Search (2552 results, page 2 of 128)

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Abstract

Some members of the library community, including the Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control, have suggested that libraries should open up their catalogs to allow users to add descriptive tags to the bibliographic data in catalog records. The web site LibraryThing currently permits its members to add such user tags to its records for books and therefore provides a useful resource to contrast with library bibliographic records. A comparison between the LibraryThing tags for a group of books and the library-supplied subject headings for the same books shows that users and catalogers approach these descriptors very differently. Because of these differences, user tags can enhance subject access to library materials, but they cannot entirely replace controlled vocabularies such as the Library of Congress subject headings.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Abstract

Academic libraries have moved toward providing social networking features, such as tagging, in their library catalogs. To explore whether user tags can enhance access to individual literary works, the author obtained a sample of individual works of English and American literature from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries from a large academic library catalog and searched them in LibraryThing. The author compared match rates, the availability of subject headings and tags across various literary forms, and the terminology used in tags versus controlled-vocabulary headings on a subset of records. In addition, she evaluated the usefulness of available LibraryThing tags for the library catalog records that lacked subject headings. Options for utilizing the subject terms available in sources outside the local catalog also are discussed.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Abstract

Canada has a long history of adapting United States subject access tools, including the Library of Congress Classification (LCC), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), the Dewey Decimal Classification, and the Sears List of Subject Headings, to meet the specific needs of Canadians. This paper addresses the extensions to these American tools for English-speaking Canadians. While the United States and Canada have many similarities, differences exist that require changing terminology and providing greater depth and precision in subject headings and classification for specifically Canadian topics. The major effort has been for Library and Archives Canada (LAC) systematically to provide extensions for LCC and LCSH for use within its cataloging records. This paper examines the history and philosophy of these Canadian efforts to provide enhanced subject access. Paradoxically, French-speaking Canadians may have found it easier to start from scratch with the Repertoire de vedettes-matiere because of the difficult decisions for English-language tools on how much change to implement in an environment where most Canadian libraries use the American subject access tools. Canadian studies scholars around the world can use Canadian records, especially those maintained by LAC, to obtain superior subject access for Canadian topics even if they obtain the documents from other sources.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22
19. 6.2010 19:22:18

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Abstract

Compares language-related subject headings used in 'Sears list of subject headings' and 'Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)'. Comments on the inconsistent application of subdivisions for the Spanish and French laguages and literature. Describes the results of a survey of student knowledge of subject headings

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

Argues the need to provide additional access points in the cataloguing of popular culture materials in libraries which treat such collections as special collections. Provides a list of 8 general principles to apply in enhancing access to such materials through the catalogue (by increasing the number of appropriate headings), and illustrates how these principles might be implemented in two areas: motion pictures, radio and television and popular music

Source

Popular culture in libraries. 1(1993) no.3, S.15-22

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Abstract

Rules regarding cataloguing, subject headings, the way information in bibliographic records is organised and the catalogue's interface, or the way the screen is set up, are barriers to the use of online catalogues by children Describes the background to and implementation of a project to create a child orientation catalogue with a graphical user interface, or one that relies on pictures instead of text, within Denver Public Library in Colorado. Now called the Kid's catalog and commercially available from the Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries Co., the catalogue's software acts as a front end to a library's regular catalogue

Source

School library journal. 41(1995) no.7, S.22-25

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Abstract

State of the art review of the historical development of information science as deemed to be covered by the particular interests of memebers of the American Society for Information Science, as defined as the representation, storage, transmission, selection, retrieval, filtering, and use of documents and messages. Arranges the references cited roughly according to the classification scheme used by Information Science Abstracts, and so uses the headings: background; information science; techniques and technology; information related behaviour; application areas; social aspects; education for information science; institutions; individuals; geographical areas; and conclusions

Date

13. 6.1996 19:22:20

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Abstract

Bibliographical problems caused by geographic names in subject vataloging are examnied with a view toward determining procedures for establishing correct headings when changes of name occur and deciding upon the type of provisions to be made in subject catalog maintenance. Examples of typical changes of geographic names in Africa and suggested information cards for the subject catalog are provided

Source

Library resources and technical services. 22(1978), S.409-414

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Abstract

Defines reference service and discusses Ranganathan's interpretation of and contribution to reference service under the following headings; development of reference service; 4 categories and holistic view of reference service; analyses of reference work and service; reference service and humanism; flair of the reference librarian; symbiosis of reference service and classification; and relevance of Ranganathan's contribution

Source

CLIS observer. 9(1992) nos.1/2, S.16-22

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Abstract

This study is a citation analysis of a set of theses and dissertations in the Ohio State University's online catalog, for which the author-assigned keywords and cataloger-assigned Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) are known. Correlations are sought between the types and ages of resources cited and the number of unique keywords and unique LCSH that were found. The author presents results found in three general discipline areas: arts and humanities, the social sciences, and science, technology, engineering, and medicine.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Abstract

Enthält Geschichte der Library of Congress Subject Headings und Sears' list

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.

Footnote

Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.22-25.

