Search (41 results, page 2 of 3)

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Abstract

Online offers the advantage over CD-ROM and locally loaded databases of being able to search several databases simultaneously. However, even when different databases have common fields, they may be named differently. This is improving, particularly throught he efforts of Mead Data Central and DIALOG. Discusses searching single databases; 2 ways in which online systems standardise fields; the lack of standardisation in the field tag SF=; Dialog's standardisation; generic field designs; standardisation of field content and NEXIS and uniform segmentation

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Abstract

Observes that whether in academic, special, or public libraries or on commercial online systems, CD-ROM, the online catalogue, or the Internet, certain end user errors crop up repeatedly. Details the main errors, which include input errors, errors arising from confusion in the face of different interfaces and screen designs, Boolean logic errors, term errors, conceptual errors, and errors due to the fact that users do not read instructions. Concludes that systems must solve the trivial errors automatically, but user instruction librarians must help solve the more complex problems

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Abstract

Considers some of the human factors in online interaction and Internet use. Discusses the following: users' need for help from libraries and librarians, given the difficulties people continue to have in accessing and using networked information; the challenge of user demands for speedy delivery of information and documents; the trend towards 'humanizing the net' through chat rooms and social agent interfaces (such as Microsoft's Bob); and the problems for libraries of users using the Internet for trivial or pornographic purposes

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Abstract

This article reports the results of a study into the use of discrete journal-article components, particularly tables and figures extracted from published scientific journal articles, and their application to teaching and research. Sixty participants were introduced to and asked to perform searches in a journal-article component prototype that presents individual tables and figures as the items returned in the search results set. Multiple methods, including questionnaires, observations, and structured diaries, were used to collect data. The results are analyzed in the context of previous studies on the use of scientific journal articles and in terms of research on scientists' use of specific journal-article components to find information, assess its relevance, read, interpret, and disaggregate the information found, and reaggregate components into new forms of information. Results indicate that scientists believe searching for journal-article components has value in terms of (a) higher precision result sets, (b) better match between the granularity of the prototype's index and the granularity of the information sought for particular tasks, and (c) fit between journal-article component searching and the established teaching and research practices of scientists.

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Abstract

Purpose - By tracking the information-seeking and reading patterns of science, technology, medical and social science faculty members from 1977 to the present, this paper seeks to examine how faculty members locate, obtain, read, and use scholarly articles and how this has changed with the widespread availability of electronic journals and journal alternatives. Design/methodology/approach - Data were gathered using questionnaire surveys of university faculty and other researchers periodically since 1977. Many questions used the critical incident of the last article reading to allow analysis of the characteristics of readings in addition to characteristics of readers. Findings - The paper finds that the average number of readings per year per science faculty member continues to increase, while the average time spent per reading is decreasing. Electronic articles now account for the majority of readings, though most readings are still printed on paper for final reading. Scientists report reading a higher proportion of older articles from a wider range of journal titles and more articles from library e-collections. Articles are read for many purposes and readings are valuable to those purposes. Originality/value - The paper draws on data collected in a consistent way over 30 years. It provides a unique look at how electronic journals and other developments have influenced changes in reading behavior over three decades. The use of critical incidence provides evidence of the value of reading in addition to reading patterns.

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Abstract

Increased reliance on electronic resources requires examination of the roles of librarians in several key ways. This paper addresses the need for further research into three important areas of electronic publishing. How is the change to digital information sources affecting the scholarly work of college and university students? Previous research shows that students rely on Web and online resources and ask for less help from librarians. We do not know, however, how these changes will affect the learning and scholarly work of college and university students. Research is also needed to determine how the differences between separate article and full journal databases affect the way research is done. What are the implications for scholarship of decisions being made about what publishers publish and what librarians purchase? Finally, are librarians--as intermediaries to the search process--still necessary in a digital age? Online systems are designed to be used independently but that may not always yield the best results.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Research questions for the twenty-first century

