Search (63 results, page 2 of 4)

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Abstract

Computer and communications technology is having a profound impact on libraries and the way in which they serve their users. Discusses online catalogues in libraries, the development of the Internet and OSI, and the development of search and retrieve (SR) protocols to allow standardized access to library catalogues across communications networks. Considers the deployment of SR protocols, problems with interoperability of clients and servers, interlibrary loan possibilities of SR protocols, and the feasibility of electronic document delivery

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Abstract

Defines client/server computer architecture and discusses it in the context of library automation. Addresses the following issues: is client/server needed?; the role of the Z39.50 standard; utilizing existing hardware and software; writing specifications; staff requirements; training; and ongoing support. Presents the responses of 30 library automation vendors in the USA to a questionnaire survey regarding present and future applications of client/server technology. Includes a bibliography of materials used in the preparation of the report

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Abstract

Virtuelle Welten - eine neue Dimension in Datennetzen. Neben der Möglichkeit, sich mit Hilfe von Datenhandschuh und -helm in computergenerierten Räumen zu bewegen und Abenteuer zu erleben, bilden virtuelle Räume im WWW eine erweiterte Navigations- und Präsentationsmöglichkeit für Informationssysteme. Auf der Basis einer breitbandigen rechnergestützten Kommunikationsinfrastruktur wie den DFN kann ein bestimmtes Thema - hier ein Stadtspaziergang durch Hannover - mit der Kombination von 2- und 3-dimensionalen Navigationselementen dem Betrachter nahegebracht werden

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Abstract

Der Aufsatz untersucht das Z39.50 / SR Protokoll und seine Client/Server Umgebung. Die Funtionalität des Z39.50 und die Anwendung in Netzwerken wie dem Internet wird diskutiert. Die Anwendung des Z39.50 in Bibliothekssystemen wird dem Benutzer einfachen und plattformübergreifenden Zugriff auf Informationen bieten. Das Protokoll schafft eine Benutzerumgebung, die anbieterunabhängig arbeitet

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Abstract

In Sept. 1990, the US Dept. of Education's Library Technology and Cooperation Grants Program awarded a three-year grant to the Florida Center for Library Automation (FCLA), an agency of the Florida State University System, to develop software adhering to the ANSI Z39.50 Information Retrieval protocol standard. The Z39.50 software was to operate over the OSI communications protocols and be integrated with FCLA's NOTIS system, which is shared by all 9 state universities in Florida. In order to test the correctness of its Z39.50 software, FCLA sought out other library software developers who would be willing to develop Z39.50 systems of their own. As part of this process, FCLA helped to found the Z39.50 Implementor's Group (ZIG), which has since gone on to improve the standard and promote Z39.50 implementations throughout much of the North American library systems marketplace. Early on in the project, it became apparent that TCP/IP would be a more heavily used communication vehicle for Z39.50 messages than OSI. FCLA expanded its design to include TCP/IP and, by the end of the grant in Sept. 1993, will have a working Z39.50 system that can communicate over both OSI and TCP/IP networks

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Abstract

Während in den 80er und zu Beginn der 90er Jahre Überwachungsverfahren und die Verletzlichkeit der vernetzten Informationsgesellschaft Gegenstand alternativer Technikkritik waren, scheinen die damit verbundenen Gefahren mit der Verbreitung des Internet weitgehend verflogen zu sein. Zumindest findet ein diesbezüglicher Diskurs kaum statt, und auch Kritiker sind zu begeisterten Nutzern geworden. Interessanterweise ist jedoch gerade das Internet ein in mancher Hinsicht unsicheres und datenschutzunfreundlicheres Netz als früher kritisierte Netze und Dienste, wie etwa ISDN oder BTX. Das technische Netzkonzept und die Organisationsform seines Betriebs lassen zentral organisierte Grundschutzkonzepte wirkungslos werden, so daß hier viel vom Selbstschutz der Beteiligten abhängt. Diesen zu stärken, wäre ein wichtiges technologie- und gesellschaftspolitisches Ziel der kommenden Jahre

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Abstract

Details the elements of the ISO Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing. Explores the challenges facing in from multimedia and stream communication

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Abstract

Bequem, übersichtlich und topaktuell: die neue Startseite von T-Online, Lotse genannt, ist Zeitung und Suchsystem in einem

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Abstract

Explains the basic principles of the ISO Search and Retrieve (SR) standard which facilitates the searching and retrieval of data from computers via electronic networks regardless of the hardware and software used. Provides an introduction to SR and addresses the parameters of SR servies. Abstract Syntax Notation 1 and the preliminary implementation of an SR Update Service in the KARIN cataloguing system

