Search (62 results, page 2 of 4)

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Abstract

Seit langer Zeit arbeiten Wissenschaftler an einer Automatisierung von Übersetzungen - bislang nur mit bescheidenem Erfolg. Zu teuer - zu starr - zu ungenau, das waren die wesentlichen Hindernisse bei der computergestützten Übersetzung. Mit dem 'PT' (Personal Translator) setzt IBM nach dem 'PC' (Personal Computer) wieder einen Meilenstein

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Footnote

Contribution to a symposium based on presentations made at a panel of the 7th annual Conference of the Social Science Computing Association entitled Possibilities in Computer Content Analysis of Text, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 1996

Source

Social science computer review. 15(1997) no.4, S.394-409

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Abstract

This comprehensive state-of-the-art book is the first devoted to the important and timely issue of evaluating NLP systems. It addresses the whole area of NLP system evaluation, including aims and scope, problems and methodology. The authors provide a wide-ranging and careful analysis of evaluation concepts, reinforced with extensive illustrations; they relate systems to their environments and develop a framework for proper evaluation. The discussion of principles is completed by a detailed review of practice and strategies in the field, covering both systems for specific tasks, like translation, and core language processors. The methodology lessons drawn from the analysis and review are applied in a series of example cases. A comprehensive bibliography, a subject index, and term glossary are included

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Abstract

Computer linguistics continues to be in need of an integrative language-theory model. Maria Theresia Rolland proposes such a model in her book 'Sprachverarbeitung durch Logotechnik' (1994). Relying upon the language theory of Leo Weisgerber, she pursues a pure 'content oriented' approach, by which she understands an approach in terms of the semantics of words. Starting from the 'implications' of word-contents, she attempts to construct a complete grammar of the German language. The reviewer begins his comments with an immanent critique, calling attention to a number of serious contradictions in Rolland's concept, among them, her refusal to take syntax into account despite its undeniable real presence.In the second part of his comments, the reviewer then takes up his own semiotic language theory published in 1981, showing that semantics is but one of four semiotic dimensions of language, the other dimanesion being the sigmatic, the pragmatic and the syntactic. Without taking all four dimensions into account, no theory can offer an adequate integrative language model. Indeed, without all four dimensions, one cannot even develop an adequate grammar of German sentence construction. The fourfold semiotic model dicloses as well the universally valid structures of language as the intersubjective expression of human self-awareness. Only on the basis of these universal structures, it is argued, is it possible to identify the specific structures of a native-language, and that on all four levels. This position has important consequences for the problems of computer translation and the comparative study and use of languages

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Abstract

Systran, the European Commission's multilingual machine translation system, is a fast service which is available to all Commission officials. The computer cannot match the skills of the professional translator, who must continue to be responsible for all texts which are legally binding or which are for publication. But machine translation can deal, in a matter of minutes, with short-lived documents, designed, say, for information or preparatory work, and which are required urgently. It can also give a broad view of a paper in an unfamiliar language, so that an official can decide how much, if any, of it needs to go to translators

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Abstract

Analyzed a special type of man-mchine interaction, that of searching an information system with natural language. A model for full text processing for information retrieval was proposed that considered the system's users and how they employ information. Describes how INIST (the National Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) is developing computer assisted indexing as an aid to improving relevance when retrieving information from bibliographic data banks

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Abstract

This progress report presents findings from a failure analysis of 2 commercial full text computer assisted legal research (CALR) systems. Linguistic analyzes of unretrieved documents als false drops reveal a number of potential causes for performance problems in these databases, ranging from synonymy and homography to discourse level cohesive relations. Ecxamines and discusses examples of natural language phenomena that affects Boolean retrieval system performance

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Abstract

The paper presents 2 different types of computer-based retrieval systems for text-type specific information ranging from phrases to whole standardized passages. The first part describes the structure of a full-text database for text prototypes, the second part, ways of storing text-type specific phrases and passages an a combined terminological and textographic database. The program used to illustrate this second kind of retrieval system is the terminology system CATS, which the Terminology Centre at the Faculty of Applied Linguistics and Cultural Studies of the University of Mainz in Germersheim uses for its FASTERM database

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Abstract

Für englische Web-Seiten und fremdsprachige Korrespondenz ist Übersetzungssoftware hilfreich, die per Mausklick den Text ins Deutsche überträgt und umgekehrt. Die neuen Versionen geben den Inhalt sinngemäß bereits gut wieder. CHIP hat die Leistungen von 5 Programmen getestet

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Abstract

Examines how techniques in the field of natural language processing can be applied to the analysis of text in information retrieval. State of the art text searching programs cannot distinguish, for example, between occurrences of the sickness, AIDS and aids as tool or between library school and school nor equate such terms as online or on-line which are variants of the same form. To make these distinction, systems must incorporate knowledge about the meaning of words in context. Research in natural language processing has concentrated on the automatic 'understanding' of language; how to analyze the grammatical structure and meaning of text. Although many asoects of this research remain experimental, describes how these techniques to recognize spelling variants, names, acronyms, and abbreviations

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Classification

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

RVK

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

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Content

Inhalt: 1. Die Mensch-Maschine-Beziehung: Sprache als Element der Mensch-Maschine-Beziehung. Der Sprechakt. Der Befehl als Sprachelement bei der Mensch-Maschine Kommunikation. Weitere Sprachelemente der Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation. Sprechen Computer anders? Werden wir wie die Computer sprechen? 2. Mikro- und makrosoziologische Einflüsse: Anthropomorphisierung des Computers. Digitalisierte Gesellschaft. Subgruppenspezifischer Einfluß des Computers 3. Schlußbetrachtung 4. Resumee 5. Anhang

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Abstract

Corpus linguistics is the study of large, computer held bodies of text. Some corpus linguists are concerned with language descriptions for its own sake. On the corpus-linguistic continuum, the study of raw ASCII text is situated at one end, and the study of heavily pre-coded text at the other. Discusses the use of word frequency to identify changes in the lexicon; word repetition and word positioning in automatic abstracting and word clusters in automatic text retrieval. Compares the machine extract with manual abstracts. Abstractors and indexers may find themselves taking the original wording of the text more into account as the focus moves towards the electronic medium and away from the hard copy

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Source

Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 15th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Glasgow 1993. Ed.: Ruben Leon

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Abstract

Kinder lernen es schon auf der Grundschule, aber für einen Computer ist es nach wie vor etwas vom SChwersten: Vorlesen. Es ist nicht nur die Produktion von Lauten durch die menschlichen Sprechorgane ein äußerst komplexer Vorgang, der vereinfachender Modellierung nur schwer zugänglich ist; um einen Satz richtig auszusprechen, muß man auch von seinem Sinn einen erheblichen Teil erfaßt haben. Gleichwohl macht die maschinelle Nachbildung dieses Prozesses Fortschritte, von einer linguistischen Vorverarbeitung des geschriebenen Textes bis hin zu einem marktfähigen Produkt: dem sprechenden Autoradio

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Footnote

Contribution to an issue devoted to papers from the International Conference on Knowledge Based Computer systems, 16-18 Dec 1996, Mumbai, India

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Series

Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science; 278. Natural language processing and machine translation

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Source

Computational linguistics. 22(1996) no.2, S.217-248