Search (36 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

First published in 1993, this book presents a new process approach to library and information services.

Date

25.11.2005 18:58:22

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Date

25. 3.2003 13:22:23

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Classification

327.12 22

Content

Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.

DDC

327.12 22

Editor

Williams, R.V. and B.-A. Lipetz

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
The role of technology in both intelligence and information science is just one question explored in Covert and Overt, which takes on more fundamental issues as well. Even the ubiquitous "What is information?" debate is revisited. But the questions asked are always subordinate to the overarching theme of bringing concepts and techniques of intelligence and information science together and examining the results. The process and lifecycle of intelligence is explored and mapped to information science methods, primarily indexing and information retrieval. In more historical explorations undertaken by contributors, it becomes apparent that intelligence and information science have always been closely aligned, but that this alignment is not always perceived by those engaged in intelligence work. Interestingly, and probably not surprisingly, a general consensus seems to be that library and information science practitioners involved in intelligence were (and are) more capable of seeing the complementary nature of the techniques information science brings to intelligence services than many intelligence professionals, who often needed demonstrations of efficacy to be convinced. Structurally, the book is divided into four parts, moving from anecdotal accounts through to discussions of definition and theory. Part 1, "Information Science and Intelligence: Reminiscences and Reflections from World War II to Today" is comprised of the personal stories of information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals at various times during and since World War II, collected from special panel presentations at the 2001 and 2002 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) annual conferences. These contributors include former American and British servicemen and intelligence officers who all relate a common experience of dealing with information, documents, and other records in the pursuit of intelligence goals.
This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Date

22. 3.2004 14:46:50

Footnote

Rez. in: B.I.T. online 6(2003) H.3, S.298-299 (J. Plieninger): "Wer im vorigen Heft von B.I.T.online den Fachbeitrag von Hermann Rösch über Bibliothekarische Auskunft im Web gelesen und sich daraufhin überlegt, einen solchen Dienst einzuführen, für den wäre dieses Buch das geeignete Mittel, sich für die Einführung einer Online-Auskunft fit zu machen. Die Autorin ist in der amerikanischen Internet Librarian- und Reference Librarian-Szene wohlbekannt: 1993 verfasste sie mit zwei Mitautoren Crossing the Internet Treshold, ein Tutorial für die Nutzung des Netzes, welches für die Profession eine Hilfestellung für die breite Nutzung des Internets bot. Das hier besprochene Buch könnte eine ähnliche Funktion für die Einführung der Virtual Reference bekommen: Es bietet einen Selbstlernkurs, welcher anschaulich die Grundlagen und die Grundhaltung bei der Implementation eines solchen Dienstes vermittelt. Was ist alles in diesem Kurs enthalten? Der erste Teil des Buches behandelt den Entscheidungsprozess, einen Online-Auskunftsdienst einzuführen: Es werden Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert, die Bedürfnisse der Benutzer untersucht ("There will always be a need for a human consultant to satisfy the needs of the information seeker.") und die Grundlagen der Entscheidungsfindung für eine geeignete Software behandelt. Der zweite Teil handelt dann von den Fragen der "Einrichtung" des virtuellen Auskunftsplatzes. Hier gibt es z.B. eine Schulung in den besonderen Kommunikationsformen, welche beim Chat zu beachten sind, eine Einbettung des neuen Dienstes in das Leitbild, die Geschäftsordnung bzw. Arbeitsorganisation der Bibliothek ("library policies") und zuletzt die komfortable Ausstattung des Auskunftsplatzes für Benutzer und Beschäftigte bis hin zu Fragen der Evaluation und Qualitätssicherung. Der dritte Teil behandelt die Aufgabe, einen Dienst zu implementieren, der sich selbst trägt, indem man ein Marketing für den neuen Dienst einrichtet, das ihn auf herkömmlichen und neuen Wegen promotet und ihn benutzerfreundlich ausgestaltet.

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Date

30. 6.2005 20:52:22

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Date

11. 6.2004 14:52:22

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Editor

Klingemann, H.D. u. A. Römmele

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Abstract

Academic librarians have a long and rich tradition of collaborating with discipline-based faculty members to advance the mission and goals of the library. Included in this tradition is the area of information literacy, a foundation skill for academic success and a key component of independent, lifelong learning. With the rise of the general education reform movement on many campuses resurfacing in the last decade, libraries have been able to move beyond course-integrated library instruction into a formal planning role for general education programmatic offerings. This article shows the value of 1. strategic alliances, developed over time, to establish information literacy as a foundation for student learning; 2. strong partnerships within a multicampus higher education system to promote and advance information literacy efforts; and 3. assessment as a key component of outcomes-based information literacy activities.

