               5.90999 = idf(docFreq=325, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.55406153 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.90999 = idf(docFreq=325, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.09960678 = weight(abstract_txt:score in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09960678 = score(doc=5188,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.15166174 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2888739 = boost
               7.0055394 = idf(docFreq=108, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.65676934 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.0055394 = idf(docFreq=108, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.051365416 = weight(abstract_txt:journal in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051365416 = score(doc=5188,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.122877955 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4208722 = boost
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.41801977 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.017120466 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017120466 = score(doc=5188,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09376854 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4332303 = boost
               3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.1825822 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.019158194 = weight(abstract_txt:text in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019158194 = score(doc=5188,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10106865 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.487975 = boost
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.18955624 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.015249383 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015249383 = score(doc=5188,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07886822 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6098449 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.1933527 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
         0.094841145 = weight(abstract_txt:assigned in 5188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.094841145 = score(doc=5188,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23300646 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2592869 = boost
               6.140059 = idf(docFreq=258, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.40703225 = fieldWeight in 5188, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.140059 = idf(docFreq=258, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5188)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

3. Plaza, L.; Stevenson, M.; Díaz, A.: Resolving ambiguity in biomedical text to improve summarization (2012) 0.16

   0.15674499 = sum of:
     0.15674499 = product of:
       0.7837249 = sum of:
         0.03876827 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 2734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03876827 = score(doc=2734,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.091296725 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.4246403 = fieldWeight in 2734, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2734)
         0.047780424 = weight(abstract_txt:sense in 2734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047780424 = score(doc=2734,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10494722 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0721557 = boost
               5.8275905 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.4552805 = fieldWeight in 2734, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8275905 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2734)
         0.19731906 = weight(abstract_txt:umls in 2734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19731906 = score(doc=2734,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21440765 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.532472 = boost
               8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.9202986 = fieldWeight in 2734, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2734)
         0.14321682 = weight(abstract_txt:disambiguation in 2734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14321682 = score(doc=2734,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24974532 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0256608 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.57345146 = fieldWeight in 2734, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2734)
         0.3566403 = weight(abstract_txt:metathesaurus in 2734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3566403 = score(doc=2734,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.36417627 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.446098 = boost
               8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.9793068 = fieldWeight in 2734, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2734)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. Krovetz, R.; Croft, W.B.: Lexical ambiguity and information retrieval (1992) 0.14

   0.13896416 = sum of:
     0.13896416 = product of:
       0.69482076 = sum of:
         0.08057833 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 4028) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08057833 = score(doc=4028,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.091296725 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.8825982 = fieldWeight in 4028, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4028)
         0.057336506 = weight(abstract_txt:sense in 4028) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057336506 = score(doc=4028,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10494722 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0721557 = boost
               5.8275905 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.5463366 = fieldWeight in 4028, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8275905 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4028)
         0.038316388 = weight(abstract_txt:text in 4028) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038316388 = score(doc=4028,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10106865 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.487975 = boost
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.37911248 = fieldWeight in 4028, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.0438666 = idf(docFreq=2106, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4028)
         0.27554253 = weight(abstract_txt:ambiguity in 4028) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27554253 = score(doc=4028,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.23720974 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9741688 = boost
               7.1535926 = idf(docFreq=93, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             1.1615987 = fieldWeight in 4028, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.1535926 = idf(docFreq=93, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4028)
         0.24304698 = weight(abstract_txt:disambiguation in 4028) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24304698 = score(doc=4028,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.24974532 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0256608 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.97317934 = fieldWeight in 4028, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4028)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Mooers, C.N.: ¬The indexing language of an information retrieval system (1985) 0.12

   0.123053074 = sum of:
     0.123053074 = product of:
       0.43947527 = sum of:
         0.052013088 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 3644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052013088 = score(doc=3644,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.091296725 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.5697147 = fieldWeight in 3644, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.4353957 = idf(docFreq=523, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3644)
         0.043875102 = weight(abstract_txt:meaning in 3644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043875102 = score(doc=3644,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09663663 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0288292 = boost
               5.592094 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.45402145 = fieldWeight in 3644, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.592094 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3644)
         0.06834194 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptor in 3644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06834194 = score(doc=3644,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18728155 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4322535 = boost
               7.7848644 = idf(docFreq=49, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.36491552 = fieldWeight in 3644, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7848644 = idf(docFreq=49, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3644)
         0.017120466 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 3644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017120466 = score(doc=3644,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09376854 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4332303 = boost
               3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.1825822 = fieldWeight in 3644, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3644)
         0.02411139 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 3644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02411139 = score(doc=3644,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.07886822 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6098449 = boost
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.30571744 = fieldWeight in 3644, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3644)
         0.11248977 = weight(abstract_txt:ambiguity in 3644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11248977 = score(doc=3644,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23720974 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9741688 = boost
               7.1535926 = idf(docFreq=93, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.4742207 = fieldWeight in 3644, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.1535926 = idf(docFreq=93, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3644)
         0.12152349 = weight(abstract_txt:disambiguation in 3644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12152349 = score(doc=3644,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.24974532 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0256608 = boost
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016796703 = queryNorm
             0.48658967 = fieldWeight in 3644, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3644)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)