Search (60 results, page 3 of 3)

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Abstract

Proposes a theoretical framework for organizing information and activities in educational hypermedia systems. Focuses on the content that can be represented within a physical media, rather than the physical media itself. Proposes a theory of cognitive media types based on the inferential and learning processes of human users. Presents an implemented computer system, called AlgoNet, that supports hypermedia information access and constructive learning activities for self paced learning in computer and engineering disciplines

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:18:18

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Source

International forum on information and documentation. 20(1995) no.1, S.22-30

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Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Date

22. 5.1999 14:51:49

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Source

New review of information and library research. 3(1997), S.1-22

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Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

What exactly are the Wellsian World Brain or World Encyclopedia ideas to which reference is so often made? What did they mean for Wells? What might they mean for us? This article examines closely what Wells says about them in his book, World Brain (1938), and in a number of works that elaborate what is expressed there. The article discusses aspects of the context within which Wells's conception of a new world encyclopedia organization was formulated and its role in the main trust of his thought. The article argues that Wells's ideas about a World Brain are embedded in a strucutre of thought that may be shown to entail on the one hand notions of social repression and control that must give us pause, and on the other a concept of the nature and organization of knowledge that may well be no longer acceptable. By examining Wells's ideas in some detail and attempting to articulate the systems of belief which shaped tham and which otherwise lie silent beneath them, the author hopes to provoke questions about current theorizing about the nature of global information systems and emergent intelligence

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Abstract

The revelation of information essence is one of the fundamental problems in contemporary science. The question of determining more precisely the content of this notion as a general-scientific category is treated, taking account of recent characteristics trends. Manifestations of a non.scientific approach and absolute subjectivism in considering this problem are critisized. The essence of information is found to be the content of reflection at the level of self-organizing systems. In the development of the concept of information, the principal importance is stressed of the informational approach to reality cognition; the inseperable unity and, at the same time, non-identity of these two phenomena of science is shown

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Abstract

Surveys research in developing computational models for integrating linguistic and visual information. It begins with a discussion of systems which have been actually implemented and continues with computationally motivated theories of human cognition. Since existing research spans several disciplines (eg natural language understanding, computer vision, knowledge representation), as well as several application areas, categorizes existing research based on inputs and objectives. Outlines some key issues related to integrating information from 2 such diverse sources and relates it to existing research. Throughout, the key issue addressed is the correspondence problem, ie how to associate visual events with words and vice verse

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Abstract

The language and contents of the mass communications industry, and the products produced through and for commerical computerized information systems and networks, may appeal to relatively undeveloped aspects of our intellectual and spiritual faculties and could degrade rationalism and thus jeopardize the production of scientific knowledge. In particular, recent decades have seen a shift away from conceptual linguistic symbolism, historically used for scientific research and communication, to iconic symbolism and visual language, which may be poorly suited to scientific thought. Discusses the relationship between complex computing and telecommunications and both the content and the vehicles of learning and scientific research for the 21st century

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Abstract

There are still some information services that ignore the needs of the end-user, planning their work systems, by merely taking into account the characteristics of the documents that they control. We should perhaps attribute this attitude to a lack of theoretical knowledge of 'information science'. How can we refer to ourselves as information scientists if we are merely highly experienced and clever technicians? The aim of this paper is to establish the identity of theis science and our own identity as professionals. The relation between 'information' and 'information scince' is considered as a complete, global, complex entity, with a holistic dimension

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Abstract

Epistemological theories of information science have a fundamental impact on theories about users, their cognition and information seeking behaviour, on subject analysis, and on classification. They also have a fundamental impact on information retrieval, on the understanding of 'information', on the view of documents and their role in communication, on information selection, on theories about the functions of information systems and on the role of information professionals. Asserts that information science must be based on epistemological knowledge, which avoids blind alleys and is not outdated. Shows limitations in the dominant approaches to information science and proposes alternative viewpoints

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Abstract

The aim of this book is to examine the effects of recorded thought on human communication systems. The scope of this work includes the nature of human speech and language, and the development of readership in the UK and USA, particularly with reference to libraries, and the nature of reading.

