-
Calvin, W.H.: ¬Der Sprache des Gehirns : Wie in unserem Bewußtsein Gedanken entstehen (2002)
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- Date
- 11.11.2002 14:30:22
- Footnote
- Titel der Originalausgabe: The cerebral code: thinking a thought in the mosaics of the mind. Deutsche Ausgabe 2000 bei Hanser
-
Wissenschaftler fordern 'Open Access' : Berliner Erklärung (2003)
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- Abstract
- Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am 22. Oktober die folgende »Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen« (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz in Berlin. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.
- Type
- a
-
Calvin, W.H.; Ojemann, G.A.: Einsicht ins Gehirn : wie Denken und Sprache entsteht (1995)
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- Abstract
- Die Erforschung des menschlichen Gehirns, der neuronalen Grundlagen von visueller Wahrnehmung, Gedächtnis und Sprachberherrschung, zählt zu den faszinierendsten wissenschaftlichen Unternehmen der Gegenwart. William H. Calvin und George A. Ojemann nehmen die Schilderung einer Gehirnoperation zum Leitfaden, um die neuesten Forschungsergebnisse zu erläutern
- Date
- 22. 7.2000 18:41:04
-
Badia, A.: Data, information, knowledge : an information science analysis (2014)
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- Abstract
- I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.
- Date
- 16. 6.2014 19:22:57
- Type
- a
-
Crowe, M.; Beeby, R.; Gammack, J.: Constructing systems and information : a process view (1996)
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- Abstract
- Within dynamic organizations, information systems often fail to adapt to changing requirements and structures. The book presents a different view of IS provision, based on end-user information systems construction, as a means of avoiding many of the recognized problems. Adopting a philosophy of constructivism, emphasizing psychological and social factors in information construction, the authors examine different types of systems across natural and social sciences
- Content
- Enthält u.a. die Kapitel: A constructivist approach to systems, science and constructivism, organizations as systems
- Date
- 25.12.2001 13:22:30
-
Dillon, A.; Vaughan, M.: "It's the journey and the destination" : shape and the emergent property of genre in evaluating digital documents (1997)
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- Abstract
- Navigation is a limited metaphor for hypermedia and website use that potentially constraints our understanding of human-computer interaction. Traces the emergence of the navigation metaphor and the emprical analysis of navigation measures in usability evaluation before suggesting an alternative concept to consider: shape. The shape concept affords a richer analytic tool for considering humans' use of digital documents and invokes social level analysis of meaning that are shared among discourse communities who both produce and consume the information resources
- Date
- 6. 2.1999 20:10:22
- Type
- a
-
Westbrook, L.: Information myths and intimate partner violence : sources, contexts, and consequences (2009)
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- Abstract
- Survivors of intimate partner violence face more than information gaps; many face powerful barriers in the form of information myths. Triangulating data from in-depth interviews and community bulletin board postings, this study incorporates insights from survivors, police, and shelter staff to begin mapping the information landscape through which survivors move. An unanticipated feature of that landscape is a set of 28 compelling information myths that prevent some survivors from making effective use of the social, legal, economic, and support resources available to them. This analysis of the sources, contexts, and consequences of these information myths is the first step in devising strategies to counter their ill effects.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 19:16:44
- Type
- a
-
"Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen" unterzeichnet (2003)
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- Abstract
- Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am Mittwoch, den 22. Oktober, die "Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen" (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz im Berlin-Dahlemer Harnack-Haus der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.
- Type
- a
-
Roth, G.; Eurich, C.: ¬Der Begriff der Information in der Neurobiologie (2004)
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- Date
- 5. 4.2013 10:22:54
- Type
- a
-
Feustel, R: "Am Anfang war die Information" : Digitalisierung als Religion (2018)
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- Date
- 1. 1.2019 11:22:34
- Footnote
- Rez. unter: http://epaper.neues-deutschland.de/eweb/nd/2019/06/08/a/21/1430691/ [nd E-Paper - 08.06.2019]: Schmid, F.: »Information« ist Syntax, nicht Sinn: Quasisakrale Weltformel.