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Abstract

The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) has been developed over the course of more than a century, predating the semantic web by some time. Until the 1986, the only concept-toconcept relationship available was an undifferentiated "See Also" reference, which was used for both associative (RT) and hierarchical (BT/NT) connections. In that year, in preparation for the first release of the headings in machine readable MARC Authorities form, an attempt was made to automatically convert these "See Also" links into the standardized thesaural relations. Unfortunately, the rule used to determine the type of reference to generate relied on the presence of symmetric links to detect associatively related terms; "See Also" references that were only present in one of the related terms were assumed to be hierarchical. This left the process vulnerable to inconsistent use of references in the pre-conversion data, with a marked bias towards promoting relationships to hierarchical status. The Library of Congress was aware that the results of the conversion contained many inconsistencies, and intended to validate and correct the results over the course of time. Unfortunately, twenty years later, less than 40% of the converted records have been evaluated. The converted records, being the earliest encountered during the Library's cataloging activities, represent the most basic concepts within LCSH; errors in the syndetic structure for these records affect far more subordinate concepts than those nearer the periphery. Worse, a policy of patterning new headings after pre-existing ones leads to structural errors arising from the conversion process being replicated in these newer headings, perpetuating and exacerbating the errors. As the LCSH prepares for its second great conversion, from MARC to SKOS, it is critical to address these structural problems. As part of the work on converting the headings into SKOS, I have experimented with different visualizations of the tangled web of broader terms embedded in LCSH. This poster illustrates several of these renderings, shows how they can help users to judge which relationships might not be correct, and shows just exactly how Doorbells and Mammals are related.

Source

Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas

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Abstract

The development of the general theory of subject indexing language and of POPSI for organisation, storage and retrieval of subjects embodies in documents has a striking parallel in the search for and development of 'universal forms' and 'deep structure' in language and linguistic studies. This paper briefly traces the development of POPSI language as a metalanguage for information organisation and for generating information retrieval thesaurus. Also a computer-based system for generating an information retrieval thesaurus from modulated subject headings formulated according to POPSI which are enriched with certain codes for relating the terms in the subject headings is described. It is also mentioned that, if it is possible to form a table of equivalent terms in another language for the terms already used to generate the thesaurus, then it is possible to translate the thesaurus automatically into the other language

Source

International forum on information and documentation. 8(1983), S.22-29

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Abstract

The authority controlled headings in a random sample of cataloguing records from RLIN member libraries were examined to determine the extent to which they either matched the forms a sestablished in RLIN's online authority files or, in cases where no headings existed in the files, had been formulated according to AACR2R principles and LoC guidelines. The study analzed all of the authority controlled access points in the records sample to determine the extent to ehich these access points matched the LoC Name Authority File (LoC NAF) and LoC Subject Authority File (LoC SAF) entries; it sought to determine which types of errors occured most frequently in instances where access points did not match the NAF and SAF files; and used the results of this analysis to add data to a list of preferred libraries kept by the Monograph Cataligng Section of the New York Public Library and used to increase the speed and efficiency of its copy cataloguing work flow

Source

Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) no.1, S.29-47

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Abstract

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), a system originally designed as a tool for subject access to the Library's own collection in the late nineteenth century, has become, in the course of the last century, the main subject retrieval tool in library catalogs throughout the United States and in many other countries. It is one of the largest non-specialized controlled vocabularies in the world. As LCSH enters a new century, it faces an information environment that has undergone vast changes from what had prevailed when LCSH began, or, indeed, from its state in the early days of the online age. In order to continue its mission and to be useful in spheres outside library catalogs as well, LCSH must adapt to the multifarious environment. One possible approach is to adopt a series of scalable and flexible syntax and application rules to meet the needs of different user communities

Date

27. 5.2001 16:22:21

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

Although the Alzheimer's Association's Green-Field Library's catalog has been available to local chapters and interested people for some time through modem access, placing the catalog on the World Wide Web would make it available to casual browsers as well as determined searchers. When a review of the subject list revealed numerous inconsistencies and duplications, a new list was generated, giving preference to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) where possible. The result was a mix of MeSH and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), augmented by a few local- and reviewer-supplied terms. The new subject authority list gives the Green-Field Library an authoritative list of terms to use when performing original and copy cataloging. It can also be placed with the library's catalog on the Web to aid users in performing searches.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

In 2003, OCLC published Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 (DDC 22), in print and Web versions. The changes and updates in the new edition reflect a modern view of knowledge structures and address the general needs of Dewey users. The content of DDC 22 has been shaped by a number of social, geopolitical, and technical trends. The World Wide Web has provided a vehicle for more frequent distribution of updates to the DDC, and a medium for direct communication with Dewey users around the world. In addition to updating the system itself, other strategies are needed to accommodate the needs of the global Dewey user community. Translation of the system is one approach; another is mapping. Mapping terminology to the DDC is a strategy for supporting effective local implementation of the system while maintaining the internal cohesiveness of the DDC. This paper explores the usefulness of mapping terminology from English-language general subject headings lists produced outside the U.S.

Object

DDC-22