Search (59 results, page 1 of 3)

  • × language_ss:"e"
  • × theme_ss:"Multilinguale Probleme"
  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Wang, J.-H.; Teng, J.-W.; Lu, W.-H.; Chien, L.-F.: Exploiting the Web as the multilingual corpus for unknown query translation (2006) 0.13 
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    Abstract
    Users' cross-lingual queries to a digital library system might be short and the query terms may not be included in a common translation dictionary (unknown terms). In this article, the authors investigate the feasibility of exploiting the Web as the multilingual corpus source to translate unknown query terms for cross-language information retrieval in digital libraries. They propose a Webbased term translation approach to determine effective translations for unknown query terms by mining bilingual search-result pages obtained from a real Web search engine. This approach can enhance the construction of a domain-specific bilingual lexicon and bring multilingual support to a digital library that only has monolingual document collections. Very promising results have been obtained in generating effective translation equivalents for many unknown terms, including proper nouns, technical terms, and Web query terms, and in assisting bilingual lexicon construction for a real digital library system.
  2. Airio, E.: Who benefits from CLIR in web retrieval? (2008) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The aim of the current paper is to test whether query translation is beneficial in web retrieval. Design/methodology/approach - The language pairs were Finnish-Swedish, English-German and Finnish-French. A total of 12-18 participants were recruited for each language pair. Each participant performed four retrieval tasks. The author's aim was to compare the performance of the translated queries with that of the target language queries. Thus, the author asked participants to formulate a source language query and a target language query for each task. The source language queries were translated into the target language utilizing a dictionary-based system. In English-German, also machine translation was utilized. The author used Google as the search engine. Findings - The results differed depending on the language pair. The author concluded that the dictionary coverage had an effect on the results. On average, the results of query-translation were better than in the traditional laboratory tests. Originality/value - This research shows that query translation in web is beneficial especially for users with moderate and non-active language skills. This is valuable information for developers of cross-language information retrieval systems.
  3. Clough, P.; Sanderson, M.: User experiments with the Eurovision Cross-Language Image Retrieval System (2006) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    In this article the authors present Eurovision, a textbased system for cross-language (CL) image retrieval. The system is evaluated by multilingual users for two search tasks with the system configured in English and five other languages. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published set of user experiments for CL image retrieval. They show that (a) it is possible to create a usable multilingual search engine using little knowledge of any language other than English, (b) categorizing images assists the user's search, and (c) there are differences in the way users search between the proposed search tasks. Based on the two search tasks and user feedback, they describe important aspects of any CL image retrieval system.
  4. Baliková, M.: Looking for the best way of subject access (2008) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    M-CAST which stands for »Multilingual Content Aggregation System based on TRUST Search Engine« is a multilingual indexing and retrieval system based on semantic technology; it allows asking a question in one language and finding an exact answer in digitalized resources in different languages. It can serve as a monolingual query-answering system as well. Presently, we have a prototype of the M-CAST system; it was developed to evaluate both retrieval effectiveness and correctness of the interpretation process and has been tested in real-world situations. Further research will be done to increase the capabilities of the system. The M-CAST question-answering could be applied in both digital and hybrid libraries, because it enables to pose questions using either a set of search terms or natural-language questions. In addition, it enables to narrow a search in advanced search module using UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) system, which is widely used in libraries.
  5. Chung, W.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, Z.; Wang, G.; Ong, T.-H.; Chen, H.: Internet searching and browsing in a multilingual world : an experiment an the Chinese Business Intelligence Portal (CBizPort) (2004) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    The rapid growth of the non-English-speaking Internet population has created a need for better searching and browsing capabilities in languages other than English. However, existing search engines may not serve the needs of many non-English-speaking Internet users. In this paper, we propose a generic and integrated approach to searching and browsing the Internet in a multilingual world. Based an this approach, we have developed the Chinese Business Intelligence Portal (CBizPort), a meta-search engine that searches for business information of mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Additional functions provided by CBizPort include encoding conversion (between Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese), summarization, and categorization. Experimental results of our user evaluation study show that the searching and browsing performance of CBizPort was comparable to that of regional Chinese search engines, and CBizPort could significantly augment these search engines. Subjects' verbal comments indicate that CBizPort performed best in terms of analysis functions, cross-regional searching, and user-friendliness, whereas regional search engines were more efficient and more popular. Subjects especially liked CBizPort's summarizer and categorizer, which helped in understanding search results. These encouraging results suggest a promising future of our approach to Internet searching and browsing in a multilingual world.