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Abstract

Adaptive, in-call, bandwidth reservation may be used to enhance bandwidth utilization in a policed asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path shared by traffic streams originated by many bursty sources. Presents a model, based on Markov-modulated sources and stochastic fluid methods, for performance analysis of the proposed mechanism. The model, corroborated by simulations, is used to study achievable bandwidth gain and the effects of feedback delay and competing reservation processes

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Abstract

Open System Interconnection (OSI) Standard 7498 appeared in 1984. Open systems of PCs and workstations decentralize information processing and divide it between several computers, based on the client-server concept. Relevant terminology is explained, including application protocol, bases of the SR/Z39.50 model, data transmission, search request services, query types, attribute sets, transmission format, transfer syntax, solution models and cooperation between library systems

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Abstract

Examines a number of possible OSI system implementation strategies based on the various prevailing system facilities: processes, threads, kernel and front-end processors. Analyzes the pros and cons of the strategies showing their relative merits in implementation. The analysis leads to the recommendation of an enhanced subsystem architecture that holds the best compromise of the conflicting requirements of modularity and efficiency

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Abstract

The Z39.50 standard for information retrieval is important from a number of perspectives. While still not widely known within the computer networking community, it is a mature standard that represents the culmination of two decades of thinking and debate about how information retrieval functions can be modeled, standardized, and implemented in a distributed systems environment. And - importantly -- it has been tested through substantial deployment experience. Z39.50 is one of the few examples we have to date of a protocol that actually goes beyond codifying mechanism and moves into the area of standardizing shared semantic knowledge. The extent to which this should be a goal of the protocol has been an ongoing source of controversy and tension within the developer community, and differing views on this issue can be seen both in the standard itself and the way that it is used in practice. Given the growing emphasis on issues such as "semantic interoperability" as part of the research agenda for digital libraries (see Clifford A. Lynch and Hector Garcia-Molina. Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda, Report on the May 18-19, 1995 IITA Libraries Workshop, <http://www- diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html>), the insights gained by the Z39.50 community into the complex interactions among various definitions of semantics and interoperability are particularly relevant. The development process for the Z39.50 standard is also of interest in its own right. Its history, dating back to the 1970s, spans a period that saw the eclipse of formal standards-making agencies by groups such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and informal standards development consortia. Moreover, in order to achieve meaningful implementation, Z39.50 had to move beyond its origins in the OSI debacle of the 1980s. Z39.50 has also been, to some extent, a victim of its own success -- or at least promise. Recent versions of the standard are highly extensible, and the consensus process of standards development has made it hospitable to an ever-growing set of new communities and requirements. As this process of extension has proceeded, it has become ever less clear what the appropriate scope and boundaries of the protocol should be, and what expectations one should have of practical interoperability among implementations of the standard. Z39.50 thus offers an excellent case study of the problems involved in managing the evolution of a standard over time. It may well offer useful lessons for the future of other standards such as HTTP and HTML, which seem to be facing some of the same issues.
This paper, which will appear in two parts, starting with this issue of D-Lib, looks at several strategic issues surrounding Z39.50. After a relatively brief overview of the function and history of the protocol, I will examine some of the competing visions of the protocol's role, with emphasis on issues of interoperability and the incorporation of semantics. The second installment of the paper will look at questions related to the management of the standard and the standards development process, with emphasis on the scope of the protocol and how that relates back again to interoperability questions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the adoption and deployment of the standard, its relationship to other standards, and some speculations on future directions for the protocol. This paper is not intended to be a tutorial on the details of how current or past versions of Z39.50 work. These technical details are covered not only in the standard itself (which can admittedly be rather difficult reading) but also in an array of tutorial and review papers (see <http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency> for bibliographies and pointers to on-line information on Z39.50). Instead, the paper's focus is on how and why Z39.50 developed the way it did, and the conceptual debates that have influenced its evolution and use. While a detailed technical knowledge of the operation of Z39.50 is certainly helpful, it should not be necessary in order to follow most of the material here. Some disclaimers are in order. I have been actively involved in the development of Z39.50 since the early 1980s and have been a participant -- and on occasion, even an instigator -- of some of the activities described here. This paper is an attempt to make a critical assessment of the current state of Z39.50 and a review of its development with the full benefit of hindsight. It recounts a number of debates that occurred within the developer community over the past years. In many of these, I advocated specific positions or approaches, sometimes successfully and sometimes unsuccessfully. What is presented here is one person's perspective - mine --, which is sometimes at odds with the current consensus with the developer community; I've tried to represent opposing views fairly, and to differentiate my opinions from fact or consensus. However, others will undoubtedly disagree with many of the comments here.