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Abstract

It can be observed that the essential function of information in nature is to control and thereby operate the organisation of life. Such organisation is recursively defined so that it refers to the operations of life at every scale, microscopic organisms, vital organs, animals, social groups of animals including commercial firms, interdependent species, and the entire biosphere. It follows that the natural structure and behaviour of sets and symbols used to represent information are characterised by the interplay of recursively defined order and intrinsic disorder aring from physical uncertainty in the behaviour of very small objects in the control mechanisms of life. Recognition and acceptance of such features of the nature of information offers useful guidance to information systems designers in their selection of strategic objectives, e.g. to reduce the hazards of program development by minimising the gross multiplicity of details that must be correct for a program to operate as intended

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Abstract

Describes the characteristics of the information era: a complex environment with which business attempts, mostly unsuccessfully, to cope using management information and decision support systems. The failures may be due to the fact that the decision maker does notknow what information to look for and where. The impact of the principle of incomplete knowledge upon current business information acquisition problems motivates this paper, which looks at the concepts of data, information, and knowledge in the light of cybernetic research concerning the role of signals, artificial intelligence regarding the nature of knowledge, and Borje Langefor's infological research. The latter bridges the gap between signal and knowledge by introducing the infological equation with information as a key concept. All recognise a communication process. Focuses on the semantic, pragmatic, and social aspects of communication. Concludes that Langefor's e-message concept should be further investigated

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Abstract

Information and meaning is the third book in a trilogy exploring the nature of information, intelligence and meaning. It begins by providing an overview of the first 2 works of the trilogy, then goes on to consider the meaning of meaning. This exploration leads to a theory of how the brain works. This book differs from others in the field, in that it is written from the perspective of a theoretical biologist looking at the evolution of information systems as a basis for studying the phenomena of information, intelligence and meaning. It describes how neurons create a brain which understands information inputs and then is able to operate on such information

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Abstract

Critically examines claims for the use of information and communication technologies for the easy availability of information and so for the improvement of citizen participation in democratic processes. Examines the quality as opposed to the quantity of information available and discusses the nature of the information infrastructure as envisioned in the New Library: The People's Network report against the historical reality of the failure of established systems to fulfill their potential and the characteristics of the present information environment. Considers attacks on the established public library system and discusses the nature of official information as embodied in official statistics. Examines the commercialisation of broadcasting, the decline of public service broadcasting and the failure of radio and television to develop in private hands into vehicles for mass education, concluding that where quality of content is paramount for information purposes over techniques of presentation, the claims for technological solutions for the information age are overstated.

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Abstract

The influence of cognitive and affective information processing on the late positive complex of the event-related potential was studied by means of structural or affective processing of adjectives categorized as emotionally negative, neutral or positive. An extensive replication study tested 2 research hypotheses derived from a pilot study with 14 subjects. The first hypothesis stated that the active, conscious evaluation of the affective meaning of the adjectives should lead to a long lasting positive shift, which is maximal over the frontal scalp. This shift should be independent of the emotional content of the adjectives and should not be observed during structural processing. Second, the emotionally negative and emotionally positive adjectives should elicit a more positive P3-component compared to neutral adjectives. This effect should be independent of the type of task (structural or affective). Because the hypotheses are in part related to the interpretation of the null hypotheses of the statistical tests, an a priori control of both alpha- and beta-error probability is necessary. - From the results, it is concluded that affect and cognition are separate information processing functions of the brain and are mediated by different brain systems

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Abstract

This paper shows a technique for examining information within its context, drawing together threads from anthropology, sociology, psychology, and organisational theory. As stated in the call for papers, the formalisation of `things' `into formation' is a partial, precarious and political activity. On the other hand, when applied appropriately, this process can also be a powerful means of achieving an understanding about a setting, albeit with a particular perspective. One such approach is presented here of looking at this idea of `information' as both the product of an analysis, and its use in an organising capacity. There is an applied need for providing rich descriptions of action in real world settings both in the development of work-appropriate technology, and to support organisational change. This requirement has lead to, and been informed by, the development of theoretical frameworks to organise this information. Amongst others, these include ethnomethodology, situation theory, actor network theory and activity theory. A relatively new framework that allows researchers to organise task related information about activity and context is distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a,b), developed specifically to analyse and provide resources for redesigning systems (Rogers & Ellis, 1994) by examining their information processing characteristics.