Search (15 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

This article reviews selected literature related to the credibility of information, including (1) the general markers of credibility, and how different source, message and receiver characteristics affect people's perceptions of information; (2) the impact of information medium on the assessment of credibility; and (3) the assessment of credibility in the context of information presented on the Internet. The objective of the literature review is to synthesize the current state of knowledge in this area, develop new ways to think about how people interact with information presented via the Internet, and suggest next steps for research and practical applications. The review examines empirical evidence, key reviews, and descriptive material related to credibility in general, and in terms of on-line media. A general discussion of credibility and persuasion and a description of recent work on the credibility and persuasiveness of computer-based applications is presented. Finally, the article synthesizes what we have learned from various fields, and proposes a model as a framework for much-needed future research in this area

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Abstract

Das Projekt einer Künstlichen Intelligenz verliert seine suggestive Kraft. Doch die visionäre Lücke, die damit entsteht, bleibt nicht unbesetzt. Eine neue Utopie zeichnet sich ab. Sie handelt nicht vom Computer als einem Werkzeug des Denkens, vielmehr vom Computer als einem Medium der Kommunikation. Es geht um eine Verbindung von Datenverarbeitung und Telekommunikation, welche die Einseitigkeit der Fernkommunikation zu überwinden erlaubt. Das Versprechen ist dabei, daß die wechselseitige Bezugnahme und Anschließbarkeit, die wir kennen aus den mündlichen Gesprächen zwischen anwesenden Personen, nun auch unter den Bedingungen einer Abwesenheit der Kommunizierenden technisch realisierbar werde. 'Interaktivität' wird hierbei zu einer Schlüsselkategorie

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Abstract

Examines the challenge for librarians presented with members of the public wanting to make use of the Internet, who may anticipate that finding information on the WWW is a relative straightforward matter. Looks at the kind of guidance needed in using both the Windows operating system and Web browsers. Points out that users will have to learn how to cope with the frustrations inherent to the current realities of the Internet, and specific problems such as the need for absolute precision when entering Web addresses. Reference interviews may be required to determine whether the Web is the best source for the information sought in a particular instance, to help formulate appropriate search strategies, and evaluate and present the information that users retrieve

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Abstract

In the Web, making judgments of information quality and authority is a difficult task for most users because overall, there is no quality control mechanism. This study examines the problem of the judgment of information quality and cognitive authority by observing people's searching behavior in the Web. Its purpose is to understand the various factors that influence people's judgment of quality and authority in the Web, and the effects of those judgments on selection behaviors. Fifteen scholars from diverse disciplines participated, and data were collected combining verbal protocols during the searches, search logs, and postsearch interviews. It was found that the subjects made two distinct kinds of judgment: predictive judgment, and evaluative judgment. The factors influencing each judgment of quality and authority were identified in terms of characteristics of information objects, characteristics of sources, knowledge, situation, ranking in search output, and general assumption. Implications for Web design that will effectively support people's judgments of quality and authority are also discussed

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Theme

Computer Based Training

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Abstract

Starts from the premise that meaning is not an intrinsic property of information items. Approaches to 'meaning' in diverse humanities disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and the history of arts and music, are drawn on to enhance the understanding of meaning in the context of multimedia information retrieval on the Internet. The approaches described include philosophy of language and meaning, psychology of language including repertory grids and semantic differential, iconography and levels of meaning, and representation of music. A consistent theme in all these disciplines is the recognition that meaning is context dependent and may be analyzed at a variety of different levels, with nomenclature and number of levels varying across disciplines. Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of searching and retrieval on the Internet with particular emphasis on subject content and meaning. It shows the limitations of searching using the most basic level of meaning, while attempting to cater for a wide diversity of information resources and users. Recommends enhanced retrieval interfaces linked to the needs of specific user groups and the characteristics of specific media on the Internet

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Abstract

Internet use research has focused on user surveys and novice learner studies, using survey, experimental, and ethnographic methods. They share a focus on user-based categories in the affective and cognitve domains. Information behaviour has an affective component that influences the direction of cognitive processing through hierarchically organized goals, characterized by both an individual and a cultural component. Research in human-computer interaction is evolving a user-centred methodology for system design and instruction that focuses on integrating affective and cognitive user variables to increase productivity, creativity, and human growth

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Abstract

Trust in information is developing into a vitally important topic as the Internet becomes increasingly ubiquitous within society. Although many discussions of trust in this environment focus on issues like security, technical reliability, or e-commerce, few address the problem of trust in the information obtained from the Internet. The authors assert that there is a strong need for theoretical and empirical research on trust within the field of information science. As an initial step, the present study develops a model of trust in digital information by integrating the research on trust from the behavioral and social sciences with the research on information quality and human- computer interaction. The model positions trust as a key mediating variable between information quality and information usage, with important consequences for both the producers and consumers of digital information. The authors close by outlining important directions for future research on trust in information science and technology.

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Abstract

With the proliferation of new information channels such as the Web, e-mail and wireless, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the impact of these technologies within information-seeking and retrieval contexts. This issue of Aslib Proceedings presents research that begins to address the notion of "information disparity". It aims to weave a common thread between the challenges of reconciling disparate information needs in an environment complicated by fragmented or disparate data sources. This article lists several emerging trends that should begin to challenge traditional notions of our research field.

