-
Ackermann, E.: Piaget's constructivism, Papert's constructionism : what's the difference? (2001)
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- Abstract
- What is the difference between Piaget's constructivism and Papert's "constructionism"? Beyond the mere play on the words, I think the distinction holds, and that integrating both views can enrich our understanding of how people learn and grow. Piaget's constructivism offers a window into what children are interested in, and able to achieve, at different stages of their development. The theory describes how children's ways of doing and thinking evolve over time, and under which circumstance children are more likely to let go of-or hold onto- their currently held views. Piaget suggests that children have very good reasons not to abandon their worldviews just because someone else, be it an expert, tells them they're wrong. Papert's constructionism, in contrast, focuses more on the art of learning, or 'learning to learn', and on the significance of making things in learning. Papert is interested in how learners engage in a conversation with [their own or other people's] artifacts, and how these conversations boost self-directed learning, and ultimately facilitate the construction of new knowledge. He stresses the importance of tools, media, and context in human development. Integrating both perspectives illuminates the processes by which individuals come to make sense of their experience, gradually optimizing their interactions with the world.
- Content
- Vgl.: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Piaget-%E2%80%99-s-Constructivism-%2C-Papert-%E2%80%99-s-%3A-What-%E2%80%99-s-Ackermann/89cbcc1e740a4591443ff4765a6ae8df0fdf5554. Darunter weitere Hinweise auf verwandte Beiträge. Auch unter: Learning Group Publication 5(2001) no.3, S.438.
- Type
- a
-
Carter, J.A.: PASSPORT/PRISM: authors and titles and MARC : oh my! (1993)
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- Source
- OCLC systems and services. 9(1993) no.3, S.20-22
- Type
- a
-
Dawson, A.: BUBL bursts out of Bath (1997)
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- Abstract
- The BUBL Information Service has recently moved to a new location at Strathclyde University, Scotland, and undergone major reorganization and enhancement. Outlines the main components of the new service and highlights some of its distinctive features
- Source
- Serials librarian. 31(1997) no.4, S.15-22
- Type
- a
-
Jones, P.A.; Bradbeer, P.V.G.: Discovery of optimal weights in a concept selection system (1996)
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- Abstract
- Describes the application of weighting strategies to model uncertainties and probabilities in automatic abstracting systems, particularly in the concept selection phase. The weights were originally assigned in an ad hoc manner and were then refined by manual analysis of the results. The new method attempts to derive a more systematic methods and performs this using a genetic algorithm
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Information retrieval: new systems and current research : Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94 (1996)
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- Content
- The 13 papers cover a wide range of specialist interest subjects grouped under the headings: logic and information retrieval; natural language; weighting and indexing strategies; user interfaces; and information policy
-
Sanderson, M.: ¬The Reuters test collection (1996)
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- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
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MacLennan, A.: Interesting times (1998)
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- Abstract
- It is apparent that, despite the common reference to the World Wide Web as a "digital library", it lacks any of the organising features which would be expected from a library. The rate of growth of Web resources is such that they have grown, and continue to grow, beyond the ability of human intervention to catalogue them or control access to them. The software tools which have so far emerged to assist searching are inadequate for the task, but it is hoped that a development in standards will lead to documents being created with the "hooks" in place, which will facilitate their retrieval by tools yet to be developed. Dublin Core metadata appears to be the optimum such emergent standard, and its use is to be encouraged among Web authors.
