-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
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- a
-
Davenport, E.; Cronin, B.: Knowledge management : Semantic drift or conceptual shift? (2000)
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- Date
- 31. 7.2001 20:22:57
- Footnote
- Thematisierung der Verschiebung des Verständnisses von Wissensmanagement; vgl. auch: Day, R.E.: Totality and representation: a history of knowledge management ... in: JASIS 52(2001) no.9, S.725-735
- Type
- a
-
Gries, W.: Von der Information zum Wissen : die Wissensgesellschaft (1997)
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Hapke, T.: 'In-formation' - Informationskompetenz und Lernen im Zeitalter digitaler Bibliotheken (2005)
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- Source
- Bibliothekswissenschaft - quo vadis? Eine Disziplin zwischen Traditionen und Visionen: Programme - Modelle - Forschungsaufgaben / Library Science - quo vadis? A Discipline between Challenges and Opportunities: Programs - Models - Research Assignments. Mit einem Geleitwort von / With a Preface by Guy St. Clair Consulting Specialist for Knowledge Management and Learning, New York, NY und einem Vorwort von / and a Foreword by Georg Ruppelt Sprecher von / Speaker of BID - Bibliothek & Information Deutschland Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Bibliotheksund Informationsverbände e.V. Hrsg. von P. Hauke
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Malsburg, C. von der: Concerning the neuronal code (2018)
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- Date
- 27.12.2020 16:56:22
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- a
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Yu, L.; Fan, Z.; Li, A.: ¬A hierarchical typology of scholarly information units : based on a deduction-verification study (2020)
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- Abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to lay a theoretical foundation for identifying operational information units for library and information professional activities in the context of scholarly communication. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a deduction-verification approach to formulate a typology of units for scholarly information. It first deduces possible units from an existing conceptualization of information, which defines information as the combined product of data and meaning, and then tests the usefulness of these units via two empirical investigations, one with a group of scholarly papers and the other with a sample of scholarly information users. Findings The results show that, on defining an information unit as a piece of information that is complete in both data and meaning, to such an extent that it remains meaningful to its target audience when retrieved and displayed independently in a database, it is then possible to formulate a hierarchical typology of units for scholarly information. The typology proposed in this study consists of three levels, which in turn, consists of 1, 5 and 44 units, respectively. Research limitations/implications The result of this study has theoretical implications on both the philosophical and conceptual levels: on the philosophical level, it hinges on, and reinforces the objective view of information; on the conceptual level, it challenges the conceptualization of work by IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records and Library Reference Model but endorses that by Library of Congress's BIBFRAME 2.0 model. Practical implications It calls for reconsideration of existing operational units in a variety of library and information activities. Originality/value The study strengthens the conceptual foundation of operational information units and brings to light the primacy of "one work" as an information unit and the possibility for it to be supplemented by smaller units.
- Date
- 14. 1.2020 11:15:22
- Type
- a
-
Rahmstorf, G.: Wissensorganisation und Wissensvertextung (1995)
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- Source
- Konstruktion und Retrieval von Wissen: 3. Tagung der Deutschen ISKO-Sektion einschließlich der Vorträge des Workshops "Thesauri als terminologische Lexika", Weilburg, 27.-29.10.1993. Hrsg.: N. Meder u.a
- Type
- a
-
Bransford, J.D.; Johnson, M.K.: Contextual prerequisites for understanding : some investigations of comprehension and recall (1972)
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- Footnote
- Enthält das Beispiel 'Vom Wäschewaschen', das von R.E. Mayer zitiert wird
- Type
- a
-
Yuexiao, Z.: Definitions and sciences of information (1988)
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Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006)
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- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:22:28
- Type
- a
-
Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002)
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- Abstract
- This paper suggests a framework and systematic definitions for 6 words commonly used in dthe field of information science: data, information, knowledge, wisdom, inspiration, and intelligence. We intend these definitions to lead to a quantification of information science, a quantification that will enable their measurement, manipulastion, and prediction.