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Abstract

This article will examine the Z39.50 Information Retrieval protocol. It will look at some of the history of the protocol, its operation, and some of the major projects that have made use of it. There has been enough written (perhaps too much) about Z39.50 in the last several years so it is not intended to be a tutorial or detailed description of the protocol. The material that will be presented will try and put some context around the discussion. For those readers who are interested in delving into Z39.50 in a more technical manner, references to much of the material that has been written about it over the years will be provided at the end. Finally, the article will conclude with some thoughts on how technology and technological infrastructure have changed in the years since Z39.50 was initially developed and deployed, and where the protocol has so far lived up to its goals, and where it has perhaps failed to meet some of the high expectations that at least some people involved in the Z39.50 community held for it. The article will conclude with some of the author's speculations (and they are really no more than that) of what the future role of Z39.50 is likely to be.

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Content

"Robert T-Online hat endlich wieder einen spannenden Job. Die Aufgabe, Anleger für den Börsengang der Telekom-Internettochter zu begeistern, hat das virtuelle Reklamemännchen abgehakt. Jetzt wirbt der strohblonde Robert bundesweit auf Plakaten und in Zeitungsanzeigen für ,Sssssuper-Highspeed zum Sssssuperpreis". Gemeint ist der brandneue Internettarif T-Online DSL Flat 49 Mark Pauschale im Monat für unbegrenztes Surfen im World Wide Web ohne zusätzliche Telefongebühren. Und das bei Übertragungsraten von 768 Kilobit pro Sekunde für das Herunterladen und 128 Kilobit pro Sekunde für das Versenden von Daten. Also satte zwölfmal so schnell wie bei einem herkömmlichen ISDN-Anschluss. Für Telekom-Marketingvorstand Detlev Buchal ein schlicht unschlagbares Angebot". Das Kürzel DSL steht für "Digital Subscriber Line", zu deutsch "Digitale Teilnehmer-Leitung". DSL-Technologie ermöglicht die Ubertragung breitbandiger Datendienste auf herkömmlichen Telefon-Kupferkabeln. DSL-Zugänge ins Internet bieten nicht nur einen deutlich rascheren Seitenaufbau, sie leisten vor allem erstmals die Übermittlung von Bild- und Tondateien in befriedigender Qualität auf den PC. Mit DSL kann das strapazierte Schlagwort vom Internet-Fernsehen erstmals Realität werden. Zwar hält der Pink Panther schon seit Sommer 1999 unter dem Produktnamen T-DSV für Geschäfts- und Privatkunden auch einen Online-Hochgeschwindigkeitszug unter Dampf. Doch das Angebot stand nur in einigen Ballungsräumen zur Verfügung, schreckte den gemeinen Web-Nutzer durch allzu hohe Entgelte ab und lockte deshalb bisher nur rund 100 000 Interessenten hinter dem PC hervor. Mit der seit Monatsbeginn gültigen drastischen Preissenkung hat sich der Bonner Multimedia-Riese nicht weniger vorgenommen, als in den nächsten Jahren die breite Masse der bereits über 18 Millionen deutschen Internet-Nutzer in Highspeed-Surfer zu verwandeln.
Und das auf den Telefonstrippen der Deutschen Telekom, als Kunden des hauseigenen Internet-Dienstes T-Online. Unser Ziel ist ganz klar", verkündet Telekom-Manager Buchal: "Die Deutsche Telekom macht mit T-DSL aus dem Internet das schnelle Internet für jedermann". Um tatsächlich alle Welt mit den Hochgeschwindigkeits-Datennetz beglücken zu können, muss allerdings das Telefonnetz in den nächsten Monaten aufgerüstet werden. Bis Ende des Jahres soll der Web-Turbo bereits in rund 600 Ortsnetzen, bis Ende 2001 für 90 Prozent aller Haushalte zur Verfügung stehen. Ende 2000 wollen Buchal und Kollegen 500 000 DSL-Kunden gewonnen haben. Wichtigster Telekom-Kooperationspartner bei der Errichtung der anspruchsvollen DSL-Infrastruktur ist die Firma Siemens. Über die Investitionskosten des Vorhabens wahrt die Bonner Telekomzentrale Stillschweigen. Wer das neue DSI-Verfahren von T-Online nutzen will, kann das sowohl mit einem ISDN-Telefonanschluss als auch mit einer herkömmlichen Leitung. Alle momentan angebotenen ISDN-Tarife der Telekom, aber auch der "analoge" T-Net-Tarif - sind mit dem DSL-Pauschalpreis von 49 Mark kombinierbar Die notwendigen Zusatzgeräte (DSL-Modem und Splitter) werden von der Telekom zur Verfügung gestellt. Unternehmen wie die Hamburger TV-Produktionsfirma MME (Me, Myself & Eye) warten bereits sehnlichst auf eine stärkere Verbreitung von DSL-Anschlüssen. MME will auf speziellen Intemet-TV-Kanälen Pop-Konzerte und Musikvideos ausstrahlen. Für unser Geschäft sind breitbandige Internet-Zugänge zu günstigen Preisen absolut essentiell", betont Christoph Post, MME-Vorstand Neue Medien. Deshalb sind wir hocherfreut über die Aktivitäten der Telekom."
Weniger begeistert sind die Rivalen der Telekom beim Kampf um den Telefon- und Internetmarkt. Sie werden von der TarifOffensive kalt erwischt. Arcor-Mannesmann etwa dürfte mit dem gerade eingeführten Angebot von 79 Mark für einen 768-Kilobit-Zugang in Zwangs-Kombination mit einem Hochpreis-ISDN-Anschluss beim Kunden wenig Punkte sammeln. Online-Hauptkonkurrent AOL hat das Produkt DSL-Flatrate bislang überhaupt noch nicht auf dem Plan. Dabei könnte das hauseigene Intemet-TV-Angebot AOLlive durch den DSL-Turbo profitieren. Auch bei der Bertelsmann Broadband Group (BBG) ist man mit den DSL-Offerten der Telekom nicht zufrieden. Allerdings aus anderen Gründen. Das Hamburger Unternehmen möchte über Telefonund Kabelnetze interaktives Fernsehen in die Haushalte schicken. "Die Bandbreite ist das entscheidende Handicap", sagt Michael Schacht, Leiter Produktmanagement der BBG. Um unsere Angebote über DSL-Leitungen in guter Qualität auf einen Fernseher zu schicken, reichen 768 Kilobit nicht aus. Wir brauchen mindestens zwei Megabit." Helle Aufregung herrscht bei Deutschlands Kabelnetzbetreibern. Für eine "Kriegserklärung" an die Branche hält Dietmar Schickel, Geschäftsführer des Netzbetreibers Telecolumbus, das Vorgehen der Telekom. Telecolumbus bietet M Berlin einen Highspeed-Zugang zum Web über das TV-Netz an. 49 Mark sind ein quer subventionierter Dumpingpreis. Der Monopolist zeigt seine Krallen", schimpft Schickel. Hintergrund der Empörung: In den Businessplänen der KabelnetzUnternehmen steht die Vermarktung von Highspeed-Internet-Zugängen ganz oben. Sollte die Telekom mit ihrer DSL-Großoffensive in den nächsten zwei Jahren den Markt der Highspeed-Kunden abschöpfen, könnten sich die Milliardeninvestionen, die jetzt in die Modernisierung der Kabelnetze gesteckt werden, nicht mehr rechnen. "Das Tarifdumping" mahnt Schickel, "ist ein Fall für den Regulierer"."