- Footnote
- Festschrift article to mark the retirement of Douglas Anderson from 24 years at the School of Information and Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
- Type
- a
-
Fieldhouse, M.; Hancock-Beaulieu, M.: ¬The design of a graphical user interface for a highly interactive information retrieval system (1996)
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- Abstract
- Reports on the design of a GUI for the Okapi 'best match' retrieval system developed at the Centre for Interactive Systems Research, City University, UK, for online library catalogues. The X-Windows interface includes an interactive query expansion (IQE) facilty which involves the user in the selection of query terms to reformulate a search. Presents the design rationale, based on a game board metaphor, and describes the features of each of the stages of the search interaction. Reports on the early operational field trial and discusses relevant evaluation issues and objectives
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Berger, F.C.; Hofstede, A.H.M. ter; Van der Weide, T.P.: Supporting query by navigation (1996)
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- Abstract
- Describes the technique used to study hypertext systems from a very general point of view, focus on monitoring searchers' behaviour, predict the estimation of the ultimate goals of the searchers, and estimate the searchers' determination to find these goals. The components are combined via a Markov chain approach so as to study information retrieval in general and hypertext (hypermedia) in particular. Demonstrates how these estimations can be used to assist searchers during their searching process and presents the derivation of a relevance function for documents, based on these estimations
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Richardson, R.; Smeaton, A.F.; Murphy, J.: Using WordNet for conceptual distance measurement (1996)
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- Abstract
- Reports results of research to develop an information retrieval technique employing a conceptual distance measure between words and based on a large thesaurus. The techniques is specifically designed for data sharing in large scale autonomous distributed federated databases (FDBS). The prototype federated dictionary system, FEDDICT, stores information on the location of data sets within the FDBS and on semantic relationships exisitng between these data sets. WordNet is used and tested as the medium for bulding and operating FEDDICT
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Brunt, R.: Old rules for a new game : Cutter revisited (1998)
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- Abstract
- It is contended that while there are considerable numbers of people interested in the application of information retrieval (IR) software on their home computers in their professional, working and recreational activities, they are not very well served in using it to best advantage. Describes the writer's attempts to transfer some of the recorded good practice of the first information managers to contemporary problems. Data input standards devoted to library organisation may be developed to establish a set of principles to encourage the consistent organisation of the entire range of objects which might be represented in databases. Specific areas of difficulty are examined.
- Date
- 24. 1.2007 19:38:22
- Footnote
- Festschrift article to mark the retirement of Douglas Anderson from 24 years at the School of Information and Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
- Type
- a
-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Abstract
- Document representations for text classification are typically based on the classical Bag-Of-Words paradigm. This approach comes with deficiencies that motivate the integration of features on a higher semantic level than single words. In this paper we propose an enhancement of the classical document representation through concepts extracted from background knowledge. Boosting is used for actual classification. Experimental evaluations on two well known text corpora support our approach through consistent improvement of the results.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
- Type
- a
-
Rasmussen Pennington, D.; Cagnazzo, L.: Connecting the silos : implementations and perceptions of linked data across European libraries (2019)
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- Abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine how information professionals in Scotland and in European national libraries perceive linked data (LD) as well as if and how they are implementing it. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied four data collection techniques: a literature review, semi-structured interviews (n=15), online resources analysis (n=26) and an online survey (n=113). They used constant comparative analysis to identify perceived benefits and challenges of LD implementation, reasons behind adoption or non-adoption of LD and the issues hindering its implementation in libraries. Findings Some projects demonstrate LD's potential to augment the visibility and discoverability of library data, alongside with overcoming linguistic barriers, and supporting interoperability. However, a strong need remains to demonstrate the Semantic Web's potential within libraries. Participants identified lack of expertise and lack of resources/time/staff as implementation barriers. Several other issues remain unsolved, such as licensing constraints, as well as difficulties with obtaining management buy-in for LD initiatives, even where open data are government-mandated. Practical implications Information professionals and vendors should collaborate to develop tools for implementation. Advocacy through disseminating and reviewing successful implementations can help to solve practical difficulties and to obtain management buy-in. Originality/value This is the first known study to present a multinational, comprehensive picture of library LD implementations and associated librarians' perceptions of LD.