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Abstract

Gives a brief account of the various kinds of reference sources available to libraries, from remote online sources to locally mountes databases to printed reference works. Also provides a short historical account of electronic reference sources. Sees a role for each medium in the library and gives broad guidelines for choosing to provide a variety of these media

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Abstract

The only monitoring of educators is performed by their internal sense of right and wrong. Following the aggred terms of system contracts, selecting the most appropriate systems for students, keeping up to date with system features, and instilling ethical behaviour in students are at the core of ethics for online educators

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Abstract

Reports the results of a 1994 survey of the academic library memebers of the Association of Research Libraries, USA, to discover what types of electronic reference services they offer and how these services affect reference librarians' jobs and user and staff training. This survey was a follow up to an earlier survey in 1991

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Abstract

Outlines 3 generations of online searching: to 1981, when personal computers became ubiquitous, when searching was done from dumb terminals by intermediaries; from 1982 to 1991, when through the use of the PC, faster transmission speeds and the advent of ASCII full text, specialized end users joined intermediaries in the exploitation of online; and a generation characterized by multimedia PCs, higher transmission speeds, ASCII and 'image' full text databases, the invlovement of the general end user. Reviews the evolution of these 3 generations in 4 specific areas: content/databases; people and organizations involved; the places people search; motives for using online; and search engines and interfaces used

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Abstract

Three questions - what can be studied; how can studies be done; and what can be measured - drive research methods and help to identify information metrics for user studies. User studies can investigate user needs, search strategies, or preferences. Observing and asking, the two main methods for conducting user studies, yield quantitative and qualitative data through studying patterns of behavior and insights into motivation. ciber (Centre for Information Behaviour and the Evaluation of Research, City University, London) is in a good position to continue supporting information user behavior studies that use a variety of methods to gather both qualitative and quantitative data and help establish consistent metrics.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: "Knowledge production, consumption and impact "

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Abstract

The article presents the early findings of an exploratory deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, conducted as part of the MaxData project, funded by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services. OhioLINK, the original Big Deal, provides a single digital platform of nearly 6,000 full-text journals for more than 600,000 people; for the purposes of the analysis, the raw logs were obtained from OhioLINK for the period June 2004 to December 2004. During this period approximately 1,215,000 items were viewed on campus in October 2004 and 1,894,000 items viewed off campus between June and December 2004. This article provides an analysis of the age of material that users consulted. From a methodological point of view OhioLINK offered an attractive platform to conduct age of publication usage studies because it is one of the oldest e-journal libraries and thus offered a relatively long archive and stable platform to conduct the studies. The project sought to determine whether the subject, the search approach adopted, and the type of journal item viewed (contents page, abstract, full-text article, etc.) was a factor in regard to the age of articles used.

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Abstract

Surveys of the members of the American Astronomical Society identify how astronomers use journals and what features and formats they prefer. While every work field is distinct, the patterns of use by astronomers may provide a glimpse of what to expect of journal patterns and use by other scientists. Astronomers, like other scientists, continue to invest a large amount of their time in reading articles and place a high level of importance an journal articles. They use a wide variety of formats and means to get access to materials that are essential to their work in teaching, service, and research. They select access means that are convenient-whether those means be print, electronic, or both. The availability of a mature electronic journals system from their primary professional society has surely influenced their early adoption of e-journals.

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Abstract

In 1973 F. W. Lancaster published the first textbook about online information retrieval (with E. G. Fayen). That text and his later writings and books on the topics relating to online searching set the precedent for many books to follow. His early work also advocated many changes to the state-of-the-art systems and anticipated many of the characteristics of modern online information retrieval systems. Although the basic underlying structure of modern systems is still similar to what Lancaster wrote about thirty years ago, many of the changes he advocated have occurred. From an era of bibliographic databases on command-driven systems searched by library professionals, online systems have evolved to have friendlier interfaces, include full texts or links to full texts, and are targeted to the end users of the information. The information industry has evolved, as have the online search systems and tools that are so commonplace today.