-
Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article is about the mental coding processes involved in the flow of 'information' when the user is interacting with an 'enabling' information retrieval system. An 'enabling' IR system is designed to stimulate the user's grasping towards a higher understanding of the information need / problem / task that brought the user to the IR system. C. Shannon's (1949/1959) model of the flow of information and K.R. Popper's (1975) 3 worlds concept are used to diagram the flow of information between the user and system when the user receives a stimulating massage, with particluar emphasis on the decoding and encoding operations involved as the user processes the message. The key difference between the model of information flow proposed here and the linear transmission, receiver-oriented model now in use is that we assume that users of a truly interactive, 'enabling' IR system are primarily message senders, not passive receivers of the message, because they must create a new message back to the system, absed on a reconceptualization of their information need, while they are 'online' interacting with the system
- Date
- 22. 5.1999 14:51:49
- Type
- a
-
Kopf-Arbeit : Gehirnfunktionen und kognitive Leistungen (1996)
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- Content
- PRINZ, W., G. ROTH u. S. MAASEN: Kognitive Leistungen und Gehirnfunktionen; FLOREY, E.: Geist - Seele - Gehirn: Eine kurze Ideengeschichte der Hirnforschung; SCHEERER, E.: Einmal Kopf, zweimal Kognition: Geschichte und Gegnwart eines Problems; ROTH, G.: Das Gehirn des Menschen; ENGEL, A.K.: Prinzipien der Wahrnehmung: Das visuelle System; WALKOWIAK, W.: Prinzipien der Wahrnehmung: Auditorische Systeme; MENZEL, R. u. G. ROTH: Verhaltensbiologische und neuronale Grundlagen des Lernens und des Gedächtnisses; EIMER, M.: Wahrnehmung und Aufmerksamkeit; MÜSSELER, J., G. ASCHERSLEBEN u. W. PRINZ: Die Steuerung von Handlungen; GOSCHKE, T.: Lernen und Gedächtnis: Mentale Prozesse und Gehirnstrukturen; BECKERMANN, A.: Können mentale Phänomene neurobiologisch erklärt werden?; EIMER, M.: Kognitive Psychologie, Neurobiologie und das 'Gehirn-Bewußtsein-Problem'; FLOHR, H.: Ignorabimus?; PRINZ, W.: Bewußtsein und Ich-Konstitution
- Date
- 22. 7.2000 18:57:22
-
Verdi, M.P.; Kulhavy, R.W.; Stock, W.A.; Rittscho, K.A.; Savenye, W.: Why maps improve memory for text : the influence of structural information on working-memory operations (1993)
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- Abstract
- In order to test how associated verbal and spatial stimuli are processed in memory, undergraduates studied a reference map as either an intact unit or as a series of individual features, and read a text containing facts related to map features. In Addition, the map was presented either before or after reading the text. Seeing the intact map prior to the text led to better recall of both map information and facts from the text. These results support a dual coding modell, where stimuli such as maps possess a retrieval advantage because they allow simultaneous representation in working memory. This advantage occurs because information from the map can be used to cue retrieval of associated verbal facts, without exceeding the processing constraints of the memorial system
- Date
- 22. 7.2000 19:18:18
- Type
- a
-
Fujiwara, Y.; Gotoda, H.: Representation model for relativity of concepts (1995)
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- Abstract
- When modelling pieces of unstructured information, such as full text forms, it is often necessary to recognize them based on a semantic principle, through which properties of information can be derived. Since there are several semantic principles that are related to each other, the resulting properties are also mutually relevant. This relevance is called 'relativity of concepts', whose modelling is indispensible to dealing exclusively with such properties of information that are invariant under the change of the underlying semantic principles. This paper uses the self-structured semantic relationship model to account for the relativity of concepts. More specifically, a set of local views rather than a single global view are introduced to the model, which greatly enhances the flexibility of the model's expressive power. Furthermore, semantic equivalence between the view-based information structures is also formalized in the proposed model. This truns out to be useful when integrating pieces of information that are structure based on different principles
- Source
- International forum on information and documentation. 20(1995) no.1, S.22-30
- Type
- a
-
Bruce, C.S.: ¬The relational approach : a new model for information literacy (1997)
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- Abstract
- The dominant approaches in information literacy scholarship and research conflict with constructivist approaches to learning preferred by educators. Proposes an alternative, 'relational', model of information literacy which reveals a picture of information literacy that is constructed in terms of varying relations between people and information. These relations are captured in 7 categories, graphially conveyed through awareness structures, which together represent information literacy as it is experienced. Information literacy education may be interpreted as helping people to experience information use differently. This model demonstrates that: the meanings associated with information literacy by information professionals may not be shared by users; the experienced meaning of information literacy is fluid and contextually bound; and, understanding of information literacy and related concepts will deepen if the experience of information users is given priority in research. Proposes an agenda for information literacy research based upon the relational approach