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Abstract

Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am 22. Oktober die folgende »Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen« (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz in Berlin. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.

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Content

"Und wer hat noch welche von diesen flachen schwarzen Scheiben, viereckig waren die, ziemlich groß, deutlich größer als ein Handteller, und man musste vorsichtig sein, vorne nicht auf das Magnetfeld zu fassen? Genau, Fünfeinviertelzolldisketten hießen die. Süß, oder? Toll waren auch diese dings, diese Kassetten für den Computer, die gab's für den C16, mit Tennisspielen drauf, genau: Datassetten. So nannte man die. Bei Computern vergehen bloß ein paar Jahre, schon darf man in alten Zeiten schwelgen. Die Technik aus den Achtzigern: längst völlig überholt, veraltet wie ein Ochsenpflug. Das ist aber nicht nur romantisch. Es ist auch schlimm. "Historiker werden auf diese Zeit zurückblicken und eine Periode mit sehr wenigen Informationen wahrnehmen", sagt der Computerdesigner Danny Hillis. Damit meint er: Unsere Nachwelt wird von uns kaum etwas finden. Wir, die Menschen des Internet- Zeitalters, des dritten Jahrtausends, der Foto-SMS-WAP-Handys - wir sind den Historikern der Zukunft womöglich ein Rätsel. Was haben die Leute im Jahre 2002 für Musik gehört? Was für wissenschaftliche Experimente haben sie unternommen? Wir sind vielleicht mal eine Lücke in der Geschichte. Was haben die Staatsmänner geschrieben? Was für Bilder, für Filme, für Ideen haben sie gemocht? Wie haben sie gefeiert? Wir werden eine Lücke in der Geschichte sein, weil wir uns nicht hineinschreiben. Oder besser: Weil wir uns ständig selbst löschen. Wer hat denn zu den putzigen ollen 5,25-Disketten noch ein Laufwerk? Und dazu einen passenden Computer, der das Textverarbeitungsprogramm Wordstar lesen kann? Die Daten sind ein paar Jahre alt, und schon sind sie nicht einmal mehr Hieroglyphen; denn auch die rätselhaftesten Schriftzeichen kann der Mensch irgendwann entziffern, solange er sie sehen kann. Für die Daten auf einem Magnetband aber hat der Mensch keine Augen. Da sieht nur das Laufwerk, was draufsteht. Wir sind wie ein umgekehrtes PolaroidFoto. Wir verblassen und sind am Ende gar nicht mehr da. QIC-80-Streamer? Kaum noch zu finden. Lochkarten? Gibt es nichtmal mehr auf dem Müll. Die Nasa durchforstet derzeit das Internet-Aktionshaus E-Bay nach 8086-Computerchips. Die gab es vor rund zwanzig Jahren und sind die Ur-Ur-Ur-UrUr-Ur-Enkel des aktuellen Prozessors Pentium IV Die Nasa braucht die alten Chips, weil sich manche ihrer Systeme darauf stützen und nicht auf die modernen Nachfolger. Selbst wenn man es schafft, alte Lesegeräte für alte Medien aufzutreiben: Womöglich ist es trotzdem zu spät. Der Inhalt von 1,2 Millionen Magnetbändern aus drei Jahrzehnten amerikanischer Raumfahrt ist weg. Wenn so ein Band jetzt bei der Nasa abgespielt wird, löst sich die Magnetschicht von der Trägerfolie, das Band zerschmilzt oder zersetzt sich. Der Archaeology Data Service an der britischen Universität von York kann einen Teil seiner Computerdaten über Bronzezeit-Ausgrabungen in den neunziger Jahren wegschmeißen.

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Abstract

Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am Mittwoch, den 22. Oktober, die "Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen" (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz im Berlin-Dahlemer Harnack-Haus der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.

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Date

22. 7.2009 11:23:22

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Content

"Es gibt Daten, Informationen und Fakten. Wenn man mir eine Zahlenreihe vorsetzt, dann handelt es sich um Daten: unterscheidbare Einheiten, im Fachjargon: Items. Wenn man mir sagt, dass diese Items stündliche Temperaturangaben der Aare im Berner Marzilibad bedeuten, dann verfüge ich über Information - über interpretierte Daten. Wenn man mir sagt, dies seien die gemessenen Aaretemperaturen am 22. August 2016 im Marzili, dann ist das ein Faktum: empirisch geprüfte interpretierte Daten. Dieser Dreischritt - Unterscheiden, Interpretieren, Prüfen - bildet quasi das Bindemittel des Faktischen, «the matter of fact». Wir alle führen den Dreischritt ständig aus und gelangen so zu einem relativ verlässlichen Wissen und Urteilsvermögen betreffend die Dinge des Alltags. Aber wie schon die Kurzcharakterisierung durchblicken lässt, bilden Fakten nicht den Felsengrund der Realität. Sie sind kritikanfällig, sowohl von der Interpretation wie auch von der Prüfung her gesehen. Um bei unserem Beispiel zu bleiben: Es kann durchaus sein, dass man uns zwei unterschiedliche «faktische» Temperaturverläufe der Aare am 22. August 2016 vorsetzt.

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Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.289 vom 11.12.2003, S.22