  6. Kralisch, A.; Berendt, B.: Language-sensitive search behaviour and the role of domain knowledge (2005) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    While many websites aim at a large and linguistically diversified audience, they present their information mostly in the languages of larger speakers groups. Little is known about the effect on accessibility. We investigated the influence of a site's language offer on website access and search behaviour with two studies, and studied the interaction of language offers and domain knowledge. To achieve high ecological validity, we analysed data from a multilingual site's web-server logfile and from a questionnaire posted on it, and compared the behaviour of users who accessed the site in a non-native language to that of users who accessed it in their native language. Results from 277,809 user sessions and 165 international survey participants indicate that a website's languages may strongly reduce website access by users not supplied with information in their native language. Once inside a site, non-native speakers with high domain knowledge behave similarly to native speakers. However, non-native speakers' behaviour becomes language-sensitive when they have low domain knowledge.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Minority languages, multimedia and the Web"
  7. Landry, P.: Multilingual subject access : the linking approach of MACS (2004) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    In line with the international flavour of the book, Patrice Landry looks at the multilingual problem. This chapter is mainly concerned with a review of MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects); a project with the strategy of developing a Web-based link and search interface through which equivalents between three Subject Heading Languages can be created and maintained, and by which users can access online databases in the language of their choice. The three systems in the project are German, French and English language. With the dramatic spread of use of the Web, particularly in the Far East, such projects are going to be increasingly valuable and important.
  8. Li, Q.; Chen, Y.P.; Myaeng, S.-H.; Jin, Y.; Kang, B.-Y.: Concept unification of terms in different languages via web mining for Information Retrieval (2009) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    For historical and cultural reasons, English phrases, especially proper nouns and new words, frequently appear in Web pages written primarily in East Asian languages such as Chinese, Korean, and Japanese. Although such English terms and their equivalences in these East Asian languages refer to the same concept, they are often erroneously treated as independent index units in traditional Information Retrieval (IR). This paper describes the degree to which the problem arises in IR and proposes a novel technique to solve it. Our method first extracts English terms from native Web documents in an East Asian language, and then unifies the extracted terms and their equivalences in the native language as one index unit. For Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), one of the major hindrances to achieving retrieval performance at the level of Mono-Lingual Information Retrieval (MLIR) is the translation of terms in search queries which can not be found in a bilingual dictionary. The Web mining approach proposed in this paper for concept unification of terms in different languages can also be applied to solve this well-known challenge in CLIR. Experimental results based on NTCIR and KT-Set test collections show that the high translation precision of our approach greatly improves performance of both Mono-Lingual and Cross-Language Information Retrieval.
  9. Freyre, E.; Naudi, M.: MACS : subject access across languages and networks (2003) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    This paper explains how MACS meets the challenge of multilingualism created by the new network environment. Based an the equality of languages and making use of work already carried out by the partners, the MACS project sets up equivalences between subject heading languages. It enables in this way, with a monolingual subject search, to retrieve all the pertinent documents held in catalogues in different languages. This process is very different from traditional translation; it frees the search language from the language of the catalogue and creates a multilingual dictionary of subject heading languages that has a promising future for various applications. The federative approach of networked cooperation has enabled the MACS team to set up a flexible and pragmatic solution to the problem of multilingual searching. The service aims to be fully operational in 2002, and may currently be tested an the Web.
  10. Landry, P.: MACS update : moving toward a link management production database (2003) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Introduction Multilingualism has long been an issue that have been discussed and debated at ELAG conferences. Members of ELAG have generally considered the role of automation as an important factor in the development of multilingual subject access solutions. It is quite fitting that in the context of this year's theme of "Cross language applications and the web" that the latest development of the MACS project be presented. As the title indicates, this presentation will focus an the latest development of the Link management Interface (LMI) which is the pivotal tool of the MACS multilingual subject access solution. It will update the presentation given by Genevieve ClavelMerrin at last year's ELAG 2002 Conference in Rome. That presentation gave a thorough description of the work that had been undertaken since 1997. In particular, G. Clavel-Merrin described the development of the MACS prototype in which the mechanisms for the establishment and management of links between subject heading languages (SHLs) and the user search interface had been implemented.
