Search (31 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Kapitel: Keynote papers - Theoretical perspectives - The health services context - Everyday life - The work environment - Organization of information in context - An information systems perspective

Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: INTRONA, L.D.: Context, power, bodies and information: exploring the 'entangled' contexts of information; JACOB, E.K. u.a.: When essence becomes function: post-structuralist implications for an ecological theory of organizational classification systems; MALMSJO, A.: Conditions for designing different kinds of information systems; JULIEN, H.: Where to from here? Results of an emprical study and user-centred implications for system design; VAKKARI, P.: Task complexity, information types, search strategies and relevance: integrating studies on information seeking and retrieval; SPINK, A.: Towards a theoretical framework for information retrieval in an information seeking context; KUHLTHAU, C.C.: Investigating patterns in information seeking; concepts in context; BREZILLON, P. u.a.: Modeling context in information seeking; BYSTROM, K.: Information seekers in context: an analysis of the 'doer' in INSU studies; AUDUNSON, R.: Can institutional theory contribute to our understanding of information seeking behaviour?; SONNENWALD, D.H.: Evolving perspectives of human information behaviour: conexts, situations, social networks and information horizons; OLSSON, M.: Discourse: a new theoretical framework for examining information behaviour in its social context; KEANE, D.: The information behaviour of senior executives; LIMBERG, L.: Three conceptions of information seeking and use; PRESTON, H. u.a.: An evaluation of case study methodology within information system research; WILSON, T.D.: Exploring models of information behaviour: the 'uncertainty' project; ENNIS, M. u.a.: Towards a predictive model of information seeking: empirical studies of end-user searching; SOLOMON, P.: Information mosaics: patterns of action that structure; TOMS, E.G.: What motivates the browser? ABAD-GARCIA, M.F.: Information needs of physicians at the University Clinic Hospital in Valencia-Spain: GORMAN, P.: Information seeking of primary care physicians: conceptual models and empirical studies; LOMAX, E.C. u.a.: An investigation of the information seeking behavior of medical oncologists in Metropolitan Pittsburgh using a multi-method approach; PETTIGREW, K.E.: Agents of information: the role of community health nurses in linking the elderly with local resources by providing human services information; URQUHART, C.J.: Using vignettes to diagnose information strategies: opportunities and possible problems for information use studies of health professionals; WILDEMUTH, B.M. u.a.: The transition from formalized need to compromised need in the context of clinical problem solving; MARCELLA, R. u. G. BAXTER: The transition from formalized need to compromised need in the context of clinical problem solving; COLES, C.: Information seeking behaviour of public library users: use and non-use of electronic media; GREEN, A.-M. u. E. DAVENPORT: Putting new media in its place: the Edinburgh experience; ROSS, C.S.: Finding without seeking: what readers say about the role of pleasure-reading as a source of information; SAVOLAINEN, R.: Seeking and using information from the Internet: the context of non-work use; SPINK, A. u.a.: Everyday life information-seeking by low-income African American households: Wynnewood Healthy Neighbourhood Project; DIXON, P. u. L. BANWELL: School governors and effective dicision making; COOPER, L. u. C.C. KUHLTHAU: Imagery for constructing meaning in the information search process: a study of middle school students; FABRITIUS, H.: Triangulation as a multiperspective strategy in a qualitative study of information seeking behaviour of journalists; JOHINSTON, S.: Training for the information economy: a study of the information culture of a graduate business school; NICHOLAS, D. u. P. WILLIAMS: The changing information environment: the impact of the Internet on information seeking behaviour in the media; WIJNGAERT, L. van de: A policy capturing study of media choice: the effect information of needs and user characteristics on media choices; FETZER, A.: Validity claims: assigning contextual information; FOSTER, A.: On the interpretative authority of information systems; MUTCH, A.: Information: a critical realist approach; PERRY, M.: Process, representation and taskworld: distributed cognition and the organisation of information; HUOTARI, M.-L.: Social network analysis as a tool to evaluate IM in the public sector: a pilot study at the University of Tampere

