-
Ma, Y.; Diodato, V.: Icons as visual form of knowledge representation on the World Wide Web : a semiotic analysis (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article compares the indexing structure of icons with principles used for traditional indexing. The investigators apply fourteen traditional indexing principles to study and demonstrate whether traditional principles of indexing are applicable for icon analysis. One of the fourteen indexing principles is first chosen for this analysis. A sample of fifteen library homepages is drawn from the total population of the United States library homepages. The investigators examine the structure of the selected homepages and non-icon information on the homepages. They examine icons as a visual form of knowledge representation (the structure and features of the icons) to determine how icons are representative of the information to which they are linked. The investigators assess how the icons on each library homepage satisfy the indexing principle chosen for the study. The article also provides an analysis of meanings of these icons. The investigators use semiotics theory to study the icons. The icons on the homepages of the WWW carry meaning dependent on the syntax of their use. They also carry paradigmatic meanings derived from other systems or domains. Codes and syntax are culturally constructed, which shape the meaning of messages conveyed in the icons. This study demonstrates whether traditional indexing principles are applicable for icons analysis in the WWW environment. It is hoped that the study will help designers of WWW homepages employ icon features that communicate effectively to their users and suggest using icons as a visual form for knowledge representation on the WWW
-
Assadi, H.; Beauvisage, T.: ¬A comparative study of six french-speaking Web directories (2003)
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- Abstract
- This paper presents a comparative study of six French-language Web directories (MSN, Nomade, Open Directory, Voila, Voila Pages Perso, and Yahoo). The study focuses an the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the organization of these directories, and an the way in which they describe sites. It reveals a wide variety of structures, content and organizational principles. In this respect, Web directories do not correspond to classic theories of classification. They highlight the difficulty of proposing a structured representation of the heterogeneous content of the Web.
- Source
- Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas
-
Wang, H.; Wang, C.: Ontologies for universal information systems (1995)
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- Abstract
- The increasing complexity of problems addressed by massively distributed information systems has led to the development of worldwide information systems, such as the WWW and Hyper-G. Presents a conceptual framework for those systems using a knowledge representation language, Telos, by concentrating on the semantics of their domains. The framework is developed and based on careful analysis and abstraction of those existing systems. By creating a rich and precise conceptual framework, provides a foundation for the specification and implementation of future universal information systems.
-
Polanco, X.: Clusters, graphs, and networks for analyzing Internet-Web-supported communication within a virtual community (2003)
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- Abstract
- The proposal is to use clusters, graphs and networks as models in order to analyse the Web structure. Clusters, graphs and networks provide knowledge representation and organization. Clusters were generated by co-site analysis. The sample is a set of academic Web sites from the countries belonging to the European Union. These clusters are here revisited from the point of view of graph theory and social network analysis. This is a quantitative and structural analysis. In fact, the Internet is a computer network that connects people and organizations. Thus we may consider it to be a social network. The set of Web academic sites represents an empirical social network, and is viewed as a virtual community. The network structural properties are here analysed applying together cluster analysis, graph theory and social network analysis. This is a work having taken place in the EICSTES project. EICSTES means European Indicators, Cyberspace, and the Science-Technology-Economy System. It is a research project supported by the Fifth Framework Program of R&D of the European Commission (IST-1999-20350)
- Source
- Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas
-
Li, R.: ¬The representation of national political freedom on Web interface design : the indicators (2009)
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- Abstract
- This study is designed to validate 10 Power Distance indicators identified from previous research on cultural dimensions to establish a measurement for determining a country's national political freedom represented on Web content and interface design. Two coders performed content analysis on 156 college/university Web sites selected from 39 countries. One-way analysis of variance was applied to analyze each of the proposed 10 indicators to detect statistical significant differences among means of the three freedom groups (free-country group, partly-free-country group, and not-free-country group). The results indicated that 6 of the 10 proposed indicators could be used to measure a country's national political freedom on Web interface design. The seventh indicator, symmetric layout, demonstrated a negative correlation between the freedom level and the Web representation of Power Distance. The last three proposed indicators failed to show any significant differences among the treatment means, and there are no clear trend patterns for the treatment means of the three freedom groups. By examining national political freedom represented on Web pages, this study not only provides an insight into cultural dimensions and Web interface design but also advances our knowledge in sociological and cultural studies of the Web.
-
Ghiselli, C.; Padula, M.: ¬A unified access to extract knowledge from heterogeneous Web archives (2001)
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- Abstract
- This paper proposes the integration of tools to provide unified access to remote and heterogeneous archives, the contents of which can be grouped under the same subject, and which have been integrated to allow the user to navigate and conduct thematic searches. The information sources are locally frequently modified, added to, and removed, therefore attention has been paid to the permanence of their references. Source interoperability is supported at language, protocol and schema levels. The architecture is based on a new common schema of the archives which is defined in new representation and query languages on the basis of an ontology to avoid misunderstanding and ambiguity.
