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Content

"Während im Rahmen der beiden bibliothekarischen Veranstaltungstage am 11. und 12.3.2003 eine Reihe von wichtigen Vorträgen zur Bedeutung und Entwicklung, aber auch zu Kosten bibliothekarischer Sacherschließung gehalten wurden, fand die jährliche Besprechung der AG Dezimalklassifikationen am 12.3. vormittags, also zu Beginn der 27. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft an der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus statt. Zunächst war erster Redner dieser Besprechung der AG außerordentlicherweise der Vorsitzende der GfKl, Herr Prof. Dr. Opitz. Dieser äußerte dabei den Wunsch der Gesellschaft, die bibliothekarische Arbeit und dementsprechend die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dezimalklassifikationen auf Dauer in der GfKI integriert zu wissen. Dabei würde er auch eine intensivere Verflechtung mit der Jahrestagung, auch mit ihren gesellschaftlichen Ereignissen begrüßen, um so auch persönliche Kontakte zu fördern bzw. zu ermöglichen. Ebenso wies Prof. Opitz darauf hin, daß jeder AG jährlich auch ein Finanzbeitrag der Gesellschaft zur Organisation von Vorträgen u.ä. zur Verfügung steht. Bei der Besprechung der AG selbst aktualisierten zunächst Herr Dr. Holger Flachmann (ULB Münster) und Herr Dr. Jiri Pika (ETH Zürich) ihre Berichte der Vorjahrestagung (vgl. GfKI Nr. 52 vom November 2002, S. 12). Danach gab Herr Dr. Bernd Lorenz (Bay. BeamtenFachhochschule München) einen kurzen Überblick über wichtige deutsche Literatur zum Projekt DDC Deutsch. Während der Workshop von DDB am 17.1.2001 in Frankfurt/M. die Entwicklung von DDC und UDK sowie die Bedeutung einer Konkordanzarbeit unterstrich (vgl. Dialog mit Bibliotheken 13. 2001, S. 29-31), verweist Magda Heiner-Freiling in ihrem Beitrag "Dewey in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie" (Bibliotheksdienst 36. 2002, S. 709-715) auch auf die Unterschiede zwischen der derzeitigen Gliederung der DNBSachgruppen und der künftigen Entwicklung gemäß DDC (S. 711 f.). Sie erinnert zu Recht daran, dass "für Aufstellungszwekke von einer Weiterverwendung der bisherigen Klassifikationen im deutschsprachigen Raum auszugehen (ist), im Fall der RVK sogar von einer weiteren Verbreitung" (S. 714). Von einem "Anschluß der deutschen Bibliotheken an die amerikanische DDC" (ZfBB 50, 2003 S. 27) kann somit nicht gesprochen werden. Von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung bleibt weiterhin die Arbeit von Magda Heiner-Freiling "DDC Deutsch 22 formale, terminologische und inhaltliche Aspekte einer deutschen DDCAusgabe" (ZfBB 48. 2001, S. 333-339). Hier seien zehn Aspekte zur DDC-Arbeit herausgegriffen, denen bleibende Bedeutung zu kommt. - Es ist noch keine angemessene Berücksichtigung europäischer Belange erreicht (S. 333) - Die bekannten Terminologieprobleme (S. 336 ff.) sind auch für Bereiche von Pflanzen und Tieren anzuzeigen (S. 339). - Inhaltliche Probleme bestehen, die aber nicht relevant werden, die die meisten Bibliotheken nicht an eine Aufstellung gemäß DDC denken (S. 337). - Dementsprechend ist auch der Umfang einer DDC-Nutzung in den Bibliotheken unklar (S. 334). - Davon hängt die perspektivische Frage nach einem Bedarf an späteren Buchausgaben ab (S. 335). - Große Bedeutung kommt auch der geplanten DDCDatenbank zu (S. 335). Hierzu gibt es inzwischen Vorarbeiten. - Wichtig für die Anwendung wird die unverzichtbare Verzahnung von DDC und SWD (S. 336). - Bedeutend ist auch die Möglichkeit einer Trunkierbarkeit der Notationen (S. 336). - Ebenso ist die Erstellung von Arbeitsanweisungen vorrangig (S.337). - Denkbar große Bedeutung hat die Feststellung und Vorhersage, dass die DDC Deutsch keine "reine" Übersetzung der DDC darstellen wird, sondern zugleich Auslegung, Bearbeitung usw. (S. 335).