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Abstract

The field of human information behavior runs the gamut of processes from the realization of a need or gap in understanding, to the search for information from one or more sources to fill that gap, to the use of that information to complete a task at hand or to satisfy a curiosity, as well as other behaviors such as avoiding information or finding information serendipitously. Designers of mechanisms, tools, and computer-based systems to facilitate this seeking and search process often lack a full knowledge of the context surrounding the search. This context may vary depending on the job or role of the person; individual characteristics such as personality, domain knowledge, age, gender, perception of self, etc.; the task at hand; the source and the channel and their degree of accessibility and usability; and the relationship that the seeker shares with the source. Yet researchers have yet to agree on what context really means. While there have been various research studies incorporating context, and biennial conferences on context in information behavior, there lacks a clear definition of what context is, what its boundaries are, and what elements and variables comprise context. In this book, we look at the many definitions of and the theoretical and empirical studies on context, and I attempt to map the conceptual space of context in information behavior. I propose theoretical frameworks to map the boundaries, elements, and variables of context. I then discuss how to incorporate these frameworks and variables in the design of research studies on context. We then arrive at a unified definition of context. This book should provide designers of search systems a better understanding of context as they seek to meet the needs and demands of information seekers. It will be an important resource for researchers in Library and Information Science, especially doctoral students looking for one resource that covers an exhaustive range of the most current literature related to context, the best selection of classics, and a synthesis of these into theoretical frameworks and a unified definition. The book should help to move forward research in the field by clarifying the elements, variables, and views that are pertinent. In particular, the list of elements to be considered, and the variables associated with each element will be extremely useful to researchers wanting to include the influences of context in their studies.

LCSH

Context / aware computing

Subject

Context / aware computing

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Abstract

Let us start with a simple scenario: a man asks a woman "how high is Mount Everest?" The woman replies "29,029 feet." Nothing could be simpler. Now let us suppose that rather than standing in a room, or sitting on a bus, the man is at his desk and the woman is 300 miles away with the conversation taking place using e-mail. Still simple? Certainly--it happens every day. So why all the bother about digital (virtual, electronic, chat, etc.) reference? If the man is a pilot flying over Mount Everest, the answer matters. If you are a lawyer going to court, the identity of the woman is very important. Also, if you ever want to find the answer again, how that transaction took place matters a lot. Digital reference is a deceptively simple concept on its face: "the incorporation of human expertise into the information system." This lecture seeks to explore the question of how human expertise is incorporated into a variety of information systems, from libraries, to digital libraries, to information retrieval engines, to knowledge bases. What we learn through this endeavor, begun primarily in the library context, is that the models, methods, standards, and experiments in digital reference have wide applicability. We also catch a glimpse of an unfolding future in which ubiquitous computing makes the identification, interaction, and capture of expertise increasingly important. It is a future that is much more complex than we had anticipated. It is a future in which documents and artifacts are less important than the contexts of their creation and use.

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Abstract

This book questions our beliefs in the role of the information profession, but also sets out the issues in a much wider context of different subjects and disciplines. It develops the idea of the knowledge culture and knowledge work and goes on the expand how information needs to be shared and not hoarded as in the traditional role of libraries and keepers of knowledge. This excellent book provides an insight into the future of the profession and is essential reading for all information professionals

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Abstract

An in-depth analysis of strategic management concepts and techniques and how they can be usefully applied to the planning and delivery of information services. Offers practical guidance on the strategy process from appraisal and assessment through to implementation and improvement. Examines the environment in which planning takes place, and financial management issues.Annotated references to management and information service literature.Includes further reading and index. Sheila Corrall is the University Librarian at the University of Reading. She has worked as an information specialist, manager and consultant in public, and national academic libraries. At the British Library, her roles included policy and planning support to top management and responsibility for a portfolio of revenue-earning services in science, technology, patents and business information.

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Date

22.10.2005 19:29:16

Footnote

The real core of the SRVP, that is, the VRT training activities actually utilized by Washington State, are presented in Chapter Seven in roughly the same order as they took place in the course (train the trainer, orientation, chat practice, multitasking skills, virtual field trips, secret patron, transcript review, checking out the competition, policy and procedure review, sharing via a discussion list, and online meetings). Most interestingly, Chapter Eight deals with behavior, an issue rarely discussed in the context of librarianship, let alone providing reference services. As stated by the authors, "the most difficult aspect of digital reference service involves incorporating model reference interview techniques into an online transaction" (p. 74). The SVRP utilized an "online secret patron scenario" as a training tool that helped the student get the question straight, kept the customer informed, and provided the information required by the patron. The final chapter of the book reviews the important tasks of evaluation, modification, and follow-up. To that end, evaluative material is described and linked to Appendix A (assessment tools). In addition, evaluative tasks such as trainer debriefings and consultation with others participating in the SVRP are described. Finally, the chapter includes examples of unexpected consequences experienced in evaluating VRT services (from total inability to handle online transactions to poor marketing or branding of online services). Many useful appendices are included in this book. Appendix A provides examples of several assessment tools used during the "Anytime, Anywhere Answers" program. Appendix B consists of actual transcripts (edited) designed to illustrate good and bad virtual reference transactions. The transcripts illustrate transactions involving helping with homework, source citing, providing an opinion, suggesting print materials, and clarifying a question. This appendix should be required reading as it provides real-world examples of VRT in action. Appendix C is a copy of a VRT field trip questionnaire. The next appendix, like Appendix B, should be required reading as it includes an actual transcript from seven secret patron scenarios. A policies and procedures checklist is provided in Appendix E. Yet another critical source of information is presented in Appendix F, online meeting transcript. This transcript is the result of an online meeting conducted during a VRSP training class held in 2003. According to the authors, it is an example of the positive working relationship developed during a five-week learning course. The remaining appendices (G through 1) present information about support materials used in the VSRP, the VSRP budget, and trainer notes and tips. Clearly, VRT is a skill and resource that information professionals need to embrace, and this book does a fine job of outlining the essentials. It is apparent that the Washington State experience with VRT was a pioneering venture and is a model that other information professionals may seek to embrace, if not emulate, in developing their own VRT programs. However, this book is not a "complete guide" to VRT. There is too rapid development in virtual environments for any one to claim such an achievement. However, it is likely the most "complete" guide to the Washington State experience that will be published; therefore, this book should serve as a thorough and revelatory guide to VRT for several years to come."

