-
Knutsen, U.: Working in a distributed electronic environment : Experiences with the Norwegian edition (2003)
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- Abstract
- Die Einführung der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC) in Norwegen ist das Verdienst eines Mannes und Ergebnis seiner Suche nach beruflichem Erfolg. In den späten achtziger Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts kaufte der Student und Bohemien Haakon Nyhuus eine einfache Fahrkarte in die USA. Zufällig bot man ihm eine Arbeit in der Newberry Library in Chicago an, wo er William F. Poole kennen lernte, der von dem jungen Mann beeindruckt war und ihn als Leiter der Katalogabteilung der Chicago Public Library empfahl. Seine bibliothekarische Karriere dort war so kurz wie sein Aufenthalt in den USA. 1897 kehrte er nach Norwegen zurück und übernahm die Leitung der Stadtbibliothek von Oslo. Nyhuus wurde bald der bedeutendste Bibliotheksreformer, den es in Norwegen je gab. 1898 führte er die DDC in der Bibliothek ein. Nyhuus schätzte die DDC nicht besonders und bezeichnete sie als "alte Kutsche mit zehn Rädern, von denen einige ein wenig aus dem Gleichgewicht geraten und durch Kummer und Tränen abgenützt sind". Trotzdem ist es ihm zuzuschreiben, dass die DDC heute in allen öffentlichen Bibliotheken und einer großen Anzahl wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken in Norwegen verwendet wird. Norwegen ist ein dünn bevölkertes Land mit etwa 4,5 Millionen Einwohnern. Die Bibliotheken sind meist klein und ihre Bestände eher begrenzt. Selbst wenn die großen Universitätsbibliotheken und Bibliotheken mit Spezialsammlungen dazu tendieren, die internationale Ausgabe in vier Bänden zu benutzen, betrachten die meisten Bibliotheken die Hilfstafeln als zu detailliert für ihre Zwecke. Es gibt einen großen Bedarf an Terminologie auf Norwegisch. Einige Subject Gateways und Nachweise sind entsprechend der DDC organisiert und die norwegische Ausgabe bildet eine wichtige Grundlage für die Bildung von Schlagwörtern. Deshalb ist es in Norwegen Tradition, jede zweite vollständige Ausgabe der DDC ins Norwegische zu übersetzen, zu kürzen und entsprechend dem nationalen Literaturaufkommen leicht anzupassen.
- Content
- Vortrag während der 69. IFLA General conference and Council, 1.-9.8.2003 in Berlin; Deutsche Fassung unter: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/122g trans-Knutsen.pdf
- Object
- DDC-22
-
Encyclopædia Britannica 2003 : Ultmate Reference Suite (2002)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: c't 2002, H.23, S.229 (T.J. Schult): "Mac-Anwender hatten bisher keine große Auswahl bei Multimedia-Enzyklopädien: entweder ein grottenschlechtes Kosmos Kompaktwissen, das dieses Jahr letztmalig erscheinen soll und sich dabei als Systhema Universallexikon tarnt. Oder ein Brockhaus in Text und Bild mit exzellenten Texten, aber flauer Medienausstattung. Die von Acclaim in Deutschland vertriebenen Britannica-Enzyklopädien stellen eine ausgezeichnete Alternative für den des Englischen Kundigen dar. Während früher nur Einfach-Britannicas auf dem Mac liefen, gilt dies nun für alle drei Versionen Student, Deluxe und Ultimate Reference Suite. Die Suite enthält dabei nicht nur alle 75 000 Artikel der 32 Britannica-Bände, sondern auch die 15 000 der Student Encyclopaedia, eines eigenen Schülerlexikons, das durch sein einfaches Englisch gerade für Nicht-Muttersprachler als Einstieg taugt. Wer es noch elementarer haben möchte, klickt sich zur Britannica Elementary Encyclopaedia, welche unter der gleichen Oberfläche wie die anderen Werke zugänglich ist. Schließlich umfasst die Suite einen Weltatlas sowie einsprachige Wörterbücher und Thesauri von Merriam-Webster in der Collegiate- und Student-Ausbaustufe mit allein 555 000 Definitionen, Synonymen und Antonymen. Wer viel in englischer Sprache recherchiert oder gar schreibt, leckt sich angesichts dieses Angebots (EUR 99,95) die Finger, zumal die Printausgabe gut 1600 Euro kostet. Die Texte sind einfach kolossal - allein das Inhaltsverzeichnis des Artikels Germany füllt sieben Bildschirmseiten. Schon die Inhalte aus den BritannicaBänden bieten mehr als doppelt so viel Text wie die rund tausend Euro kostende Brockhaus Enzyklopädie digital (c't 22/02, S. 38). Allein die 220 000 thematisch einsortierten Web-Links sind das Geld wert. Wer die 2,4 Gigabyte belegende Komplettinstallation wählt, muss sogar nie mehr die DVD (alternativ vier CD-ROMs) einlegen. Dieses Jahr muss sich niemand mehr mit dem Britannica-typischen Kuddelmuddel aus Lexikonartikeln und vielen, vielen Jahrbüchern herumschlagen - außer dem Basistext der drei Enzyklopädien sind 'nur' die zwei Jahrbücher 2001 und 2002 getrennt aufgeführt. Wer des Englischen mächtig ist, mag hier die gute Gelegenheit zum Kauf nutzen."