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Date

22. 3.2004 14:46:50

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Date

4.11.2007 13:22:29

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: 1. Die Grundlagen der Wissensorganisation Ingetraut Dahlberg: Zur Begriffskultur in den Sozialwissenschaften. Evaluation einer Herausforderung S.2 Gerhard Budin: Begriffliche Wissensorganisation in den Sozialwissenschaften: Theorien und Methodenvielfalt S.12 Gerd Bauer: Die vielseitigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Kategorienprinzips bei der Wissensorganisation S.22 Robert Fugmann: Die Nützlichkeit von semantischen Kategorien auf dern Gebiet der Informationsbereitstellung S.34 Gerhard Rahmtorf: Wege zur Ontologie S.37 2. Wissensordnung und Gesellschaft Raphael Beer: Ungleiches Wissen und demokratische Legitimation S.50 Elisabeth Wallnöfer Köstlin: Zum Charakter chiasmatischen Wissens S.66 Maik Adomßent: Konstitutive Elemente nachhaltiger Wissensgenerierung und -organisation S.70 Walther Umstätter: Knowledge Economy und die Privatisierung von Bibliotheken S.85 Peter Ohly: Bibliometrie in der Postmoderne S.103 Marthinus S. van der Walt: Ethics in Indexing and Classification S.115 Heike Winschiers, Jens Felder & Barbara Paterson: Nachhaltige Wissensorganisation durch kulturelle Synthese S122 3. Pädagogische Wissensorganisation Henry Milder: Knowledge related policy and civic literacy S.130 Christian Swertz: Globalisierung und Individualisierung als Bildungsziele S.140 Wolfgang David: Der Einfluss epistemologischer Überzeugungen auf Wissenserwerb S.147 Monika Witsch: Cyberlaw für den Jugendschutz - Eine pädagogische Bewertung von Internetzensur vor dem Hintergrund rechtsextremer Homepages S.152 Nicole Zillien: "Nächste Folie, bitte!" - Der Einsatz von Präsentationsprogrammen zur Wissensvermittlung und Wissensbewahrung S.159 Wolfgang Semar: Kollaborative Leistungsevaluation beim Einsatz von Wissensmanagementsystemen in der Ausbildung S.169

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Date

12. 6.2008 20:18:22

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Footnote

The book does achieve its aim of being a starting point for someone interested in the state of some areas of AI research at the beginning of the new millennium. The book's most irritating feature is the different writing styles of the authors. The book is organized as a collection of papers similar to a typical graduate survey course packet, and as a result the book does not possess a narrative flow. Also the book contains a number of other major weaknesses such as a lack of an introductory or concluding chapter. The book could greatly benefit from an introductory chapter that would introduce readers to the areas of AI, explain why such a book is needed, and explain why each author's research is important. The manner in which the book currently handles these issues is a preface that talks about some of the above issues in a superficial manner. Also such an introductory chapter could be used to expound an what level of AI mathematical and statistical knowledge is expected from readers in order to gain maximum benefit from this book. A concluding chapter would be useful to readers interested in the other areas of AI not covered by the book, as well as open issues common to all of the research presented. In addition, most of the contributors come exclusively from the computer science field, which heavily slants the work toward the computer science community. A great deal of the research presented is being used by a number of research communities outside of computer science, such as biotechnology and information technology. A wider audience for this book could have been achieved by including a more diverse range of authors showing the interdisciplinary nature of many of these fields. Also the book's editors state, "The reader is expected to have basic knowledge of AI at the level of an introductory course to the field" (p vii), which is not the case for this book. Readers need at least a strong familiarity with many of the core concepts within AI, because a number of the chapters are shallow and terse in their historical overviews. Overall, this book would be a useful tool for a professor putting together a survey course an AI research. Most importantly the book would be useful for eager graduate students in need of a starting point for their research for their thesis. This book is best suited as a reference guide to be used by individuals with a strong familiarity with AI."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.11, S.1237-1238 (E. Yakel): "This book provides the profession with a cogent, thorough, and thoughtful introduction to digital reference. Janes not only provides the breadth of coverage expected in an introduction, but also depth into this important topic. Janes' approach is managerial or administrative, providing guidelines for reference work that can be applied in different settings. Janes creates a decision-making framework to help reference librarians make decisions concerning how, to what extent, and in what cases digital reference services will be delivered. In this way, Janes avoids dictating a "one-size-fits-all" model. This approach is the major strength of the book. Library administrators and heads of reference services will find the administrative approach welcome by helping them think through which digital reference policies and methods will best target core constituencies and their institutional environments. However, the book deserves a broader audience as professors will find that the book fits nicely in a general reference course. For all readers, the book is readable and engaging and also challenging and questioning. The book begins with a history of reference work, nicely positioning digital reference in this tradition and noting the changes wrought by the digital age. By doing this, the author establishes both continuity and change in reference work as well as the values surrounding this activity. These values are largely those from the library community and Support people's access to information as well as activities that support the use of information. Janes closes this chapter by noting that the continuing changes in demographics, technology, and connectivity will impact reference work in ways that are not yet imaginable. This introduction sets the tone for the rest of the book. Janes defines digital reference service as "the use of digital technologies and resources to provide direct, professional assistance to people who are seeking information, wherever and whenever they need it" (p. 29). This definition covers a lot of ground. Examples include everything from a public library answering email queries to commercial ask-an-expert services. While the primary audience is librarians, Janes continually reminds readers that many others perform reference activities an the World Wide Web. Furthermore, he cautions readers that there are larger forces shaping this activity in the world that need to acknowledged. In building a framework for decision-making, Janes outlines the types of digital reference service. This discussion covers the communieations modes, such as e-mail, chat, Web forms, etc. It also analyzes the modalities by which reference service is delivered: synchronous/ asynchronous. Using these two dimensions (communication method and synchronous/asynchronous), Janes presents the variety of contexts in which digital reference can take place and then outlines the strengths and weaknesses of each of these. This translates into a decision-making framework by which readers analyze their particular setting and then select the modes and modalities that world be most effective. This is a powerful device and demonstrates the many options (and perhaps also the obstacles) for providing digital reference service.

