Search (642 results, page 32 of 33)

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Abstract

This is the book the authors wish they had when they did their first SGML implementation. The SGML implementation guide gives you the tools you need to get your implementation started and provides help in every step of the process, from the business case, through data migration, to application development and training. There is also a technical appendix covering the SGML standard and what is necessary to write SGML applications. This book contains years of practical experience by the authors. The reader will get up-to-speed very quickly, and will be able to build the business case and implement an SGML system in his organization

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Abstract

Delayed open access (OA) refers to scholarly articles in subscription journals made available openly on the web directly through the publisher at the expiry of a set embargo period. Although a substantial number of journals have practiced delayed OA since they started publishing e-versions, empirical studies concerning OA have often overlooked this body of literature. This study provides comprehensive quantitative measurements by identifying delayed OA journals and collecting data concerning their publication volumes, embargo lengths, and citation rates. Altogether, 492 journals were identified, publishing a combined total of 111,312 articles in 2011; 77.8% of these articles were made OA within 12 months from publication, with 85.4% becoming available within 24 months. A journal impact factor analysis revealed that delayed OA journals have citation rates on average twice as high as those of closed subscription journals and three times as high as immediate OA journals. Overall, the results demonstrate that delayed OA journals constitute an important segment of the openly available scholarly journal literature, both by their sheer article volume and by including a substantial proportion of high-impact journals.

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Abstract

Open-access mega-journals (OAMJs) are characterized by their large scale, wide scope, open-access (OA) business model, and "soundness-only" peer review. The last of these controversially discounts the novelty, significance, and relevance of submitted articles and assesses only their "soundness." This article reports the results of an international survey of authors (n = 11,883), comparing the responses of OAMJ authors with those of other OA and subscription journals, and drawing comparisons between different OAMJs. Strikingly, OAMJ authors showed a low understanding of soundness-only peer review: two-thirds believed OAMJs took into account novelty, significance, and relevance, although there were marked geographical variations. Author satisfaction with OAMJs, however, was high, with more than 80% of OAMJ authors saying they would publish again in the same journal, although there were variations by title, and levels were slightly lower than subscription journals (over 90%). Their reasons for choosing to publish in OAMJs included a wide variety of factors, not significantly different from reasons given by authors of other journals, with the most important including the quality of the journal and quality of peer review. About half of OAMJ articles had been submitted elsewhere before submission to the OAMJ with some evidence of a "cascade" of articles between journals from the same publisher.

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Abstract

It is accepted wisdom that documents should be represented in terms of their logical structure rather than their appearance. Nevertheless most of the popular document processing systems concentrate on appearance rather than structure, mainly because most users opt for a user interface that is interactive, simple and direct. Considers issues related to fonts and other appearance attributes within hypertext documents. Presents the relevant differences between hypertext systems and document preparation systems whose end product is paper Describes schemes for representing appearance through logical structure. The scheme aims to meet the extra needs of hypertext systems, and yet still to be simple enough to attract wide usage.

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Abstract

Promotes a future vision of the electronic journal and its role in scholarly communication. Aims to stimulate further a through discussion that will ensure a continued successful evolution of the electronic journal. Examines the tradition, evolving and future scientific scholarly communication system, considering limitations of traditional and existing systems. Considers what publishers, librarians and scholars should be aware of to make the system function smoothly. Examines the need for a scientific electronic system and the challenges that it poses. Suggests planning considerations for such a system

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Abstract

This paper suggests a standard format for creating hypermedia software. Teachers and students of literature have taken up the use of hypermedia technology enthusiastically and so we are rapidly arriving at a situation where a mushrooming of software for language and literature teaching will be faced. We will arrive much sooner at a situation where searching for an appropriate software would be as difficult as finding an appropriate article today. Technology is expected to optimise information to maximise knowledge: the confusion created by Gutenberg's invention is because duplication cannot be avoided. The suggested format is based on the major pillars of literary criticism - author centred, text centred and reader centred - and develops from the word to the work level. The findings have been demonstrated in the form of Technocriticism, a hypermedia program created on HyperCard

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Abstract

Reviews the introduction and growth of the Internet with particular reference to examples of sources of information on chemistry available on the Internet and WWW. Cites the advantage of the Internet as a cheaper way of accessing online database hosts, such as DIALOG, CAS/STN and QUESTEL-ORBIT. Concludes with a discussion of the electronic publishing opportunities of the Internet, noting the 4 major components of such a development: peer review, quality control, copyright and language issues; the role and activities of publishers and periodicals of the future; the future role of the abstracting services, particular in the area of improved quality control; and the users of chemical information

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Abstract

Reviews the processes available for creating and encoding electronic texts and the availability and types of text analysis and retrieval software. Considers the main elements involved in text encoding; preparation; scanning; keying; reusing electronic texts from archives, such as the Oxford Text Archive (http://ota.ox.ac.uk/~archive.ota.html) and the Electronic Text Center at Virginia University (http://www.lib.virginia.edu/etext/ETC.html); encoding standards; markup; prescriptive versus descriptive approaches; proprietary and non proprietary markup and encoding schemes; PostScript; portable electronic documents; SGML; and the Text Encoding Initiative. Concludes with a review of computer aided text analysis and of text analysis and retrieval software with note on aids to finding information online via the Internet and WWW

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Abstract

Current hypertext systems have been widely and effectively used on relatively small data volumes. Explores the potential of database technology for aiding the implementation of hypertext systems holding very large amounts of complex data. Databases meet many requirements of the hypermedium: persistent data management, large volumes, data modelling, multi-level architecture with abstractions and views, metadata integrated with operational data, short-term transaction processing and high-level end-user languages for searching and updating data. Describes a system implementing the storage, retrieval and recall of trails through hypertext comprising textual complex objects (to illustrate the potential for the use of data bases). Discusses weaknesses in current database systems for handling the complex modelling required