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Abstract

If your customers don't sleep, why should your reference service? Online library reference services available 24/7 are offered in a growing number of institutions. With many models to choose from and more details to be worked out, it is a critical time for librarians to assess their patrons' needs and market their services to address these needs. Collecting and documenting what thousands of virtual reference librarians have learned over the past few years, this comprehensive guide provides a needed overview to help new and aspiring virtual reference library departments to understand the entire process and its ramifications. In a text supplemented with checklists so no key element is forgotten, this reference offers the real-world answers from Ieading experts to the most common questions: - Where has Web-based library reference come from and where is it going? - What is the best digital reference software to address specific needs? - How do they get hired and trained? - When and how does a library market such a radial new Service? - Why are evaluations and system enhancerncnts critical to the future of digital reference? With a look into the costs, and a look into the future, supplemented with the most comprehensive bibliography available an the topic, Going Live is a one-stop resource for getting started in digital reference services.

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Abstract

Let us start with a simple scenario: a man asks a woman "how high is Mount Everest?" The woman replies "29,029 feet." Nothing could be simpler. Now let us suppose that rather than standing in a room, or sitting on a bus, the man is at his desk and the woman is 300 miles away with the conversation taking place using e-mail. Still simple? Certainly--it happens every day. So why all the bother about digital (virtual, electronic, chat, etc.) reference? If the man is a pilot flying over Mount Everest, the answer matters. If you are a lawyer going to court, the identity of the woman is very important. Also, if you ever want to find the answer again, how that transaction took place matters a lot. Digital reference is a deceptively simple concept on its face: "the incorporation of human expertise into the information system." This lecture seeks to explore the question of how human expertise is incorporated into a variety of information systems, from libraries, to digital libraries, to information retrieval engines, to knowledge bases. What we learn through this endeavor, begun primarily in the library context, is that the models, methods, standards, and experiments in digital reference have wide applicability. We also catch a glimpse of an unfolding future in which ubiquitous computing makes the identification, interaction, and capture of expertise increasingly important. It is a future that is much more complex than we had anticipated. It is a future in which documents and artifacts are less important than the contexts of their creation and use.

Content

Table of Contents: Defining Reference in a Digital Age / Conversations / Digital Reference in Practice / Digital Reference an a New Future / Conclusion

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.14, S.1556-1557 (J. Graef): "On one level, Information Strategy in Practice by Elizabeth Orna is a handbook an how to create an "information strategy." On another, it is a commentary an changing information roles and responsibilities in organizations. The main theme is aimed at information professionals (usually librarians) who want to learn the nuts and bolts of how to conduct an "information audit," how to develop an "information policy," and how to create an "information strategy." The subtext-that information management is everyone's responsibility-is a more radical (and interesting) message. An information strategy as defined by the author is an action plan for managing and applying an organization's information resources and supporting its essential knowledge base (the people who contribute and use information to achieve the organization's objectives). The emphasis is an a specific problem, function, or departmentnot the entire enterprise. For example, a strategy might be aimed at capturing knowledge that is transferred informally among employees or making an information system more efficient, less error prone, and more accessible. According to Orna, an information strategy is the last stage of a three-step process that begins with an audit (needs assessment), which is the basis tot a policy (objectives, priorities, and metrics). As she defines it, the audit describes "what is" in terms of information use. The policy describes "what should be," and the strategy shows how to get from "what is" to "what should be." Table l compares the three processes. The audit example is Orna's; the policy and strategy examples are mine. . . .
Information Strategy succeeds as a guide for librarians who want to conduct an information audit and then follow it up with a set of recommendations and an action plan. IT staff who need to develop a specific kind of policy (e.g., for security or privacy) and businesspeople who want to develop an information strategy for competitive advantage should look elsewhere. Orna also makes a valuable contribution in raising such issues as "mutual information obligations," the relationship between information and knowledge management, the overemphasis an technology solutions and measuring of intellectual capital, and the need to support "incidental information managers." These would make good discussion topics for a graduate library/information science class or a roundtable of practitioners.