-
Aldana, J.F.; Gómez, A.C.; Moreno, N.; Nebro, A.J.; Roldán, M.M.: Metadata functionality for semantic Web integration (2003)
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- Abstract
- We propose an extension of a mediator architecture. This extension is oriented to ontology-driven data integration. In our architecture ontologies are not managed by an extemal component or service, but are integrated in the mediation layer. This approach implies rethinking the mediator design, but at the same time provides advantages from a database perspective. Some of these advantages include the application of optimization and evaluation techniques that use and combine information from all abstraction levels (physical schema, logical schema and semantic information defined by ontology). 1. Introduction Although the Web is probably the richest information repository in human history, users cannot specify what they want from it. Two major problems that arise in current search engines (Heflin, 2001) are: a) polysemy, when the same word is used with different meanings; b) synonymy, when two different words have the same meaning. Polysemy causes irrelevant information retrieval. On the other hand, synonymy produces lost of useful documents. The lack of a capability to understand the context of the words and the relationships among required terms, explains many of the lost and false results produced by search engines. The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, giving semantic relationships among terms and possibly avoiding the previous problems. Various proposals have appeared for meta-data representation and communication standards, and other services and tools that may eventually merge into the global Semantic Web (Berners-lee, 2001). Hopefully, in the next few years we will see the universal adoption of open standards for representation and sharing of meta-information. In this environment, software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users (Berners-Lee, 2001). In this context, ontologies can be seen as metadata that represent semantic of data; providing a knowledge domain standard vocabulary, like DTDs and XML Schema do. If its pages were so structured, the Web could be seen as a heterogeneous collection of autonomous databases. This suggests that techniques developed in the Database area could be useful. Database research mainly deals with efficient storage and retrieval and with powerful query languages.
- Source
- Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas
-
Bachiochi, D.: Usability studies and designing navigational aids for the World Wide Web (1997)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1489-1496
-
Wiley, D.L.: ¬The organizational politics of the World Wide Web (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 1.1999 18:41:46
- Source
- Internet reference services quarterly. 3(1998) no.2, S.23-29
-
Moore, A.: As I sit studying : WWW-based reference services (1998)
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- Date
- 17. 7.1998 22:10:42
- Source
- Internet reference services quarterly. 3(1998) no.1, S.29-36
-
Davis, E.; Stone, J.: ¬A painless route on to the Web : Web services 1: The Royal Postgraduate Medical School (1997)
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- Date
- 29. 7.1998 21:22:27
-
Broder, A.Z.: Syntactic clustering of the Web (1997)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1157-1166
-
Hadjiefthymiades, S.P.; Martakos, D.I.: Improving the performance of CGI compliant database gateways (1997)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1291-1304
-
Spertus, E.: ParaSite : mining structural information on the Web (1997)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1205-1215
-
Vaerenbergh, J. van: Internet in all public libraries : a major government initiative in Flanders (Belgium) (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 2.1999 13:29:56
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Andrade, T.C.; Dodebei, V.: Traces of digitized newspapers and bom-digital news sites : a trail to the memory on the internet (2016)
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- Date
- 19. 1.2019 17:42:22
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a sustainable world: challenges and perspectives for cultural, scientific, and technological sharing in a connected society : proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / organized by International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO-Brazil, São Paulo State University ; edited by José Augusto Chaves Guimarães, Suellen Oliveira Milani, Vera Dodebei
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Qin, J.; Wesley, K.: Web indexing with meta fields : a survey of Web objects in polymer chemistry (1998)
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- Abstract
- Reports results of a study of 4 WWW search engines: AltaVista; Lycos; Excite and WebCrawler to collect data on Web objects on polymer chemistry. 1.037 Web objects were examined for data in 4 categories: document information; use of meta fields; use of images and use of chemical names. Issues raised included: whether to provide metadata elements for parts of entities or whole entities only, the use of metasyntax, problems in representation of special types of objects, and whether links should be considered when encoding metadata. Use of metafields was not widespread in the sample and knowledge of metafields in HTML varied greatly among Web object creators. The study formed part of a metadata project funded by the OCLC Library and Information Science Research Grant Program
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Watters, C.; Wang, H.: Rating new documents for similarity (2000)
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- Abstract
- Electronic news has long held the promise of personalized and dynamic delivery of current event new items, particularly for Web users. Although wlwctronic versions of print news are now widely available, the personalization of that delivery has not yet been accomplished. In this paper, we present a methodology of associating news documents based on the extraction of feature phrases, where feature phrases identify dates, locations, people and organizations. A news representation is created from these feature phrases to define news objects that can then be compared and ranked to find related news items. Unlike tradtional information retrieval, we are much more interested in precision than recall. That is, the user would like to see one or more specifically related articles, rather than all somewhat related articles. The algorithm is designed to work interactively the the user using regular web browsers as the interface
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Larson, R.R.; Carson, C.: Information access for a digital library : Cheshire II and the Berkeley environment digital library (1999)
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- Abstract
- The Cheshire II system was originally developed to provide a bridge from conventional online library catalogs to full-text online resources. Recently we have begun using the system to implement full-text and fielded searching of bibliographic information for the UC Berkeley Digital Library Initiative project sponsored by NSF, NASA and ARPA. The Cheshire system is also being used to provide scalable performance for image querying using the "Blobworld" image representation. This paper will review the characteristics of the Cheshire II system and examine its performance and behavior when applied to a collection of large full-text documents in the TREC Interactive Retrieval Track and its performance in Blobworld image searching
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Lucas, H.: Representing WWW navigational data : a graphical methodology to support qualitative analysis (1998)
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- Abstract
- The growth of medical, academic resources on the World Wide Web has led to much greater incentives and opportunities for nursing and medical students, researchers and practitioners to access Web resources. However, usersindividual differences and the variety of information-retrieval mechanisms provided by medical web resources may combine to reduce the benefits of this information resource. In a study designed to qualitatively analyse the interaction of such individual- and system-differences, a reliable method of representing WWW navigational data was found to be important in assisting traditional methodologies of representation and analysis. The methodology of graphically representing such navigational data, and the support such a technique may offer the qualitative analysis of user-system interactions, is thus described in detail and with reference to one specific example drawn from the data collected. Further, some preliminary findings deriving from the use of graphical and more traditional methodologies in this study are also represented
