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Abstract

Computer haben merkwürdige Eigenschaften. Sie erledigen eine Menge komplexer Aufgaben schneller, geauer und zuverlässiger als der Mensch. Mit relativ simplen Fähigkeiten, die wir intuitiv einsetzen, haben sie jedoch zu kämpfen. Und bei Verstehen, Intelligenz und Bewußtsein versagen sie völlig. Der menschliche Geist läßt sich prinzipiell rechnerisch nicht angemessen simulieren, behauptet der Autor. Dennoch sind es physikalische Prozesse im Gehirn, die das Bewußtsein ausmachen. Er fordert in der Fortsetzung der Diskussion um 'Computerdenken' eine neue, eine nicht-rechnerische 'Physik des Bewußtseins' für die Beschreibung des Geistes, die eine Art Verallgemeinerung der Quantenmechanik sein könnte. Er entwirft schließlich ein eigenens Modell für das Gehirn, in dem die heute bekannten Vorgänge nur die Schatten eines tieferen Phänomens, des Geistes sind

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Abstract

Unter den neuen Machteliten, die das Silicon Valley hervorgebracht hat, macht neuerdings eine Sorge die Runde, die nichts Geringeres betrifft als die Zukunft der Menschheit: Was, wenn die Erforschung künstlicher Intelligenz am Ende eine künstliche Gottheit hervorbringt, die uns alle vernichtet? Während die einen vor dem Untergang warnen, prophezeien die anderen, dass uns die göttlichen Maschinen in ein digitales Himmelreich führen werden. Doch bei genauem Hinsehen entpuppt sich die Vision beider Seiten als Mythologie ohne Bezug zur Realität. Trotzdem werden unter dem Deckmantel des Kampfes gegen die digitale Apokalypse autoritäre Politikformen normalisiert, Ausbeutung vorangetrieben und Eugenik salonfähig gemacht. Das vorliegende Buch ist eine ideologiekritische Analyse der Mythologien um superintelligente KI. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Grundlagen dieser Mythologien keineswegs so neu sind, wie ihr Gegenstand uns glauben machen könnte. Vielmehr wiederholen sich hier - in technologischem Gewand und scheinbar säkularisiert - alte Ideen der protestantischen Rechten. Noch drehen sie sich nur um die Zurichtung für die Erfordernisse des digitalisierten Kapitalismus und die Radikalisierung seines Glücksversprechens. Doch die Grundlagen für eine autoritäre Wende sind im Glauben an die Superintelligenz bereits angelegt. Es wird Zeit, die Ideologie des Transhumanismus genauer in den Blick zu nehmen, weil sie das Potenzial hat, sich zu einer Herrschaftsmythologie des digitalen Zeitalters zu entwickeln.

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Issue

Übersetzt von Adele Enders und Doris Packulat.

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Abstract

Die künstliche Intelligenz hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten gewaltige Fortschritte gemacht. Setzt sich dieser Fortschritt in den nächsten Jahren mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit fort, so werden unsere Personal Computer bis etwa zum Jahr 2015 die gleiche Leistungsfähigkeit wie das menschliche Gehirn erreicht haben. Die entscheidende Frage ist, ob diese Maschinen dann auch all die geistigen Fähigkeiten erwerben können, die als zutiefst menschlich empfunden werden. Im Zentrum steht dabei vor allem die Frage nach dem Bewusstsein. Gelingt es tatsächlich, Computer mit allen geistigen Fähigkeiten des Menschen auszustatten, so reicht unsere Fantasie kaum aus, die dadurch bedingten langfristigen Folgen für unsere Zivilisation vorauszusagen. Da die künstliche Intelligenz nicht den Einschränkungen des biologischen Lebens unterliegt, ist eine Entwicklung weit über die Fähigkeiten menschlicher Intelligenz hinaus denkbar. Dies schließt sogar eine potenzielle Unsterblichkeit ein - und somit den Abschied von der Wunschvorstellung, daß der Mensch die Krone der Schöpfung sei.

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Isbn

978-3-15-008922-4

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Content

C H A P T E R 1 What is an ontology?; Introduction; The data deluge and information overload; Defining terms; Knowledge organization systems and ontologies; Ontologies, metadata and linked data; What can an ontology do?; Ontologies and information professionals; Alternatives to ontologies; The aims of this book; The structure of this book; C H A P T E R 2 Ontologies and the semantic web; Introduction; The semantic web and linked data; Resource Description Framework (RDF); Classes, subclasses and properties; The semantic web stack; Embedded RDF; Alternative semantic visionsLibraries and the semantic web; Other cultural heritage institutions and the semantic web; Other organizations and the semantic web; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 3 Existing ontologies; Introduction; Ontology documentation; Ontologies for representing ontologies; Ontologies for libraries; Upper ontologies; Cultural heritage data models; Ontologies for the web; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 4 Adopting ontologies; Introduction; Reusing ontologies: application profiles and data models; Identifying ontologies; The ideal ontology discovery tool; Selection criteria; Conclusion C H A P T E R 5 Building ontologiesIntroduction; Approaches to building an ontology; The twelve steps; Ontology development example: Bibliometric Metrics Ontology element set; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 6 Interrogating ontologies; Introduction; Interrogating ontologies for reuse; Interrogating a knowledge base; Understanding ontology use; Conclusion; C H A P T E R 7 The future of ontologies and the information professional; Introduction; The future of ontologies for knowledge discovery; The future role of library and information professionals; The practical development of ontologies

Isbn

978-1-78330-062-4

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Date

20. 6.2012 19:08:22