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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 34(2007) no.4, S. 264-265 (L.C. Howarth): "At a time when cataloguing code revision is continuing apace with the consolidation of the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), the drafting of RDA: Resource Description and Access, and the development of common principles for an international cataloguing code (International Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code [IME ICC]), the publication of a guide for cataloguing cultural objects is timely and purposeful. Compiling this data content standard on behalf of the Visual Resources Association, the five editors - with oversight from an advisory board - have divided the guide into three parts. Following a brief introduction outlining the purpose, intended audience, and scope and methodology for the publication, Part One, General Guidelines, explains both what the Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO) guide is "a broad document that includes rules for formatting data, suggestions for required information, controlled vocabulary requirements, and display issues" (p. I) and is not "not a metadata element set per se" (p. 1). Part Two, Elements, is further divided into nine chapters dealing with one or more metadata elements, and describing the relationships between and among each element. Part Three, Authorities, discusses what elements to include in building authority records. A Selected Bibliography, Glossary, and Index, respectively, round out the guide.
As the editors note in their introduction, "Standards that guide data structure, data values, and data content form the basis for a set of tools that can lead to good descriptive cataloging, consistent documentation, shared records, and increased end-user access" (p. xi). The VRA Core Categories, for example, represent a set of metadata elements expressed within an XML structure (data structure). Likewise, the Art Architecture Thesaurus contains sets of terms and relationships, or defined data values. While much effort has been expended on developing both data structures and values, the editors argue, the third leg of the stool, data content, has received less attention. Unlike the library community with its Anglo-American Cataloging Rules [sic though RDA is referenced in the Selected Bibliography], or its archival equivalent, Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS), those in the domain of cultural heritage responsible for describing and documenting works of art, architecture, cultural artifacts, and their respective images, have not had the benefit of such data content standards. CCO is intended to address (or redress) that gap, emphasizing the exercise of good judgment and cataloguer discretion over the application of "rigid rules" [p. xii], and building on existing standards. ... Overall, Cataloging Cultural Objects with its attending guidelines for descriptive metadata and authority control for "one-of-a-kind cultural objects" should merit a place among the "well-established" data content standards of the library and archival communities that CCO references with obvious regard."

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.4, S.159-160 (G.J.A. Riesthuis): "This thesaurus is a revised edition of: ASIS thesaurus of information science and librarianship, edited by Jessica L. Milstead, 2nd ed. (1998). The change in the title is result of the change of the name of the ASIS (American Society of Information Science) into American Society for Information Science and Technology. Since 2002 the 2nd edition was used by Information Science Abstracts (now Information Science & Technology Abstracts). In the 2nd edition the goal of the thesaurus was formulated as "[include concepts from] information science and librarianship to a depth that will adequately support indexing in those fields with [...] related fields [...] computer science, linguistics and cognitive sciences [...]" (p. vii). The present editors started to update the thesaurus to reflect "the current state of the field and to implement it for indexing the Society's publications for the ASIS&T Digital Library" (p. v). The draft 3rd edition is used to index a great part of the Society's four publications. This means that the 3`1 edition is, more than its predecessors, based on literary warrant as far as this warrant is reflected in ASIS&T publications. The Netherlands have a descriptor, but Romania or Portugal not. The Bliss Bibliographic Classification is mentioned, but the far more often used Russian Library Bibliographical Classification (BBK) is missing. The thesaurus is presented in three parts: 1. An alphabetical listing of all terms. Here one finds the preferred and non-preferred terms with their relations denoted in the customary form (SN, BT, NT, RT, USE and UF). The ordering is word-byword. 2. An hierarchical display of the terms. This display contains the preferred terms only. 3. A permuted display of all terms. Unlike the 2nd edition, this list contains the non-preferred terms too. The thesaurus is like its predecessors a faceted one. There are seven main facets: 1. People and organizations, 2. Actions, events, and processes, 3. Physical objects, 4. Theoretical concepts and influences on information, 5. Information, information delivery formats and channels, 6. Methods of study, 7. Geographic information. The first five facets are subdivided in subfacets, the last have just one subfacet each. In total there arc 18 subfacets, referred to as "top terms" in the language of the thesaurus. This structure is not very different from the structure of the second edition, although the number of subfacets and the terminology has changed. There is one new facet "geographic information" with one subfacet: "countries and regions". In this facet one can see very clearly see that the thesaurus is based on literary warrant: only relatively few countries arc mentioned. The facet "methods of study" is expanded strongly. Under each of the top terms additional concepts are presented in a hierarchical structure. The maximum depth of the hierarchy is nine, although most subfacets have no more than four or five levels. The record for the "bibliometrics" entry shows clearly the changes. The domain and the main structure have not changed, but narrower terms not previously mentioned are added."