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Footnote

Chapter 8 discusses issues of archiving and preserving digital materials. The chapter reiterates, "What is the point of all of this if the resources identified and catalogued are not preserved?" (Gorman, 2003, p. 16). Discussion about preservation and related issues is organized in five sections that successively ask why, what, who, how, and how much of the plethora of digital materials should be archived and preserved. These are not easy questions because of media instability and technological obsolescence. Stakeholders in communities with diverse interests compete in terms of which community or representative of a community has an authoritative say in what and how much get archived and preserved. In discussing the above-mentioned questions, the authors once again provide valuable information and lessons from a number of initiatives in Europe, Australia, and from other global initiatives. The Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage and the Guidelines for the Preservation of Digital Heritage, both published by UNESCO, are discussed and some of the preservation principles from the Guidelines are listed. The existing diversity in administrative arrangements for these new projects and resources notwithstanding, the impact on content produced for online reserves through work done in digital projects and from the use of metadata and the impact on levels of reference services and the ensuing need for different models to train users and staff is undeniable. In terms of education and training, formal coursework, continuing education, and informal and on-the-job training are just some of the available options. The intensity in resources required for cataloguing digital materials, the questions over the quality of digital resources, and the threat of the new digital environment to the survival of the traditional library are all issues quoted by critics and others, however, who are concerned about a balance for planning and resources allocated for traditional or print-based resources and newer digital resources. A number of questions are asked as part of the book's conclusions in Chapter 10. Of these questions, one that touches on all of the rest and upon much of the book's content is the question: What does the future hold for metadata in libraries? Metadata standards are alive and well in many communities of practice, as Chapters 2-6 have demonstrated. The usefulness of metadata continues to be high and innovation in various elements should keep information professionals engaged for decades to come. There is no doubt that metadata have had a tremendous impact in how we organize information for access and in terms of who, how, when, and where contact is made with library services and collections online. Planning and commitment to a diversity of metadata to serve the plethora of needs in communities of practice are paramount for the continued success of many digital projects and for online preservation of our digital heritage."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.4, S.608-609 (K.D. Desouza): "Richard Rogers explores the distinctiveness of the World Wide Web as a politically contested space where information searchers may encounter multiple explanations of reality. Sources of information on the Web are in constant competition with each other for attention. The attention a source receives will determine its prominence, the ability to be a provider of leading information, and its inclusion in authoritative spaces. Rogers explores the politics behind evaluating sources that are collected and housed on authoritative spaces. Information politics on the Web can be looked at in terms of frontend or back-end politics. Front-end politics is concerned with whether sources on the Web pay attention to principles of inclusivity, fairness, and scope of representation in how information is presented, while back-end politics examines the logic behind how search engines or portals select and index information. Concerning front-end politics, Rogers questions the various versions of reality one can derive from examining information on the Web, especially when issues of information inclusivity and scope of representation are toiled with. In addition, Rogers is concerned with how back-end politics are being controlled by dominant forces of the market (i.e., the more an organization is willing to pay, the greater will be the site's visibility and prominence in authoritative spaces), regardless of whether the information presented on the site justifies such a placement. In the book, Rogers illustrates the issues involved in back-end and front-end politics (though heavily slanted on front-end politics) using vivid cases, all of which are derived from his own research. The main thrust is the exploration of how various "information instruments," defined as "a digital and analytical means of recording (capturing) and subsequently reading indications of states of defined information streams (p. 19)," help capture the politics of the Web. Rogers employs four specific instruments (Lay Decision Support System, Issue Barometer, Web Issue Index of Civil Society, and Election Issue Tracker), which are covered in detail in core chapters of the book (Chapter 2-Chapter 5). The book is comprised of six chapters, with Chapter 1 being the traditional introduction and Chapter 6 being a summary of the major concepts discussed.

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