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Abstract

'I wish that I had been able to obtain such a guide when I started dealing with enquiries' - "Managing Information". 'By the time I got to it 3 staff had noticed it on the desk and written a note saying really good and can we have a copy' - "BBOB News". 'This is certainly a comforting and very useful guide for the information worker, particularly inexperienced or unqualified, staffing a general enquiry desk' - "New Library World". There is a queue, the phone is ringing, the photocopier has jammed and your enquirer is waiting for a response. You are stressed and you can feel the panic rising. Where do you go to find the information you need to answer the question promptly and accurately?Answering queries from users is one of the most important services undertaken by library and information staff. Yet it is also one of the most difficult, least understood subjects. There are still very few materials available to help frontline staff - often paraprofessional - develop their reader enquiry skills. This award-winning sourcebook is an essential guide to where to look to find the answers quickly. It is designed as a first point of reference for library and information practitioners, to be depended upon if they are unfamiliar with the subject of an enquiry - or wish to find out more. It is arranged in an easily searchable, fully cross-referenced A-Z list of around 150 of the subject areas most frequently handled at enquiry desks.Each subject entry lists the most important information sources and where to locate them, including printed and electronic sources, relevant websites and useful contacts for referral purposes. The authors use their extensive experience in reference work to offer useful tips, warn of potential pitfalls, and spotlight typical queries and how to tackle them. This new edition has been brought right up-to-date with all sources checked for currency and many new ones added. The searchability is enhanced by a comprehensive index to make those essential sources even easier to find - saving you valuable minutes! Offering quick and easy pointers to a multitude of information sources, this is an invaluable reference deskbook for all library and information staff in need of a speedy answer, in reference libraries, subject departments and other information units.

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Abstract

This important reference volume covers developments in almost every aspect of British library and information work during the ten-year period 1991-2000. Some forty contributors, all of whom are experts in their subject, provide a robust overview of their specialities along with extensive further references which act as a starting point for further research. The book provides a comprehensive record of what took place in library and information management during a decade of considerable change and challenges. It is an essential reference resource for librarians and information professionals.

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Abstract

Is intended as a guide for those people who have been charged with establishing a library or information service in their organisation. It is a practical guide to the steps that need to be taken, the people that will need to be dealt with and the procedures that will have to be adopted in order to bring the venture to a successful conclusion. Contains many practical tips and hints from the author.

Content

Key Features - Deals with the whole process - from start to finish and is based an sound principles that have worked in practice - Is easy to follow as a step-by-step guide - Is of value to both professional librarians and non-professional staff working in the field The Author Kirby Porter is currently employed as Principal Librarian for the Northern Ireland Civil Service and Head of Library Services for the Northern Assembly. He has developed libraries in various government departments, colleges and other organisation such as the Human Rights Commission. Readership The book is aimed at all librarians and informational professionals, and non-librarians responsible for library collections. Contents Introduction Why create a library service, purpose First steps - finding out about customers, involving customers Information audit, finding out about what you have got, finding out about what the customer needs Organising information, classification Standard, cataloguing standards, copyright Planning and implementation, library layout, library systems Marketing the service Review, performance indicators Conlusion/things to look out for

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Abstract

The virtual university environment provides librarians with new opportunities to contribute to the educational process. Building on the success of team-teaching a traditional liberal arts core course with composition and communications faculty, librarians and a communications professor worked together to integrate the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (2000) into the online environment. The resulting graduate-level course in multimedia literacy assembled faculty and curriculum resources normally untapped in traditional classrooms. All five information literacy standards covering need, access, evaluation, use and the social, economic, legal, and ethical issues surrounding information use were addressed. Readings and threaded discussions about intellectual property, fair use of copyrighted materials, the evaluation of free and fee-based Web information and Web page design and construction prepared students to work in groups to design and construct Web sites. Students also completed a capstone project in the form of individual Web portfolios, which demonstrated the information and multimedia principles they learned in the class. Assessment of information literacy skills occurred through the analysis of student discussion, evaluative annotations, Web site assignments, perception surveys, and a master's level comprehensive exam question. What was learned in this course will serve as a model for future collaborative partnerships in which faculty and librarians work together to ensure that students who learn from a distance truly master information literacy competencies.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 53(2002) no.4, S.321-322 (I. Fourie): "A substantial literature exists on artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems in general, as well as in Library and Information Science (LIS). Many reports are over-confident and grossly exaggerate the power and potential of artificial intelligence (AI). This is especially true of the first phase of At, and to some extent also of the third phase that is stimulated by developments surrounding the Internet. The middle phase was mostly marked by disillusionment about the potential of Al and expert systems. The confusion around the promises made by AI and the lack of operational success, leaves managers of library and information services with the dilemma of distinguishing between worthwhile research reporting on operational projects and projects that exists only on paper or in the researchers' heads. It is very difficult to sieve between the two when working through the subject literature, and to distinguish between working technology/applications and wishful thinking. This might be one reason why working systems are sometimes ignored. According to Lancaster and Warner, library managers must also look much wider than the LIS literature to note new trends; this can, however, become a daunting task. Against this background the authors report on a study conducted with the support of the Special Libraries Association's Steven I. Goldspiel Memorial Research Grant. The objective of the study was to gain sufficient familiarity with the developments in Al and related technologies to make recommendations to the information service community on what can be applied, and what to expect in the near future. The intention therefore was to focus on systems that are actually operational, and systems that hold potential for the future. Since digital libraries seems an inevitable part of our future, applications concerning them features strongly in the final recommendations. The scope of AI in Library and Information Science depends on the interpretation of the concepts artificial intelligence and expert systems. "If a system has to `behave intelligently' (e.g. make inferences or learn from its mistakes) to qualify as having AI, few such systems exist in any application. On the other hand, if one accepts that a system exhibits AI if its does things that humans need intelligence to do, many more systems would qualify" (p. 107). One example is the field of subject indexing. The same would apply if a more relaxed definition of expert systems is applied as a system that "can help the non-expert perform some task at a level closer to that of an expert, whether or not all the essential components are in place" (p. 107). Most of the AI literature relevant to libraries falls in the field of expert systems. Lancaster and Warner identify (p. 6) expert systems as " a branch of artificial intelligence, even though very few expert systems exhibit true intelligence.""