-
bbu/c't: Ask Jeeves mit verbesserten Suchfunktionen (2005)
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- Abstract
- Mit nicht völlig neuen, aber überarbeiteten Suchfunktionen erweitert das zum Firmenimperium des US-Medienzaren Barry Diller gehörende Unternehmen Ask Jeeves das Leistungsspektrum seiner Suchmaschine. Mit der Ergebnisverfeinerungsfunktion Focus erhält der Suchende auf der rechten oberen Bildschirmseite eine Liste, die das Thema seiner Suche thematisch aufgliedern soll. Eine zweite Neuerung verspricht präzise Antworten auf als Fragen formulierte Sucheinträge. So ergibt der Eintrag "Lady Diana" zum Beispiel eine Liste mit den Items Princess Di, Princess Dianas Life, Princess Diana's Wedding. Interessant dabei ist, dass diese Liste nicht einfach aus einem monolithischen Block von Schlüsselwörtern besteht, sondern in drei Kategorien aufgeteilt ist: "Narrow Your Search", "Expand Your Search" und "Related Names". Waren die eben genannten Beispiele aus der ersten Kategorie, finden sich unter Expand Your Search Einträge wie Royal Family, Princess Di Ring, Princess Di Prince Charles History oder Prince William Harry, allerdings auch Who Is Louis De Funes? "Related Names" verweist auf Einträge wie Diana Spencer, Prince Harry oder Imran Khan. Die Suchfunktion soll also die thematische Verfeinerung oder Ausweitung gleichermaßen wie die Fortsetzung der Suche mit einem verwandten Thema ermöglichen. Auf die Frage "who invented the telephone" erhält der Suchende als ersten Eintrag die Antwort "The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell" mit dem roten Vermerk "Web Answer'. Bemerkenswert ist hier, dass auf eine Frage nicht nur eine passende Webseite mit der Antwort angezeigt wird, sondern die ausformulierte Antwort direkt aus der vorgeschlagenen Webseite zitiert wird. Die Frage "who is the mother of Albert Einstein" gibt immerhin einen Eintrag unter "Narrow Your Search" mit "Albert Einstein Family tree". Ask Jeeves wird wohl noch eine weitere Neuerung bevorstehen: Auf einer Pressekonferenz in San Francisco bemerkte Chief Executive Barry Diller, dass das Unternehmen über eine Namensänderung von Ask Jeeves nachdenke. Wahrscheinlich werde auf eines der beiden Worte verzichtet werden. Mit dem Sucheintrag "How will Ask Jeeves be called in the future" erhält man bislang jedoch noch keine "Web Answer". (26.05.2005 15:30)
-
Beall, J.: Approaches to expansions : case studies from the German and Vietnamese translations (2003)
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- Abstract
- Die deutsche und die vietnamesische Übersetzung der DDC entstehen in einer Umgebung, die für den grenzüberschreitenden Umgang mit der DDC günstig ist. Es gibt internationale Gesamtkataloge wie OCLC WorldCat, die die Recherche und das Kopieren von Katalogdaten über Sprachgrenzen hinaus ermöglichen. Bibliothekskataloge sind im Internet verfügbar und werden weltweit benutzt. Viele Nationalbibliotheken nutzen die DDC für Nationalbibliografien, darunter auch solche wie die Nationalbibliotheken von Kanada und der Schweiz, die die DDC in mehr als einer Sprache verwenden.. In internationalen Projekten wie Renardus wird die DDC verwendet. Wenn die DDC über Sprachgrenzen hinaus brauchbar sein soll, dann muss die selbe DDC-Notation in unterschiedlichen Anwendungsbereichen und Sprachen auch dasselbe meinen. Wenn die DDC-Notation 324 in der englischen Standard Edition "The political process" heißt, dann muss damit in den arabischen, französischen, deutschen, griechischen, isländischen, italienischen, norwegischen, russischen, spanischen und vietnamesischen Ausgaben Identisches gemeint sein. Dies bedeutet nicht, dass eine wörtliche Übersetzung erforderlich ist; kulturelle Unterschiede können berücksichtigt werden. So heißt die englische Version von 959.7043 Vietnamese War, 1961-1975 und die vietnamesische Version von 959.7043 Amerikanischer Krieg, 1961-1975; die Notation 959.7043 bezieht sich dennoch auf den selben Krieg. So ist der DDC-basierte Informationsaustausch über die Sprachgrenzen über die Notation 959.7043 weiter möglich.