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Classification

327.12 22

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Abstract

The 4th edition of this popular and well-cited text is now co-authored, and includes significant changes from earlier texts. Presenting a comprehensive review of over a century of research on information behavior (IB), this book is intended for students in information studies and disciplines interested in research on information activities. The initial two chapters introduce IB as a multi-disciplinary topic, the 3rd provides a brief history of research on information seeking. Chapter four discusses what is meant by the terms "information" and "knowledge. "Chapter five discusses "information needs," and how they are addressed. The 6th chapter identifies many related concepts. Twelve models of information behavior (expanded from earlier editions) are illustrated in chapter seven. Chapter eight reviews various paradigms and theories informing IB research. Chapter nine examines research methods invoked in IB studies and a discussion of qualitative and mixed approaches. The 10th chapter gives examples of IB studies by context. The final chapter looks at strengths and weaknesses, recent trends, and future development.

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Abstract

'I wish that I had been able to obtain such a guide when I started dealing with enquiries' - "Managing Information". 'By the time I got to it 3 staff had noticed it on the desk and written a note saying really good and can we have a copy' - "BBOB News". 'This is certainly a comforting and very useful guide for the information worker, particularly inexperienced or unqualified, staffing a general enquiry desk' - "New Library World". There is a queue, the phone is ringing, the photocopier has jammed and your enquirer is waiting for a response. You are stressed and you can feel the panic rising. Where do you go to find the information you need to answer the question promptly and accurately?Answering queries from users is one of the most important services undertaken by library and information staff. Yet it is also one of the most difficult, least understood subjects. There are still very few materials available to help frontline staff - often paraprofessional - develop their reader enquiry skills. This award-winning sourcebook is an essential guide to where to look to find the answers quickly. It is designed as a first point of reference for library and information practitioners, to be depended upon if they are unfamiliar with the subject of an enquiry - or wish to find out more. It is arranged in an easily searchable, fully cross-referenced A-Z list of around 150 of the subject areas most frequently handled at enquiry desks.Each subject entry lists the most important information sources and where to locate them, including printed and electronic sources, relevant websites and useful contacts for referral purposes. The authors use their extensive experience in reference work to offer useful tips, warn of potential pitfalls, and spotlight typical queries and how to tackle them. This new edition has been brought right up-to-date with all sources checked for currency and many new ones added. The searchability is enhanced by a comprehensive index to make those essential sources even easier to find - saving you valuable minutes! Offering quick and easy pointers to a multitude of information sources, this is an invaluable reference deskbook for all library and information staff in need of a speedy answer, in reference libraries, subject departments and other information units.

