Search (17 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

For his book Indexing It All: The Subject in the Age of Documentation, Information, and Data, Ronald E. Day was honored with the 2015 ASIS&T Best Information Science Book award. In this afterword, Day explains that the book examines the concept of "aboutness" in the modern documentary tradition covering information science and data science. In writing the book, Day wanted to sort out the relationship between subject and object, between user and document, the core of information science and prelude to information retrieval. He considers the transition of a text serving a group audience to a document serving individual user needs, facilitated by an array of digital technologies. Referencing historical precursors Paul Otlet and Suzanne Briet, he considers documentation as evidence that, depending on the viewpoint chosen, may be a construction or a representation of a concept. Day considers his book a dystopian work, asserting that information technology has been charged with answering both information and cultural needs and has given rise to users' addiction to technology. He anticipates data and documents to both influence and be influenced by evolving technologies, cultural forms and social norms with the document form persisting, though transformed.

Source

Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 42(2016) no.2, S.25-28

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Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 39(2005), S.347-394

Theme

Information

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Abstract

This article examnies information theory from the aspect of its 'conduit metaphor'. A historical approach and a close reading of certain texts by Warren Weaver and Norbert Wiener shows how this metaphor was used to construct notions of language, information, information theory, and information science, and was used to extend the range of the notions across social and political space during the period of the Cold War. This article suggests that this legacy remains with us today in certain notions of information and information theory, and that this has affected not only social space in general, but in particular, the range and possibilities of information studies

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.9, S.805-811

Theme

Information

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Theme

Information

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Abstract

Concepts and technologies of information and communication are discussed in the context of political philosophy and ontology. The questions of what is the meaning and sense of "information" and "communication" in modern political philosophy and what are the roles of technologies of such are discussed in regard to two notions of power and community: constitutional and constituent. The responsibility of designing and using information and communication technologies in response to an ontologically primary "social net" is discussed. One, ethical-political, role of the relation of philosophy to information is discussed.

Footnote

Artikel in einem Themenheft: The philosophy of information

Theme

Information

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Abstract

This entry discusses the concept of the information explosion as an empirical phenomenon and, more so, as a discursive concept. The term is discussed in relation to discourses on the information society and in relation to the concept of information overload.

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates

Theme

Information

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Abstract

In this book, Ronald Day offers a critical history of the modern tradition of documentation. Focusing on the documentary index (understood as a mode of social positioning), and drawing on the work of the French documentalist Suzanne Briet, Day explores the understanding and uses of indexicality. He examines the transition as indexes went from being explicit professional structures that mediated users and documents to being implicit infrastructural devices used in everyday information and communication acts. Doing so, he also traces three epistemic eras in the representation of individuals and groups, first in the forms of documents, then information, then data. Day investigates five cases from the modern tradition of documentation. He considers the socio-technical instrumentalism of Paul Otlet, "the father of European documentation" (contrasting it to the hermeneutic perspective of Martin Heidegger); the shift from documentation to information science and the accompanying transformation of persons and texts into users and information; social media's use of algorithms, further subsuming persons and texts; attempts to build android robots -- to embody human agency within an information system that resembles a human being; and social "big data" as a technique of neoliberal governance that employs indexing and analytics for purposes of surveillance. Finally, Day considers the status of critique and judgment at a time when people and their rights of judgment are increasingly mediated, displaced, and replaced by modern documentary techniques.

Content

Paul Otlet : friends and books for information needsRepresenting documents and persons in information systems : library and information science and citation indexing and analysis -- Social computing and the indexing of the whole -- The document as the subject : androids -- Governing expression : social big data and neoliberalism.

Footnote

Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Day, R.E.: An afterword to indexing it all: the subject in the age of documentation, information, and data. In: Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 42(2016) no.2, S.25-28. Rez. in: JASIST 67(2016) no.7, S.1784-1786 (H.A. Olson).

LCSH

Information science / Philosophy
Information science / Social aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

Series

History and foundation of information science

Subject

Information science / Philosophy
Information science / Social aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

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Abstract

Purpose In this article the author would like to discuss information and the causal-temporal models as discussed in trauma theory and reports from trauma therapy. The article discusses two modes of temporality and the role of narrative explanations in informing the subject as to their past and present. Design/methodology/approach Conceptual analysis. Findings Information in trauma has different meanings, partly as a result of different senses of temporality that make up explanations of trauma in trauma theory. One important meaning is that of explanation itself as a cause or a therapeutic cure for trauma. Research limitations/implications The research proposes that trauma and trauma theory need to be understood in terms of the role of explanation, with explanation being understood as persuasion. This follows the historical genealogy of trauma theory from its origins in hypnosis and psychoanalysis. Originality/value The article examines the possibility of unconscious information and its effects in forming psychological subjectivity.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Special Issue: Time and Temporality in Library and Information Science.