Content

Beitrag in einem Themenheft 'The Influence of F. W. Lancaster on Information Science and on Libraries', das als Festschrift für F.W. Lancaster deklariert ist.

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Abstract

The study investigated the factors of response time, coverage, content and cost in CD-ROM and online versions of 2 popular databases: SilverPlatter Information Ins.'s and DIALOG's version of Psychological Abstracts (PsycINFO and PsycLIT) and Sociological Abstracts (Sociofile and Sociological Abstracts). Results confirm that, though the databases may be similar, significant differences do exist. Specifically, online searching gives a more consistent or predictable response time and yields greater currency, consistency and coverage

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Abstract

As end users perform their own searches, more insight into their searching behaviour is needed. Identifies and describes the strategies, assessments and affective behaviours from the transcripts and keystroke records collected during 3 searches. The affective behaviours exhibited by the searchers show the involvement of other than cognitive activities in this intellectual pursuit. Particularly interesting is the single mindedness of the search strategies. Describes the searchers' online assessments of the usefulness of retrieved records including assessment strategies that were developed

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Source

Advances in library automation and networking. Vol.5. Ed.: J.A. Hewitt and C.W. Bailey

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Abstract

Discusses the advent of software packages (termed front end packages) which are installed on PCs or Macintosh machines and provide the user with an interface to online databases. The packages involved usually provide graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and are dedicated to particular online systems. Focuses on KR ProBase which was introduced by Knight-Ridder in 1995 for information specialists to search DIALOG and DataStar (though not yet with a single interface). Describes the features of this product. Concludes with a brief discussion of the alternatives to host specific software packagaes, Z39.50 and Web browsers such as Netscape

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Footnote

Novice end users were given 2 hours of training in searching a full-text magazine database (Magazine ASAP(TM)) on DIALOG. Subjects searched during 3 to 4 sessions in the presence of a trained monitor who prompted them to think aloud throughout the sessions. qualitative analysis of the transcripts and transaction logs yielded empirical information on user variables (purpose, motivation, satisfaction), uses of the database, move types, and every question users asked during the searches. The spontaneous, naturalistic questions were categorized according to affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor speech acts. Results show that most of the searches were performed for the self and were work related. The most common use of the database was to retrieve full-text articles online and to download and print them out rather than read them on screen. The majority of searches were judged satisfactory. Innovative uses included browsing for background information and obtaining contextualized sentences for language teaching. Searchers made twice as many moves to limit sets as moves to expand sets. Affective questions outnumbered cognitive and sensorimotor questions by two to one. This preponderance of affective micro-information needs during searching might be addressed by new system functions

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Abstract

Purpose - This article presents the early findings of an exploratory deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, conducted as part of the MaxData project funded by the US Institute of Museum and Library Services. OhioLINK, the original "big deal", provides a single digital platform of nearly 6,000 full-text journal for more than 600,000 people in the state of Ohio. The purpose of the paper is not only to present findings from the deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, but, arguably more importantly, to try test a new method of analysing online information user behaviour - deep log analysis. Design/methodology/approach - The raw server logs were obtained for the period June 2004 to December 2004. For this exploratory study one month (October) of the on-campus usage logs and seven months of the off-campus transaction logs were analysed. Findings - During this period approximately 1,215,000 items were viewed on campus in October 2004 and 1,894,000 items viewed off campus between June and December 2004. The paper presents a number of usage analyses including: number of journals used, titles of journals used, use over time, a returnee analysis and a special analysis of subject, date and method of access. Practical implications - The research findings help libraries evaluate the efficiency of big deal and one-stop shopping for scholarly journals and also investigate their users' information seeking behaviours. Originality/value - The research is a part of efforts to test the applications of a new methodology, deep log analysis, for use and user studies. It also represents the most substantial independent analysis of, possibly, the most important and significant of the journal big deals ever conducted.