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Abstract

This book, aimed at an international audience, provides an overview of information literacy (IL) in practice; what it is, why it's become so important in the library profession and demonstrates how librarians can cultivate a better understanding of IL in their own organisations. It uses the 'Cookbook' theme throughout to provide a more informal approach, which will appeal to practitioners, and also reflects the need to provide guidance in the form of recipes, tips for success, regional variations, and possible substitutions if ingredients aren't available. This approach makes it easy to read and highly valuable for the busy information professional. It includes an overview of information literacy in higher education, the schools sector, public libraries, the health service and the commercial sector. It also includes contributions from international authors. Key Features: 1. Highly readable for busy information professionals 2. Contains advice, case studies and examples of good practice particularly useful for practitioners 3. Relevant to librarians from all sectors 4.Suitable for an international audience The Editors: Dr Jane Secker is Learning Technology Librarian at the Centre for Learning Technology, based at the London School of Economics.

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Classification

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

DDC

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

Footnote

Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.
The book also includes an index, a selected bibliography, and endnotes for each article. More information on the authors of the articles would have been useful, however. One of the best features of Information Ethics is the discussion cases at the end of each chapter. For instance, in the discussion cases, Moore asks questions like: Would you allow one person to die to save nine? Should a scientist be allowed to experiment on people without their knowledge if there is no harm? Should marriages between people carrying a certain gene be outlawed? These discussion cases really add to the value of the readings. The only suggestion would be to have put them at the beginning of each section so the reader could have the questions floating in their heads as they read the material. Information Ethics is a well thought out and organized collection of articles. Moore has done an excellent job of finding articles to provide a fair and balanced look at a variety of complicated and far-reaching topics. Further, the work has breadth and depth. Moore is careful to include enough historical articles, like the 1890 Warren article, to give balance and perspective to new and modern topics like E-mail surveillance, biopiracy, and genetics. This provides a reader with just enough philosophy and history theory to work with the material. The articles are written by a variety of authors from differing fields so they range in length, tone, and style, creating a rich tapestry of ideas and arguments. However, this is not a quick or easy read. The subject matter is complex and one should plan to spend time with the book. The book is well worth the effort though. Overall, this is a highly recommended work for all libraries especially academic ones."

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Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: FUGMANN, R.: The limitations of automatic indexing; KOBUCHI, Y., T. SAITO u. H. NUNONE: Theoretical considerations on words classification through elementary meanings; MERKL, D. u. A.M. TJOA: The representation of semantic similarity between documents by using maps: application of an artificial neural network to organize software libraries; DEWAR, A. u. E. KATSURA: Effective multilingual subject searching through Translex; RAHMSTORF, G.: A new thesaurus structure for semantic retrieval; NAKAO, Y u. G.J. ANKER: Some fundamental principles of terminology database design; CURRAS, E.: An approach to application of systematics to knowledge organization; KITAGAWA, T. u. Y. KIYOKI: A new information retrieval methods with a dynamic context recognition mechanism; PIENAAR, R.E.: Subject access in OPACs: results of a user survey in a university library

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RSWK

Interkulturelles Lernen / Suchmaschine / Deutschland / Informationsfreiheitsgesetz / Elektronisches Publizieren / E-Learning / Web log / Wiki / Informationsnetz (GBV)