Theme

Information

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Abstract

The article explains why the concept of the user in Library and Information Science (LIS) user studies and information seeking behavior is theoretically inadequate and it proposes a reconceptualization of subjects, objects, and their relations according to a model of 'double mediation.' Formal causation (affordances) is suggested as a substitute for mechanistic causation. The notion of 'affective causation' is introduced. The works of several psychoanalysts and continental and Anglo-American philosophers are used as tools to develop the model.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.1, S.78-88

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Abstract

This article argues that professional discourses tend to align themselves with dominant ideological and social forces by means of language. Tn twentieth century modernity, the use of the trope of 'science' and related terms in professional theory is a common linguistic device through which professions attempt social self-advancement. This article examines how professional discourses, in particular those which are foundational for library and information science theory and practice, establish themselves in culture and project history - past and future - by means of appropriating certain dominant tropes in culture's language. This article suggests that ethical and political choices arise out of the rhetoric and practice of professional discourse, and that these choices cannot be confined to the realm of professional polemics

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.5, S.469-475

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Abstract

Occupational classifications mix epistemic and social notions of class in interesting ways that show not only the descriptive but also the prescriptive uses of documentality. In this paper, I would like to discuss how occupational classes have shifted from being a priori to being a posteriori documentary devices for both describing and prescribing labor. Post-coordinate indexing and algorithmic documentary systems must be viewed within post-Fordist constructions of identity and capitalism's construction of social sense by the wage if we are to have a better understanding of digital labor. In post-Fordist environments, documentation and its information technologies are not simply descriptive tools but are at the center of struggles of capital's prescription and direction of labor. Just like earlier documentary devices but even more prescriptively and socially internalized, information technology is not just a tool for users but rather is a device in the construction of such users and what they use (and are used by) at the level of their very being.

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Abstract

"Implicit knowledge" and "tacit knowledge" in Knowledge Management (KM) are important, often synonymous, terms. In KM they often refer to private or personal knowledge that needs to be made public. The original reference of "tacit knowledge" is to the work of the late scientist and philosopher, Michael Polanyi (Polanyi, 1969), but there is substantial evidence that the KM discourse has poorly understood Polanyi's term. Two theoretical problems in Knowledge Management's notion of "implicit knowledge," which undermine empirical work in this area, are examined. The first problem involves understanding the term "knowledge" according to a folk-psychology of mental representation to model expression. The second is epistemological and social: understanding Polanyi's term, tacit knowing as a psychological concept instead of as an epistemological problem, in general, and one of social epistemology and of the epistemology of the sciences, in particular. Further, exploring Polanyi's notion of tacit knowing in more detail yields important insights into the role of knowledge in science, including empirical work in information science. This article has two parts: first, there is a discussion of the folk-psychology model of representation and the need to replace this with a more expressionist model. In the second part, Polanyi's concept of tacit knowledge in relation to the role of analogical thought in expertise is examined. The works of philosophers, particularly Harre and Wittgenstein, are brought to bear an these problems. Conceptual methods play several roles in information science that cannot satisfactorily be performed empirically at all or alone. Among these roles, such methods may examine historical issues, they may critically engage foundational assumptions, and they may deploy new concepts. In this article the last two roles are examined.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.6, S.630-635

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Abstract

This article presents European documentalist, critical modernist, and Autonomous Marxist influenced postFordist views regarding the management of knowledge in mid- and late twentieth century Western modernity and postmodernity, and the complex theoretical and ideological debates, especially concerning issues of language and community. The introduction and use for corporate, governmental, and social purposes of powerful information and communication technologies created conceptual and political tensions and theoretical debates. In this article, knowledge management, including the specific recent approach known as "Knowledge Management," is discussed as a social, cultural, political, and organizational issue, including the problematic feasibility of capturing and representing knowledge that is "tacit," "invisible," and is imperfectly representable. "Social capital" and "affective labor" are discussed as elements of "tacit" knowledge. Views of writers in the European documentalist, critical modernist, and Italian Autonomous Marxist influenced post-Fordist traditions, such as Otlet, Briet, Heidegger, Benjamin, Marazzi, and Negri, are discussed."

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.9, S.725-735

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Abstract

The concept of the work in art differs from and challenges traditional concepts of the work in bibliography. Whereas the traditional bibliographic concept of the work takes an ideational approach that incorporates mentalist epistemologies, container-content metaphors, and the conduit metaphor of information transfer and re-presentation, the concept of the work of art as is presented here begins with the site-specific and time-valued nature of the object as a product of human labor and as an event that is emergent through cultural forms and from social situations. The account of the work, here, is thus materialist and expressionist rather than ideational. This article takes the discussion of the work in the philosopher Martin Heidegger's philosophical-historical account and joins this with the concept of the work in the modern avant-garde, toward bringing into critique the traditional bibliographic conception of the work and toward illuminating a materialist perspective that may be useful in understanding cultural work-objects, as well as texts proper.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.10, S.1644-1652

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.4, S.575-582

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.12, S.1074-1082

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Content

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Information and the Body: Part 1'.