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Footnote

Overall, Ronan's book serves as an excellent guide for librarians interested in launching chat reference services and provides a particularly comprehensive overview of software and considerations for selection and expansion. However, the strong focus an basic hands-on setup, administration, and management may limit the appeal of the book for other readers interested in exploring issues of chat reference service in a larger context-such as whether library schools are adequately preparing the next generation of librarians to function in this new virtual environment, or whether the volume of chat reference traffic sufficiently justifies a refocusing of resources and staffing from e-mail, telephone, and face-to-face service points, especially in a 24/7 context. As chat reference moves beyond text into voice and video, and as the current chat start-ups either disappear or become strongly integrated within digital libraries, there will be a continuing need for writers such as Ronan to move beyond the basics and guide us in considering the next steps and the transformations that online reference services are both creating and reflecting within our libraries and the larger society."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 53(2002) no.4, S.321-322 (I. Fourie): "A substantial literature exists on artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems in general, as well as in Library and Information Science (LIS). Many reports are over-confident and grossly exaggerate the power and potential of artificial intelligence (AI). This is especially true of the first phase of At, and to some extent also of the third phase that is stimulated by developments surrounding the Internet. The middle phase was mostly marked by disillusionment about the potential of Al and expert systems. The confusion around the promises made by AI and the lack of operational success, leaves managers of library and information services with the dilemma of distinguishing between worthwhile research reporting on operational projects and projects that exists only on paper or in the researchers' heads. It is very difficult to sieve between the two when working through the subject literature, and to distinguish between working technology/applications and wishful thinking. This might be one reason why working systems are sometimes ignored. According to Lancaster and Warner, library managers must also look much wider than the LIS literature to note new trends; this can, however, become a daunting task. Against this background the authors report on a study conducted with the support of the Special Libraries Association's Steven I. Goldspiel Memorial Research Grant. The objective of the study was to gain sufficient familiarity with the developments in Al and related technologies to make recommendations to the information service community on what can be applied, and what to expect in the near future. The intention therefore was to focus on systems that are actually operational, and systems that hold potential for the future. Since digital libraries seems an inevitable part of our future, applications concerning them features strongly in the final recommendations. The scope of AI in Library and Information Science depends on the interpretation of the concepts artificial intelligence and expert systems. "If a system has to `behave intelligently' (e.g. make inferences or learn from its mistakes) to qualify as having AI, few such systems exist in any application. On the other hand, if one accepts that a system exhibits AI if its does things that humans need intelligence to do, many more systems would qualify" (p. 107). One example is the field of subject indexing. The same would apply if a more relaxed definition of expert systems is applied as a system that "can help the non-expert perform some task at a level closer to that of an expert, whether or not all the essential components are in place" (p. 107). Most of the AI literature relevant to libraries falls in the field of expert systems. Lancaster and Warner identify (p. 6) expert systems as " a branch of artificial intelligence, even though very few expert systems exhibit true intelligence.""

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Abstract

Academic librarians have a long and rich tradition of collaborating with discipline-based faculty members to advance the mission and goals of the library. Included in this tradition is the area of information literacy, a foundation skill for academic success and a key component of independent, lifelong learning. With the rise of the general education reform movement on many campuses resurfacing in the last decade, libraries have been able to move beyond course-integrated library instruction into a formal planning role for general education programmatic offerings. This article shows the value of 1. strategic alliances, developed over time, to establish information literacy as a foundation for student learning; 2. strong partnerships within a multicampus higher education system to promote and advance information literacy efforts; and 3. assessment as a key component of outcomes-based information literacy activities.

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Abstract

This work tackles one of the fundamental problems of information management - how to get the right information to the right person at the right time. It provides a practical framework to enable information services to gather information from users in order to aid information system design, and to monitor the effectiveness of an information service. This new edition has been fully revised and now has increased coverage of the Internet. The Web raises many problems when it comes to meeting information needs - authority and overload, for example - and these problems make an effective information needs analysis even more crucial. There is a new methodology section on Web log analysis and focus group interviews. Practical advice is given concerning interview technique and an interview schedule is included.

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Date

9. 3.1997 20:48:29

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Date

9. 3.1997 20:48:29
30. 6.2005 20:52:22

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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.6, S.471 (N. Corral)

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Date

25. 3.2003 13:22:23

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Abstract

If your customers don't sleep, why should your reference service? Online library reference services available 24/7 are offered in a growing number of institutions. With many models to choose from and more details to be worked out, it is a critical time for librarians to assess their patrons' needs and market their services to address these needs. Collecting and documenting what thousands of virtual reference librarians have learned over the past few years, this comprehensive guide provides a needed overview to help new and aspiring virtual reference library departments to understand the entire process and its ramifications. In a text supplemented with checklists so no key element is forgotten, this reference offers the real-world answers from Ieading experts to the most common questions: - Where has Web-based library reference come from and where is it going? - What is the best digital reference software to address specific needs? - How do they get hired and trained? - When and how does a library market such a radial new Service? - Why are evaluations and system enhancerncnts critical to the future of digital reference? With a look into the costs, and a look into the future, supplemented with the most comprehensive bibliography available an the topic, Going Live is a one-stop resource for getting started in digital reference services.

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Date

29. 9.2001 19:00:02

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Date

29. 7.2002 11:02:10