Subject

Interkulturelles Lernen / Suchmaschine / Deutschland / Informationsfreiheitsgesetz / Elektronisches Publizieren / E-Learning / Web log / Wiki / Informationsnetz (GBV)

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Content

- Fachportale - Open Access II Werner Dees, Marc Rittberger: Anforderungen an bibliographische Datenbanken in Hinblick auf szientometrische Analysen am Beispiel der FIS Bildung Literaturdatenbank Joachim Pfister, Thomas Weinhold, Hans-Dieter Zimmermann: Open Access in der Schweiz Jan Steinberg: Instrumente der Überzeugungsarbeit - Kollaboration, Partizipation Christina Bieber, Harald Kraemer, Jens M. Lill, Werner Schweibenz: Museum 2.0? Hans Giessen: Primingeffekte in einer Simulation computergestützten kooperativen Arbeitens Christoph Mandl, Christoph Pfeiffer, Christian Wolff: Partizipative Leitbildentwicklung und Hochschulkommunikation - Buchwirtschaft, Informationswirtschaft Hans-Dieter Zimmermann: Die Digitalisierung der Wertschöpfung auf dem Buchmarkt Christoph Bläsi: E-Books und die Stakeholder des Buches Karin Ludewig: Das Wissensobjekt im Zeitalter seiner digitalen Produzierbarkeit
- Ausbildung, E-Learning I Isabella Peters, Sonja Gust von Loh, Katrin Weller: Multimediale und kollaborative Lehr- und Lernumgebungen in der akademischen Ausbildung Nina Heinze: Informationskompetenz: mehr als die Nutzung von Informationen Kirsten Scherer Auberson, Sonja Hierl: Lässt sich ein Zuwachs an Informationskompetenz messen? - Ausbildung, E-Learning II Sabina Jeschke, Nicole Natho, Olivier Pfeiffer, Christian Schröder: Moderne Studienform Achim Oßwald, Dagmar Otto, Nikiaus Stettier: Qualitätssicherungsstrategie für kooperativ erstellte E-Learning-Kurse Joachim Griesbaum, Wolfgang Semar, Ralph Kölle: E-Learning 2.0 - Doktoranden-Vorträge - Posterpräsentationen - Studentenpräsentationen (Abstracts)

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Footnote

"Theory and Revelation" is devoted to encouraging LIS researchers, in any capacity, not to dismiss the role of faith, beliefs, and religion. The ending section presents "A Nine-Step Model for Pragmatic Research," which stops just short of being a "how-to" by not elucidating on the methodological considerations for each step. The model, while textual, bears a striking resemblance to the flow charts for approaching research found in many research instructional works, even though the entertaining of "solutions" to problems is an iterative element of the process. The text concludes with "The Foundations for Building Bridges," a fivepage summary section, almost woefully inadequate given the substantial issues developed and presented throughout the work. Crowley must be commended for his comprehensive approach to the subject, the detailed annotations, the glossary, the summary of works cited, and the index. The format of starting each chapter with a themed scenario prevented the writing from becoming dry and sleepinducing. Most of the chapters end with a specific section addressing how the issues relate to LIS. The overall structure of the text follows logically from the more theoretical to the more applicable. However, there is a definite bias towards occurrences where practitioners and academicians tend to co-exist and function in a research environment, i.e., library science and academic institutions. Information professionals working in public and community college libraries are discussed in a rather superficial manner. How cultural pragmatism can influence research and theory centered in the information science domain must still be considered in more depth than presented in this text. Further expansion on, and a critical analysis of, cultural pragmatism as a metatheoretical perspective is definitely in order. Hopefully, Spanning the Theory-Practice Divide in Library and Information Science will be an introduction to the use of cultural pragmatism in LIS research and in the development of useful theory. In response to an e-mail from me upon first reading the text, the author informed me of his contact with several other doctoral students interested in furthering their understanding of cultural pragmatism. Inspiring other professionals is certainly a testament to the value of the work and supports my recommendation for this text as essential reading for LIS professionals interested in producing research and theory that are truly useful."

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