- Content
- Vortrag während der 69. IFLA General conference and Council, 1.-9.8.2003 in Berlin; deutsche Fassung unter: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla69/papers/123g trans-Beall.pdf
- Object
- DDC-22
-
Oberhauser, O.: Card-Image Public Access Catalogues (CIPACs) : a critical consideration of a cost-effective alternative to full retrospective catalogue conversion (2002)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: ABI-Technik 21(2002) H.3, S.292 (E. Pietzsch): "Otto C. Oberhauser hat mit seiner Diplomarbeit eine beeindruckende Analyse digitalisierter Zettelkataloge (CIPACs) vorgelegt. Die Arbeit wartet mit einer Fülle von Daten und Statistiken auf, wie sie bislang nicht vorgelegen haben. BibliothekarInnen, die sich mit der Digitalisierung von Katalogen tragen, finden darin eine einzigartige Vorlage zur Entscheidungsfindung. Nach einem einführenden Kapitel bringt Oberhauser zunächst einen Überblick über eine Auswahl weltweit verfügbarer CIPACs, deren Indexierungsmethode (Binäre Suche, partielle Indexierung, Suche in OCR-Daten) und stellt vergleichende Betrachtungen über geographische Verteilung, Größe, Software, Navigation und andere Eigenschaften an. Anschließend beschreibt und analysiert er Implementierungsprobleme, beginnend bei Gründen, die zur Digitalisierung führen können: Kosten, Umsetzungsdauer, Zugriffsverbesserung, Stellplatzersparnis. Er fährt fort mit technischen Aspekten wie Scannen und Qualitätskontrolle, Image Standards, OCR, manueller Nacharbeit, Servertechnologie. Dabei geht er auch auf die eher hinderlichen Eigenschaften älterer Kataloge ein sowie auf die Präsentation im Web und die Anbindung an vorhandene Opacs. Einem wichtigen Aspekt, nämlich der Beurteilung durch die wichtigste Zielgruppe, die BibliotheksbenutzerInnen, hat Oberhauser eine eigene Feldforschung gewidmet, deren Ergebnisse er im letzten Kapitel eingehend analysiert. Anhänge über die Art der Datenerhebung und Einzelbeschreibung vieler Kataloge runden die Arbeit ab. Insgesamt kann ich die Arbeit nur als die eindrucksvollste Sammlung von Daten, Statistiken und Analysen zum Thema CIPACs bezeichnen, die mir bislang begegnet ist. Auf einen schön herausgearbeiteten Einzelaspekt, nämlich die weitgehende Zersplitterung bei den eingesetzten Softwaresystemen, will ich besonders eingehen: Derzeit können wir grob zwischen Komplettlösungen (eine beauftragte Firma führt als Generalunternehmung sämtliche Aufgaben von der Digitalisierung bis zur Ablieferung der fertigen Anwendung aus) und geteilten Lösungen (die Digitalisierung wird getrennt von der Indexierung und der Softwareerstellung vergeben bzw. im eigenen Hause vorgenommen) unterscheiden. Letztere setzen ein Projektmanagement im Hause voraus. Gerade die Softwareerstellung im eigenen Haus aber kann zu Lösungen führen, die kommerziellen Angeboten keineswegs nachstehen. Schade ist nur, daß die vielfältigen Eigenentwicklungen bislang noch nicht zu Initiativen geführt haben, die, ähnlich wie bei Public Domain Software, eine "optimale", kostengünstige und weithin akzeptierte Softwarelösung zum Ziel haben. Einige kritische Anmerkungen sollen dennoch nicht unerwähnt