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.14, S.1304 (L.A. Ennis): "Written by Judith A. Siess, president of Information Bridges International, Inc. and recognized expert in one-person librarianship, The Visible Librarian: Asserting Your Value with Marketing and Advocacy is a concise and easy to read work an the art of self-promotion. As Siess explains in her introduction "libraries are no longer a given" (p. xi). Librarians must leam to market themselves and their services to the people who make decisions and practice proactive advocacy to survive. In The Visible Librarian Siess applies proven and practical marketing, customer service, and public relations strategies to libraries and librarians. The Visible Librarian is divided in to live chapters. The first chapter, "The Primacy of Customer Service and Other Basics," takes a close look at what it means to provide good customer service. Drawing from a variety of resources Siess provides the reader with a basic overview of customer service theory and then demonstrates how to put the theory into practice in libraries of all kinds. Siess also stresses the importance of thinking of library users as customers. Further, one of the most compelling points Siess makes in this chapter is that libraries now must compete with other information providers for customers. Libraries are no longer the only place for people to find information and, as Siess argues, good customer service is what will keep people coming back to the library. This is an excellent introductory chapter for this work. Chapter 2, "Doing the Groundwork: Marketing," is a lively discussion an the role energetic and positive marketing can play in promoting libraries and their services. Siess begins by stressing that marketing is vital to all libraries and that librarians must be the ones to do the marketing. The bulk of this chapter focuses an the "Six Ps" of marketing; "the right product at the right price in the right place, promoted in the right way to the right people at the right point in time" (p. 20). Along with the discussion of the six Ps Siess uses Ranganathan's model to provide the reader with some examples of creative marketing. This chapter also includes a sample customer satisfaction survey and a small section addressing marketing in specialized libraries such as corporate, academic, and hospitals. One of the best discussions is in chapter three, "Publicity: The Tangibles." Siess broadly defines publicity as "anything written or said, seen or heard about your business that communicates the who, what, why, when, and where ... (52). Siess begins by providing an outline explaining the different sections of a public relations plan. The chapter then covers publicity basics and provides the reader with a number of tips for conducting publicity such as, keeping things simple and proof reading copy multiple times. Siess closes with examples of forms of publicity such as brochures, newsletters, business cards, and more. One example given by the author is how she uses her e-mail signature file to publicize her book. Overall, this chapter especially is a practical and useful guide for all types of libraries and librarians.
The next chapter, "Public Relations: The Personal Touch," examines what to do when the publicity and marketing start to bring people together. One of the most important things Siess stresses is the positive impact that getting out of the physical library and going to the customers can have an peoples' perceptions. Besides visiting other offices and departments Siess includes teaching as an important public relations tool along with open houses, exhibits, and good telephone skills. The final chapter, "Advocacy: Putting it All Together," ties the previous four chapters together and stresses the importance of librarians being advocates for other librarians, libraries, and themselves. A good portion of this chapter is dedicated to how other sec librarians and libraries as well as how librarians view themselves and the services they provide. As Siess explains people generally only see about 20% of what librarians do so librarians should make it their business to educate people about the other 80%. The chapter is full of good suggestions for proactive library advocacy. The Visible Librarian is a well-written, organized, and timely addition to the growing body of work an library marketing and promotion. The book provides the reader with an excellent introduction to library promotion complete with case studies, personal anecdotes, and a lengthy list of sources cited and additional resources. The book is not geared toward any one type of library or librarian, however, the topics discussed and suggestions given throughout the text can be easily molded to different situations in different types of libraries. The Visible Librarian would serve as an excellent textbook for a library science course an just about any topic. Overall, this is a highly recommended book for all types of librarians despite Siess' vast experience in small, one-person libraries."

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