Document (#39051)

Author

Ufen, F.

Title

¬Das System als Roman : Eine Regelmäßigkeit der Worthäufigkeit passt bemerkenswerterweise auch auf Unternehmensgrößen und die Größe von Städten

Source

Neues Deutschland vom 06.06.2015, S.26

Year

2015

Series

Natur & Wissenschaft

Abstract

Im Jahre 2010 hatte New York 8 175 000 Einwohner. Los Angeles war mit 3 793 000 Menschen die zweitgrößte Stadt der Vereinigten Staaten. Dann folgten Chicago mit 2 696 000, Houston mit 2 100 000 und Philadelphia mit 1 526 000 Einwohnern. Zwischen den Einwohnerzahlen sämtlicher amerikanischer Städte besteht ein verblüffender statistischer Zusammenhang: Die zweitgrößte Stadt der USA hat ungefähr halb so viele Einwohner wie New York, die drittgrößte Stadt hat etwa ein Drittel der Einwohnerzahl New Yorks, die viertgrößte Stadt etwa ein Viertel, die fünftgrößte etwa ein Fünftel, usw., usw. Dieser statistische Zusammenhang zwischen dem Rangplatz einer Stadt und ihrer Einwohnerzahl bedeutet, dass die Bevölkerungsverteilung dem Zipfschen Gesetz gehorcht - d.h. die Einwohnerzahl jeder Stadt verhält sich umgekehrt proportional zu ihrer Position in einer absteigenden Rangfolge. Der US-amerikanische Linguist George Kingsley Zipf (1902-1950) formulierte das nach ihm benannte Gesetz allerdings in einem ganz anderen Zusammenhang. Zipf hat entdeckt, dass in Texten jeder beliebigen indoeuropäischen Sprache (zum Beispiel in irgendeinem Roman) das am häufigsten gebrauchte Wort ungefähr doppelt so oft vorkommt wie das am zweithäufigsten verwendete, drei Mal so oft wi das am dritthäufigsten auftauchende usw. Zipf hat außerdem herausgefunden, dass die Wörter einer Sprache, die in der Alltagskommunikation am häufigsten verwendet werden, in aller Regel auch die kürzesten und die ältesten sind. Seine Untersuchungen machten ihn zu einem Pionier der quantitativen Erforschung sprachlicher Phänomene.

Content

Vgl. auch: http://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/973475.das-system-als-roman.html.

Theme

Informetrie

Object

Zipf-Gesetz

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