- Date
- 22. 2.2007 18:56:23
22. 2.2007 19:22:13
- Type
- a
-
Repo, A.J.: ¬The dual approach to the value of information : an appraisal of use and exchange values (1989)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 22(1986) no.5, S.373-383
- Type
- a
-
Bruner, J.: From communication to language (1975)
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- Abstract
- Bruner war der erste Erforscher des Spracherwerbs von Kindern, der Wittgensteins Problem zu würdigen wußte und eine Antwort darauf vorschlug. Wittgensteins allgemeinem Ansatz folgend, behauptete Bruner, daß das Kind den konventionellen Gebrauch eines sprachlichen Symbols dadurch erwirbt, daß es lernt, an einer Interaktionsform (Lebensform, Szene gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit) teilzunehmen, die es zunächst nichtsprachlich versteht, so daß die Sprache des Erwachsenen in geteilten Erfahrungen verankert werden kann, deren soziale Bedeutung es schon begreift. Eine Schlüsselkomponente dieses Prozesses ist zunächst ein Kind, das Erwachsene als intentionale Wesen auffassen kann, so daß es in bestimmten Kontexten seine Aufmerksamkeit mit ihnen teilen kann. Eine andere Komponente ist jedoch die bereits existierende, äußere soziale Welt, in der das Kind lebt. Um Sprache zu erwerben, muß das Kind in einer Welt leben, die strukturierte soziale Tätigkeiten aufweist, die es verstehen kann, so wie unser hypothetischer Besucher Ungarns das Kaufen von Fahrkarten und das Reisen mit Zügen verstand. Für Kinder bedeutet das häufig die Wiederkehr derselben routinemäßigen, allgemeinen Aktivität, so daß sie erkennen können, wie diese Aktivität aufgebaut ist und wie die verschiedenen sozialen Rollen in ihr funktionieren. Wenn wir am Spracherwerb interessiert sind, muß der Erwachsene außerdem ein neues sprachliches Symbol auf eine solche Weise verwenden, die das Kind als relevant für die gemeinsame Tätigkeit erkennen kann (nämlich im Gegensatz zur unvermittelten Ansprache des Ungarn auf dem Bahnhof). Wenn ein Kind in eine Welt geboren werden würde, in der dieselbe Art von Ereignis nie wiederkehrte, derselbe Gegenstand nie zweimal erschiene und Erwachsene nie dieselben Ausdrücke im selben Kontext verwendeten, dann würde im allgemeinen schwer zu sehen sein, wie dieses Kind eine natürliche Sprache erwerben könnte, welche kognitiven Fähigkeiten es auch immer haben möge. Eine Reihe von Untersuchungen hat gezeigt, daß Kinder nach ersten Fortschritten beim Spracherwerb neue Wörter am besten in Szenen gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit lernen. Oft handelt es sich dabei um solche, die in ihrer täglichen Erfahrung wiederkehren, wie Baden, Füttern, Windelwechseln, Vorlesen und Autofahren. Diese Tätigkeiten sind in vielen Hinsichten analog zu dem Szenario des Fahrkartenkaufs auf einem Bahnhof, insofern das Kind seine eigenen und die Ziele des Erwachsenen in der jeweiligen Situation versteht, was ihm ermöglicht, die Relevanz des Sprachverhaltens des Erwachsenen für diese Ziele zu erschließen. So stellten Tomasello und Todd fest, daß Kinder, die mit ihren Müttern längere Zeit bei Tätigkeiten gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit im Alter zwischen zwölf und achtzehn Monaten verbrachten, mit achtzehn Monaten ein größeres Vokabular hatten. Bei der Sprachverwendung Erwachsener innerhalb dieser Szenen gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit fanden Tomasello und Farrar sowohl korrelative als auch experimentelle Belege für die Hypothese, daß Mütter, die Sprache beim Versuch verwendeten, der Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Kinder zu folgen (d. h. über einen Gegenstand zu sprechen, der schon im Brennpunkt des Interesses und der Aufmerksamkeit des Kindes stand), Kinder mit einem größeren Vokabular hatten als Mütter, die Sprache beim Versuch verwendeten, die Aufmerksamkeit des Kindes auf etwas Neues zu lenken.