    Conclusion After a few years of design work and testing, it now appears that the MACS project is almost ready to move to production. The latest LMI release has shown that it can be used in a federated work network and that it is robust enough to manage many thousands of links. Once in the production phase, consideration should be given to extend MACS to other SHLs in other languages. There is still a great interest from other CENL members to participate in this project and the consortium structure will need to be finalised in order to incorporate gradually and successfully new partners in the MACS system. Work will also continue to improve the Search Interface (SI) before it can be successfully integrated in each of the partners OPAC. In this context, some form of access to the local authority files should be investigated so that users can select the most appropriate heading within each subject hierarchies before sending their search to the different target databases. Testing of Z39.50 access to the partners' library catalogues will also continue to further refine search results. The long range prospect of the MACS initiative will have to be addressed in the foreseeable future. Financial as well as institutional support will need to be reinforced and possibly new types of partnership identified. As the need to improve subject access continues to be an issue for many European national libraries, MACS will hopefully remain a viable tool for ensuring cross-language access. One of the potential targets is the TEL project. Within the scope of that initiative, is it possible and useful to envisage the integration of MACS in TEL as an additional access point? It is worth stating the question in light of the challenge to European national libraries to offer improved access to their collections.
  11. Landry, P.: Multilingual subject access : the linking approach of MACS (2004) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The MACS (Multilingual access to subjects) project is one of the many projects that are currently exploring solutions to multilingual subject access to online catalogs. Its strategy is to develop a Web based link and search interface through which equivalents between three Subject Heading Languages: SWD/RSWK (Schlagwortnormdatei/Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog) for German, RAMEAU (Repertoire d'Autorite-Matière Encyclopedique et Alphabetique Unifie) for French and LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) for English can be created and maintained, and by which users can access online databases in the language of their choice. Factors that have lead to this approach will be examined and the MACS linking strategy will be explained. The trend to using mapping or linking strategies between different controlled vocabularies to create multilingual access challenges the traditional view of the multilingual thesaurus.
  12. Bian, G.-W.; Chen, H.-H.: Cross-language information access to multilingual collections on the Internet (2000) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Language barrier is the major problem that people face in searching for, retrieving, and understanding multilingual collections on the Internet. This paper deals with query translation and document translation in a Chinese-English information retrieval system called MTIR. Bilingual dictionary and monolingual corpus-based approaches are adopted to select suitable tranlated query terms. A machine transliteration algorithm is introduced to resolve proper name searching. We consider several design issues for document translation, including which material is translated, what roles the HTML tags play in translation, what the tradeoff is between the speed performance and the translation performance, and what from the translated result is presented in. About 100.000 Web pages translated in the last 4 months of 1997 are used for quantitative study of online and real-time Web page translation
    Date
    16. 2.2000 14:22:39
  13. Dilevko, J.; Dali, K.: ¬The challenge of building multilingual collections in Canadian public libraries (2002) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    A Web-based survey was conducted to determine the extent to which Canadian public libraries are collecting multilingual materials (foreign languages other than English and French), the methods that they use to select these materials, and whether public librarians are sufficiently prepared to provide their multilingual clientele with an adequate range of materials and services. There is room for improvement with regard to collection development of multilingual materials in Canadian public libraries, as well as in educating staff about keeping multilingual collections current, diverse, and of sufficient interest to potential users to keep such materials circulating. The main constraints preventing public libraries from developing better multilingual collections are addressed, and recommendations for improving the state of multilingual holdings are provided.