bleiben. Beispielsweise fehlt eine Differenzierung zwischen "Reiterkarten"-Systemen, d.h. solchen mit Indexierung jeder 20. oder 50. Karte, und Systemen mit vollständiger Indexierung sämtlicher Kartenköpfe, führt doch diese weitreichende Designentscheidung zu erheblichen Kostenverschiebungen zwischen Katalogerstellung und späterer Benutzung. Auch bei den statistischen Auswertungen der Feldforschung hätte ich mir eine feinere Differenzierung nach Typ des CIPAC oder nach Bibliothek gewünscht. So haben beispielsweise mehr als die Hälfte der befragten BenutzerInnen angegeben, die Bedienung des CIPAC sei zunächst schwer verständlich oder seine Benutzung sei zeitaufwendig gewesen. Offen beibt jedoch, ob es Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Realisierungstypen gibt.
Nun haben Diplomarbeiten einen eigenen Charakter. Ihre Zielsetzung ist nicht unbedingt, Handlungsleitfäden zu geben. Manche FachkollegInnen, die schon selbst mit der Digitalisierung von Katalogen zu tun hatten, fragen sich aber, ob die jeweils gefundene Lösung denn tatsächlich die "beste" erreichbare war, ob es sich lohnt, über Verbesserungen nachzudenken, wie ihre Lösung im Vergleich zu anderen steht, ob die eingesetzte Recherchesoftware gute Ergebnisse liefert, ob die zunächst vielleicht niedrigen Erstellungskosten nicht doch relativ lange Verweildauern, d.h. verdeckte Kosten, bei der Recherche zur Folge haben. Oberhauser gibt dazu lediglich am Rande einige Hinweise. Wünschenswert wäre, wenn derartige Detailuntersuchungen in weiteren Arbeiten vorgenommen würden."
-
Tudhope, D.; Hodge, G.: Terminology registries (2007)
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- Content
- Präsentation während der Veranstaltung "Networked Knowledge Organization Systems and Services: The 6th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, Workshop at the 11th ECDL Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21st 2007".
- Date
- 26.12.2011 13:22:07
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
O'Neill, E.T.: OCLC's experience identifying and using works (2004)
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- Content
- Beitrag anlässlich des FRBR-Workshops für Expertengruppenmitglieder am 8. und 9. Juli 2004 in Der Deutschen Bibliothek mit der Zielsetzung: Die Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) haben seit ihrer Veröffentlichung 1998 durch die IFLA die bibliothekarische Diskussion befruchtet. Was verbirgt sich hinter den FRBR? Welche Auswirkungen hat dieses Modell, das Beziehungen zwischen Entitäten darstellt, auf Regelwerke, Normdateien, Formate, Online-Kataloge und andere Bereiche? Welche Erfahrungen sind international bereits mit den FRBR gesammelt worden? Können wir die FRBR in Deutschland und Österreich nutzbringend in die Standardisierungsarbeit einbringen?
-
Tillett, B.: What is FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)? (2004)
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- Content
- Beitrag anlässlich des FRBR-Workshops für Expertengruppenmitglieder am 8. und 9. Juli 2004 in Der Deutschen Bibliothek mit der Zielsetzung: Die Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) haben seit ihrer Veröffentlichung 1998 durch die IFLA die bibliothekarische Diskussion befruchtet. Was verbirgt sich hinter den FRBR? Welche Auswirkungen hat dieses Modell, das Beziehungen zwischen Entitäten darstellt, auf Regelwerke, Normdateien, Formate, Online-Kataloge und andere Bereiche? Welche Erfahrungen sind international bereits mit den FRBR gesammelt worden? Können wir die FRBR in Deutschland und Österreich nutzbringend in die Standardisierungsarbeit einbringen?