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Abstract

This article examines the entry of the major academic publishing houses into the WWW publishing. The study identified that during 1997, traditional academic publishers made significant commitments to putting tables of content, abstracts, and the full-text of their print journals on the Web. At the same time, new services and organizations emerged that could ultimately compete with, or eliminate, the need for certain segments of the industry. The authors suggest that these early experiments in Web publishing began unevenly with areas that needed improvement. The article concludes with a discussion about the implications of the traditional academic publisher's presence on the Web

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Abstract

The papers presented at the 2002 Tri-Society Symposium an Chemical Information highlight questions we should consider as we develop new paradigms for information storage and retrieval systems. These new knowledge management systems will require novel approaches for data discovery, collection development, and the changing role of the librarian. This introductory essay discusses new and challenging integrated tools for data manipulation, the confusing and embryonic differential pricing and package deals for journal materials, and the changing role of the librarian in this rapidly transforming industry.

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Abstract

The abbreviation SGML stands for Standard Generalized Markup Language. Markup refers to adding style and formatting information to text prior to publication. It is a standard because SGML has been accepted and published by the ISO, and is not owned by any manufacturer or software vendor. It is generalized because SGML is powerful and flexible, allowing it to be used in many applications. And it is a language that embodies a specification for creation of a set of rules to define the structure of a document. SGML has been designed to easily cross incompatible computer platforms, and its 'open' nature allows for relatively simple access and manipulation of an SGML conforming document by both people and computers. Above all, SGML proposes a new way of thinking about document creation and presentation, by shifting document style considerations to the publication process rather than the creation process. This is done by dividing the document into names, logical elements, to which any style can be later applied. A byproduct of this approach is the effective creation of a flexible database, providing further access to the data for information retrieval or for re-publication

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Abstract

Electronic books have become an important mechanism for the dissemination of large volumes of multimedia and hypermedia information. The utility of books of this sort depends very much upon the use of efficient and effective end user interfaces that embed appropriate book related metaphors. Discusses the use of such metaphors and some experiments aimed at evaluating the uitlity of the book metaphor with respect to reading and referencing tasks. Presents a case study (the Book Emulator) which illustrates how information technology can be used to create online books and lectures for use in university teaching. Concludes with a short discussion of some possible future directions of development of electronic books, that add enhancements to the basic book metaphor and which will enable easier and more widespread access to publications of this sort

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Abstract

The SGML is an international standard (ISO 8879) allowing the logical structure of electronic documents to be represented rigorously and independent of applications. Proposes a strategy that libraries can consider when implementing SGML applications on top of existing products, or when embedding these in innovative end user services. Discusses experiences of SGML, within the VUBIS-Antwerpen Library Network (Belgium). VUBIS-Antwerpen has adopted SGML as a key standard for the exploitation of its bibliograpical data (union catalogues, document ordering, online contents, current awareness, publishing on the WWW). With the move towards electronic publication and distribution of documents, SGML tends to become a crucial standard for digital libraries. Projects such as TEI, ELSA, DECOMATE and ELVYN now focus on access to and elivery of full text electronic documents, using SGML to manipulate, process and transform documents for the purpose of full text searching or hypertext navigation

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Abstract

This selective bibliography presents over 1,900 articles, books, and other printed and electronic sources that are useful in understanding scholarly electronic publishing efforts on the Internet

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Abstract

Font-rendering technologies play a critical role in presenting clear and aesthetic fonts to enhance the experience of reading from computer screens. This article presents three studies investigating visual and psychological correlates of people's preferences toward different onscreen text enhancements such as ClearType developed by Microsoft. Findings suggested that (a) people's acuity and hue sensitivity were two major factors that affect their preferences to ClearType's color filtering of subpixels on fonts, and (b) specific personality traits such as disagreeableness also could correlate with people's impressions of different onscreen text enhancements that were used. These empirical data would inform digital typographers and human-computer interaction scientists who aim to develop better systems of onscreen reading.

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Abstract

Google Book Search, initially released as Google Print, allows the full-text searching of millions of books supplied by both publishers and libraries. More than 10,000 publishers and dozens of research libraries contribute. The Library Project is significant because it is a partnership with a commercial entity, because Google is funding the digitization, because the project exists on such a massive scale, and because of the speed with which so many works have been and are being scanned. The aspect that has created the most controversy, and legal action, is that some libraries are contributing works that are protected by copyright. A fascinating and critical debate has arisen around copyright protection, the fair use privilege, and what these mean in the digital age.

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Abstract

It has been suggested that institutional e-print services will become an important way of achieving the wide availability of e-prints across a broad range of subject disciplines. However, as yet there are few exemplars of this sort of service. This paper describes how physicists make use of an established centralized subject-based e-prints service, arXiv (formerly known as the Los Alamos XXX service), and discusses the possible implications of this use for institutional multidisciplinary e-print archives. A number of key points are identified, including technical issues (such as file formats and user interface design), management issues (such as submission procedures and administrative staff support), economic issues (such as installation and support costs), quality issues (such as peer review and quality control criteria), policy issues (such as digital preservation and collection development standards), academic issues (such as scholarly communication cultures and publishing trends), and legal issues (such as copyright and intellectual property rights). These are discussed with reference to the project to set up a pilot institutional e-print service at the University of Nottingham, UK. This project is being used as a pragmatic way of investigating the issues surrounding institutional e-print services, particularly in seeing how flexible the e-prints model actually is and how easily it can adapt itself to disciplines other than physics.