    Date
    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
  14. Levergood, B.; Farrenkopf, S.; Frasnelli, E.: ¬The specification of the language of the field and interoperability : cross-language access to catalogues and online libraries (CACAO) (2008) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The CACAO Project (Cross-language Access to Catalogues and Online Libraries) has been designed to implement natural language processing and cross-language information retrieval techniques to provide cross-language access to information in libraries, a critical issue in the linguistically diverse European Union. This project report addresses two metadata-related challenges for the library community in this context: "false friends" (identical words having different meanings in different languages) and term ambiguity. The possible solutions involve enriching the metadata with attributes specifying language or the source authority file, or associating potential search terms to classes in a classification system. The European Library will evaluate an early implementation of this work in late 2008.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
  15. Cunliffe, D.; Herring, S.C.: Introduction to minority languages, multimedia and the Web (2005) 0.02 
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    Content
    Einleitung in ein Themenheft "Minority languages, multimedia and the Web"
  16. Freitas-Junior, H.R.; Ribeiro-Neto, B.A.; Freitas-Vale, R. de; Laender, A.H.F.; Lima, L.R.S. de: Categorization-driven cross-language retrieval of medical information (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The Web has become a large repository of documents (or pages) written in many different languages. In this context, traditional information retrieval (IR) techniques cannot be used whenever the user query and the documents being retrieved are in different languages. To address this problem, new cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) techniques have been proposed. In this work, we describe a method for cross-language retrieval of medical information. This method combines query terms and related medical concepts obtained automatically through a categorization procedure. The medical concepts are used to create a linguistic abstraction that allows retrieval of information in a language-independent way, minimizing linguistic problems such as polysemy. To evaluate our method, we carried out experiments using the OHSUMED test collection, whose documents are written in English, with queries expressed in Portuguese, Spanish, and French. The results indicate that our cross-language retrieval method is as effective as a standard vector space model algorithm operating on queries and documents in the same language. Further, our results are better than previous results in the literature.
    Date
    22. 7.2006 16:46:36
  17. Fulford, H.: Monolingual or multilingual web sites? : An exploratory study of UK SMEs (2000) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The strategic importance of the internet as a tool for penetrating global markets is increasingly being realized by UK-based SMEs (Small- Medium-sized Enterprises). This may be evidenced by the proliferation over the past few years of SME web sites promoting products and services, and more recently still by the growing number of SMEs offering facilities on their web sites for conducting business transactions online. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study considering the use being made of the world wide web by UK-based SMEs. The study is focussed on the strategies SMEs are employing to communicate via the web with an international client base. We investigate in particular the languages being used to present web content, considering specifically the extent to which English is being employed. Preliminary results obtained to date suggest that there is heavy reliance on the assumption that the language of the web is English. Based on the findings of our study, we discuss some of the performance and competition issues surrounding the use of foreign languages in business, and consider some of the possible barriers to SMEs creating multilingual web sites. We conclude by making some recommendations for SMEs endeavouring to establish a multilingual online presence, and note the strategic role to be played by web designers, IT consultants, business strategists, professional translators, and localization specialists to help achieve this presence effectively and professionally
  18. Cunliffe, D.; Jones, H.; Jarvis, M.; Egan, K.; Huws, R.; Munro, S,: Information architecture for bilingual Web sites (2002) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Creating an information architecture for a bilingual Web site presents particular challenges beyond those that exist for single and multilanguage sites. This article reports work in progress an the development of a contentbased bilingual Web site to facilitate the sharing of resources and information between Speech and Language Therapists. The development of the information architecture is based an a combination of two aspects: an abstract structural analysis of existing bilingual Web designs focusing an the presentation of bilingual material, and a bilingual card-sorting activity conducted with potential users. Issues for bilingual developments are discussed, and some observations are made regarding the use of card-sorting activities.
  19. Subirats, I.; Prasad, A.R.D.; Keizer, J.; Bagdanov, A.: Implementation of rich metadata formats and demantic tools using DSpace (2008) 0.02 
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    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  20. Qin, J.; Zhou, Y.; Chau, M.; Chen, H.: Multilingual Web retrieval : an experiment in English-Chinese business intelligence (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    As increasing numbers of non-English resources have become available on the Web, the interesting and important issue of how Web users can retrieve documents in different languages has arisen. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIP), the study of retrieving information in one language by queries expressed in another language, is a promising approach to the problem. Cross-language information retrieval has attracted much attention in recent years. Most research systems have achieved satisfactory performance on standard Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) collections such as news articles, but CLIR techniques have not been widely studied and evaluated for applications such as Web portals. In this article, the authors present their research in developing and evaluating a multilingual English-Chinese Web portal that incorporates various CLIP techniques for use in the business domain. A dictionary-based approach was adopted and combines phrasal translation, co-occurrence analysis, and pre- and posttranslation query expansion. The portal was evaluated by domain experts, using a set of queries in both English and Chinese. The experimental results showed that co-occurrence-based phrasal translation achieved a 74.6% improvement in precision over simple word-byword translation. When used together, pre- and posttranslation query expansion improved the performance slightly, achieving a 78.0% improvement over the baseline word-by-word translation approach. In general, applying CLIR techniques in Web applications shows promise.

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