-
Kless, D.: From a thesaurus standard to a general knowledge organization standard?! (2007)
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- Content
- Präsentation während der Veranstaltung "Networked Knowledge Organization Systems and Services: The 6th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, Workshop at the 11th ECDL Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21st 2007".
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Cochard, N.: ¬A data model and XML schema for BS 8723-5 (2007)
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- Content
- Präsentation während der Veranstaltung "Networked Knowledge Organization Systems and Services: The 6th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, Workshop at the 11th ECDL Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21st 2007".
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Fayen, E.; Hlava, M.: Crosswalks and the USA perspective (2007)
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- Content
- Präsentation während der Veranstaltung "Networked Knowledge Organization Systems and Services: The 6th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, Workshop at the 11th ECDL Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21st 2007".
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Veltman, K.H.: From Recorded World to Recording Worlds (2007)
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- Content
- Vgl. Hinweis in: Online-Mitteilungen 2007, Nr.91 [=Mitt. VOEB 60(2007) H.3], S.15: "Auf der Tagung "Herausforderung: Digitale Langzeitarchivierung - Strategien und Praxis europäischer Kooperation" welche vom 20. bis 21. April 2007 in der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (Frankfurt am Main) stattfand, befassten sich die einzelnen Referentinnen nicht nur mit der Bewahrung des Kulturgutes, sondern u.a. auch mit der "Aufzeichnung der Welten". Wie man diese "Weltaufzeichnung" in Anbetracht der Fülle und stetigen Zunahme an Informationen zukünftig (noch) besser bewältigen kann, thematisierte Kim H. Veltman in seinem Vortrag. Er präsentierte dazu vier äußerst denkwürdige Ansätze: - Schaffung einerzentralen europäischen Instanz, welche die Gedächtnisinstitutionen über die neusten technologischen Entwicklungen informiert - Errichtung eines digitalen Referenzraums und einer virtuellen Agora innerhalb der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek - Gründung eines Instituts zur Wissensorganisation - Erforschen der Anforderungen für eine "Universal Digital Library"."
-
Schmidt, J.; Horn, A.; Thorsen, B.: Australian Subject Gateways, the successes and the challenges (2003)
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- Footnote
- Vortrag anläßlich der 69. IFLA-Tagung 2003, Berlin (engl. Fassung)
- Location
- AUS
-
Boleda, G.; Evert, S.: Multiword expressions : a pain in the neck of lexical semantics (2009)
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- Abstract
- Mit einem Überblick über: Probleme, Methoden, Stand der Forschung u. Literatur.
- Date
- 1. 3.2013 14:56:22
-
Zia, L.L.: Growing a national learning environments and resources network for science, mathematics, engineering, and technology education : current issues and opportunities for the NSDL program (2001)
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- Field
- Naturwissenschaften
-
Smith, A.G.: Search features of digital libraries (2000)
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- Content
- Enthält eine Zusammenstellung der Werkzeuge und Hilfsmittel des Information Retrieval
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Overview of ISO NP 25964 : structured vocabularies for information retrieval (2007)
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- Content
- Präsentation während der Veranstaltung "Networked Knowledge Organization Systems and Services: The 6th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, Workshop at the 11th ECDL Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21st 2007".
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Kreyche, M.: Subject headings for the 21st century : the lcsh-es.org bilingual database (2008)
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- Content
- Beitrag während: World library and information congress: 74th IFLA general conference and council, 10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada. Vgl. auch: http://www.ibiblio.org/fred2.0/wordpress/?p=20 (mit Grafik der Beziehung zwischen 'mammal' und 'doorbell')
-
Van der Veer Martens, B.: Do citation systems represent theories of truth? (2001)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 15:22:28
-
Alex, H.: Dewey in Germany (2007)
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- Content
- Vortrag während der EDUG-Konferenz der European DDC users' group am 11.06.2007 in Bern.