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine if the searching behaviour of remote users of LIAS, Penn State's online catalogue differed from those using the OPAC within the library. More than 1.000 searches done by remote users (those accessing the system via either dial-access or the university's computer network) were compared to more than 1.000 searches done by in-house users. Each search was duplicated step by step and analysed according to a pre-determined set of criteria. Although few dramatic differences were found between the 2 groups, there were enough subtle differences to generate interest. In general, remote users are the more sophisticated searchers, bearing out the assumption that remote users seem to have a better conceptual knowledge of how an information system should operate. On the other hand, they struggle more with the procedural details of how to use the OPAC. Dial-access users seem to constitute a unique group of users: their searches are often quite different than those done by either network or in-house users

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Abstract

Describes SUNET, the Swedish University Network, a medium speed network connecting most most mainframe and smaller computers in Swedish universities. Discusses the application of SUNET to remote access to OPACs

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Content

Wisenswertes für den ISDN-Einstieg - So installieren Sie ISDN - ISDN und Windows95 - Per ISDN in T-Online, AOL und CompuServe - Per ISDN ins Internet - Filetransfer, Fax und Voice mit ISDN - ISDN unter Windows NT - ISDN unter OS/2

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Abstract

Hinich and Molyneux review the literature of internet measurement and note three results consistently to be found in network traffic studies. These are "self-similarity," "long-range dependence," by which is meant that events in one time are correlated with events in a previous time and remain so through longer time periods than expected, and "heavy tails" by which they mean many small connections with low byte counts and a few long connections with large byte counts. The literature also suggests that conventional time series analysis is not helpful for network analysis. Using a single day's traffic at the Berkeley National Labs web server, cumulated TCP flows were collected, log transforms were used with the adding of .01 to all values allowing log transforms of the zero values, and providing a distribution that overcomes the heavy tail problem. However, Hinich's bicorrelation test for nonlinearity using overlapping moving windows found strong evidence of nonlinear structures. Time series analysis assumes linear systems theory and thus additivity and scalability. Spectral analysis should provide large peaks at the lowest frequencies if long range dependence is present since the power spectrum would go to infinity if the frequency goes to zero. This does not occur and so long range dependence must be questioned, at least until it is determined what effect other OSI layers may have on the TCP data.