- Type
- a
-
Robertson, G.: What is information? (1996)
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- Abstract
- Discusses information in the context of information resources management arguing that it is an essential resource for every organization but one that needs to be managed better. Examines information as a resource, as an asset, as a commodity, as a rubbish
- Source
- Managing information. 3(1996) no.6, S.22-23
- Type
- a
-
Green, R.: ¬The profession's models of information : a cognitive linguistic analysis (1991)
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- Abstract
- This study establishes 3 predominant cognitive models of information and the information transfer process manifest in the literature of library and information science, based on a linguistic analysis of phrases incoporating the word 'information' from a random sample of abstracts in the LISA database. The direct communication (DC) and indirect communication (IC) models (drawn from Reddy's frameworks of metalinguistic usage) adopt the perspective of the information system; the information-seeking (IS) model takes the viewpoint of the information user. 2 disturbing findings are presented: 1. core elements of the DC and IC models are more weakly supported by the data than are most of the peripheral elements; and 2. even though the IS model presents the information user's perspective, the data emphasise the role of the information system. These findings suggest respectively that the field lacks a coherent model of information transfer per se and that our model of information retrieval is mechanistic, oblivious to the cognitive models of end users
- Footnote
- Enthält eine umfangreiche Liste von Redewendungen mit 'Information'
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: What is information? : an information veteran looks back (2022)
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- Date
- 18. 8.2022 19:22:57
- Type
- a
-
Bates, M.J.: Fundamental forms of information (2006)
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- Content
- Vgl. Erwiderung: Hjoerland, B.: The controversy over the concept of information: a rejoinder to Professor Bates. In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.643.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:15:22
- Type
- a
-
Swigon, M.: Information limits : definition, typology and types (2011)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - This paper seeks to organize the extensive field and to compile the complete list of information limits. Design/methodology/approach - A thorough analysis of literature from the field beginning with the 1960s up to the present has been performed. Findings - A universal typology of information limits has been proposed. A list of barriers mentioned in the literature of the subject has been compiled. Research limitations/implications - The term "information limits" is not commonly used. Originality/value - The complete list of information limits with bibliographical hints (helpful for future research) is presented.
- Date
- 12. 7.2011 18:22:52
- Type
- a
-
Hjoerland, B.: Concept theory (2009)
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- Abstract
- Concept theory is an extremely broad, interdisciplinary and complex field of research related to many deep fields with very long historical traditions without much consensus. However, information science and knowledge organization cannot avoid relating to theories of concepts. Knowledge organizing systems (e.g., classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies) should be understood as systems basically organizing concepts and their semantic relations. The same is the case with information retrieval systems. Different theories of concepts have different implications for how to construe, evaluate, and use such systems. Based on a post-Kuhnian view of paradigms, this article put forward arguments that the best understanding and classification of theories of concepts is to view and classify them in accordance with epistemological theories (empiricism, rationalism, historicism, and pragmatism). It is also argued that the historicist and pragmatist understandings of concepts are the most fruitful views and that this understanding may be part of a broader paradigm shift that is also beginning to take place in information science. The importance of historicist and pragmatic theories of concepts for information science is outlined.
- Footnote
- Vgl.: Szostak, R.: Comment on Hjørland's concept theory in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.5, S. 1076-1077 und die Erwiderung darauf von B. Hjoerland (S.1078-1080)
- Type
- a
-
Information literacy : a position paper on information problem solving; American Association of School Librarians Position Statement (1995)
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- Abstract
- Adopted and formatted in 1994 and reprinted with the permission of the American Association of School Librarians. Information literacy is the term being applied to the skills of information problem solving. Identifies the key elements of information literacy and presents a rationale for integrating information literacy into all aspects of the K-12 and post secondary curriculum
- Date
- 11. 4.1996 14:22:40
- Type
- a