- Type
- a
-
Almerri, J.; McGregor, D.R.: Codon signatures : a document retrieval method (1996)
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- Abstract
- The performance of an information retrieval system depends on its ability to distinguish between relevant and non relevant documents in response to users' information needs. Proposes a new method called Codon Signatures (CS) that is able to use a relationship between terms and concepts. The Codon Signature is designed to improve retrieval performance (recall and precision) by creating the Codon structure, a representation of semantic meaning in context. It is also designed to reduce the amount of storage space required by the index. Presents a theoretical analysis of CS paprameters and performance. The method was tested against 3 document base collections and gave acceptable results regarding information effectiveness and efficiency, compared to a conventional Signature Files method
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Johnson, F.C.: ¬A natural language understanding system for reference resolution in information dialogues (1996)
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- Abstract
- Demonstrates how a natural language understanding (NLU) system can be developed to utilize low level pragmatic information, primarily the linguistic context, to deal effectively with the linguistic devices of anaphors and ellipsis and allow users to query databases for reference information without the need for menus or fixed phrases and query structures. Describes the components which comprise a NLU system to deal with continuous dialogue. Given that the syntactic and semantic information can produce a suitable information of each utterance, pragmatic information may be used to determine how this contectual information determines the interpretation of subsequent utterances. Suggests that the approach taken allows the system to provide a cooperative response to assist the user in attaining the information seeking goal
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Soergel, D.: Knowledge organization for learning (2014)
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses and illustrates through examples how meaningful or deep learning can be supported through well-structured presentation of material, through giving learners schemas they can use to organize knowledge in their minds, and through helping learners to understand knowledge organization principles they can use to construct their own schemas. It is a call to all authors, educators and information designers to pay attention to meaningful presentation that expresses the internal structure of the domain and facilitates the learner's assimilation of concepts and their relationships.
- Pages
- S.22-32
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
- Type
- a
-
Crestani, F.; Rijsbergen, C.J. van: Information retrieval by imaging (1996)
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- Abstract
- Explains briefly what constitutes the imaging process and explains how imaging can be used in information retrieval. Proposes an approach based on the concept of: 'a term is a possible world'; which enables the exploitation of term to term relationships which are estimated using an information theoretic measure. Reports results of an evaluation exercise to compare the performance of imaging retrieval, using possible world semantics, with a benchmark and using the Cranfield 2 document collection to measure precision and recall. Initially, the performance imaging retrieval was seen to be better but statistical analysis proved that the difference was not significant. The problem with imaging retrieval lies in the amount of computations needed to be performed at run time and a later experiement investigated the possibility of reducing this amount. Notes lines of further investigation
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Kelledy, F.; Smeaton, A.F.: Signature files and beyond (1996)
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- Abstract
- Proposes that signature files be used as a viable alternative to other indexing strategies such as inverted files for searching through large volumes of text. Demonstrates through simulation, that search times can be further reduced by enhancing the basic signature file concept using deterministic partitioning algorithms which eliminate the need for an exhaustive search of the entire signature file. Reports research to evaluate the performance of some deterministic partitioning algorithms in a non simulated environment using 276 MB of raw newspaper text (taken from the Wall Street Journal) and real user queries. Presents a selection of results to illustrate trends and highlight important aspects of the performance of these methods under realistic rather than simulated operating conditions. As a result of the research reported here certain aspects of this approach to signature files are shown to be found wanting and require improvement. Suggests lines of future research on the partitioning of signature files
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
O'Donnell, R.; Smeaton, A.F.: ¬A linguistic approach to information retrieval (1996)
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- Abstract
- An important aspect of information retrieval systems is domain independence, where the subject of the information is not restricted to certain domains of knowledge. This should be able to represent any topic and although the text representation does not involve any semantic knowledge, lexical and syntactic analysis of the text allows the representation to remain domain independent. Reports research at Dublin City University, Ireland, which concentrates on the lexical and syntactic levels of natural language analysis and describes a domain independent automatic information retrieval system which accesses a very large database of newspaper text from the Wall Street Journal. The system represents the text in the form of syntax trees, and these trees are used in the matching process. Reports early results from the stuyd
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
-
Huibers, T.W.C.; Bruza, P.D.: Situations, a general framework for studying information retrieval (1996)
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- Abstract
- Presents a framework for the theoretical comparison of information retrieval models based on how the models decide aboutness. The framework is based on concepts emerging from the field of situation theory. So called infons and profons represent elementary information carriers which can be manipulated by unions and fusion operators. These operators allow relationships between information carriers to be established. Sets of infons form so called situations which are used to model the information born by objects such as documents. Demonstrates how an arbitrary information retrieval model can be mapped down into the framework with special functions defined for this purpose depending on the model at hand. 2 examples are given based on the Boolean retrieval and coordination level matching models. Starting from an axiomatization of aboutness, retrieval models can be compared according to which axioms they are governed by
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
- Type
- a
