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Abstract

The realm of the digital offers both new methods of research and new objects of study. Because the digital environment for scholarship is constantly evolving, researchers must sometimes improvise, change their plans, and adapt. These details are often left out of research write-ups, leaving newcomers to the field frustrated when their approaches do not work as expected. Digital Research Confidential offers scholars a chance to learn from their fellow researchers' mistakes -- and their successes. The book -- a follow-up to Eszter Hargittai's widely read Research Confidential -- presents behind-the-scenes, nuts-and-bolts stories of digital research projects, written by established and rising scholars. They discuss such challenges as archiving, Web crawling, crowdsourcing, and confidentiality. They do not shrink from specifics, describing such research hiccups as an ethnographic interview so emotionally draining that afterward the researcher retreated to a bathroom to cry, and the seemingly simple research question about Wikipedia that mushroomed into years of work on millions of data points. Digital Research Confidential will be an essential resource for scholars in every field.

Editor

Hargittai, E. u. C. Sandvig

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Date

12. 2.2022 17:28:22

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Abstract

The debate on Facebook raises questions about the use and users of this information service. This collected volume gathers a broad spectrum of social science and information science articles about Facebook.Facebook has many facets, and we just look forward above all to the use and users. The facet of users has sub-facets, such as different age, sex, and culture. The facet of use consists of sub-facets of privacy behavior after the Snowden affair, dealing with friends, unfriending and becoming unfriended on Facebook, and possible Facebook addiction. We also consider Facebook as a source for local temporary history and respond to acceptance and quality perceptions of this social network service, as well. This book brings together all the contributions of research facets on Facebook. It is a much needed compilation written by leading scholars in the fields of investigation of the impact of Web 2.0. The target groups are social media researchers, information scientists and social scientists, and also all those who take to Facebook topics.

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Footnote

1. in wörtlicher Bedeutung heißt Information also das Versehen von etwas in einer Form, Gestaltgebung 2. in übertragenem Sinne heißt Information genau das gleiche wie unser Wort Bildung welches gleichfalls übertragen gebraucht wird... informatio als Bildung differenziert sich nun wieder in zwei Unterbedeutungen: a) Bildung durch Unterrichtung aa) informatio als Vorgang und ab) informatio als Ergebnis Zur Problematik zwischen Information und Wissen führt er auch die US-Zukunftsforscher Matthias Horx und den alten weisen Josef Weizenbaum an. Dessen scharfe und pointierte Kritik an der Internet-Euphorie liest man heute noch mit Vergnügen. Damit wird einer allzu simplen nationalen Zuweisungen von Vorlieben für Informationswirtschaft als "typisch amerikanisch" und allen kritiklosen Adepten einer Computergläubigkeit eine Absage erteilt. (S.41/42). Es ist erstaunlich, dass es Ratzek gelingt, den thematischen Umfang des Buches in nur drei großen Abschnitten unterzubringen, die er Teil A: Grundlagen, Teil B: Techniksynopse und Teil C: Visionen nennt. Die unter diesen Teilen aufgeführten Kapitel folgen ohne Abweichungen den vorgegebenen Themen. Die knapp gehaltenen Zusammenfassungen werden von sehr klaren und anschaulichen Grafiken unterstrichen. Um diese sehr stringente Einteilung nicht zu unterbrechen, gibt es bisweilen Exkurse, die kleine historische oder auch philosophische Ausflüge erlauben. Dies ist notwendig, denn Ratzek versucht nicht nur die von ihm vorgegebene Problematik immer wieder aufzunehmen, sondern er will diese auch auf allen Feldern der Informationstechnologie exemplifizieren. Dazu gehören nicht nur die Informationstechnologie und ihre diversen Apparate sowie die Netzwerke wie Telefon und Fernsehen, die letztendlich zu dem immer wieder durchscheinenden Credo des Autors führen: "...weil es eine Pflicht für Informationswissenschaftler ist, zu denen der Autor gehört, diesen Unterschied zu erkennen und darauf hinzuweisen, dass nicht die Informatisierung der Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft das Ziel sein kann, sondern der sinnvolle Umgang mit Information und Wissen." (S.177)

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Abstract

Social media connected the world--and gave rise to fake news and increasing polarization. Now a leading researcher at MIT draws on 20 years of research to show how these trends threaten our political, economic, and emotional health in this eye-opening exploration of the dark side of technological progress. Today we have the ability, unprecedented in human history, to amplify our interactions with each other through social media. It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to what Aral calls "The Hype Machine." As a senior researcher of the longest-running study of fake news ever conducted, Aral found that lies spread online farther and faster than the truth--a harrowing conclusion that was featured on the cover of Science magazine. Among the questions Aral explores following twenty years of field research: Did Russian interference change the 2016 election? And how is it affecting the vote in 2020? Why does fake news travel faster than the truth online? How do social ratings and automated sharing determine which products succeed and fail? How does social media affect our kids? First, Aral links alarming data and statistics to three accelerating social media shifts: hyper-socialization, personalized mass persuasion, and the tyranny of trends. Next, he grapples with the consequences of the Hype Machine for elections, businesses, dating, and health. Finally, he maps out strategies for navigating the Hype Machine, offering his singular guidance for managing social media to fulfill its promise going forward. Rarely has a book so directly wrestled with the secret forces that drive the news cycle every day"

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Abstract

Cyberscience will be different from traditional science. For two decades already, the scholarly community has witnessed a considerable increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). As opposed to "traditional" science that does without networked computers, the notion of "cyberscience" captures the use of these ICT-based applications and services for scientific purposes. The basic assumption of this study is that ICT use impacts on the basic parameters of how academia is organised, of how it functions, and of what it produces. This book describes and analyses the use of ICT in the academic world; it explains the status quo based on an analytical model; it draws a realistic and differentiated picture of probable future developments; it assesses the impact of ICT on various aspects of academic activity and on the substance of research; and it discusses the implications for research policy and the steering mechanisms within the scholarly organisations. The overall conclusion is that we are in midstream of a forceful development. Cyberscience is already taking place, but will develop its full shape and potentials only later. The new media have only just begun to play a central role in a large array of scholarly activities, and in regard to the institutional setting. Not only academic communication in the narrow sense, but also the distribution of knowledge and, most importantly, even knowledge production are affected. Hence, the impact of ICT can hardly be underrated.