- Source
- New review of information and library research. 3(1997), S.1-22
- Type
- a
-
Essers, J.; Schreinemakers, J.: ¬The conceptions of knowledge and information in knowledge management (1996)
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- Abstract
- The emergence of Knowledge Management (KM) over the last decade has triggered the question how or even whether this new management discipline can be distinguished from the established field of Information Management (IM). In this paper we critically examine this demarcation issue from two angles. First we will investigate to what extent the difference between IM and KM can be anchored an a conceptual distinction between their respective objects: information and knowledge. After having shown that this widely adopted strategy promises little success, we will shift our attention to an examination of the fundamental objectives or guiding principles behind both disciplines. Seen from this angle we argue that KM in order to foster organizational learning, innovation and strategy flexibility, should adopt a postmodern epistemological perspective that is geared to the management of incommensurability and difference within and between organizations.
- Source
- Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers
- Type
- a
-
Allen, B.L.: Visualization and cognitve abilities (1998)
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- Abstract
- The idea of obtaining subject access to information by being able to visualize an information space, and to navigate through that space toward useful or interesting information, is attractive and plausible. However, this approach to subject access requires additional cognitive processing associated with the interaction of cognitive facilities that deal with concepts and those that deal with space. This additional cognitive processing may cause problems for users, particularly in dealing with the dimensions, the details, and the symbols of information space. Further, it seems likely that different cognitive abilities are associated with conceptual and spatial cognition. As a result, users who deal well with subject access using traditional conceptual approaches may experience difficulty in using visualization and navigation. An experiment designed to investigate the effects of different cognitive abilities on the use of both conceptual and spatial representations of information is outlined
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Type
- a
-
Cooke, N.A.; Kitzie, V.L.: Outsiders-within-Library and Information Science : reprioritizing the marginalized in critical sociocultural work (2021)
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- Abstract
- While there are calls for new paradigms within the profession, there are also existing subgenres that fit this bill if they would be fully acknowledged. This essay argues that underrepresented and otherwise marginalized scholars have already produced significant work within social, cultural, and community-oriented paradigms; social justice and advocacy; and, diversity, equity, and inclusion. This work has not been sufficiently valued or promoted. Furthermore, the surrounding structural conditions have resulted in the dismissal, violently reviewed and rejected, and erased work of underrepresented scholars, and the stigmatization and delegitimization of their work. These scholars are "outsiders-within-LIS." By identifying the outsiders-within-LIS through the frame of standpoint theories, the authors are suggesting that a new paradigm does not need to be created; rather, an existing paradigm needs to be recognized and reprioritized. This reprioritized paradigm of critical sociocultural work has and will continue to creatively enrich and expand the field and decolonize LIS curricula.
- Date
- 18. 9.2021 13:22:27
- Type
- a
-
Atran, S.; Medin, D.L.; Ross, N.: Evolution and devolution of knowledge : a tale of two biologies (2004)
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- Date
- 23. 1.2022 10:22:18
- Type
- a
-
Eiriksson, J.M.; Retsloff, J.M.: Librarians in the 'information age' : promoter of change or provider of stability? (2005)
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- Abstract
- When we were all facing the turn of the century and the somewhat larger turn of the millennium, we left behind epochs of colonialism, imperialism, capitalism, nazism and racialism. Not that the ideologies mentioned does no longer exist, but their impact as grand narratives has gone and they now exist as fragmented discursive parts of their former, illusive hegemony. Parts that have been thrown into the pits of post modern complexity. The 21st century holds no answers, no new meaning, at most it provides human communication a certain self reflectivity due to the increasing egocentrism and individuality of people (i.e. still mostly western people). Another symptom of the loss of grand narratives is a feeling of loss of meaning in everyday life, as well as the state of democracies around the world. Democracy shivers in its void between anarchy and repressive dictatorship. The description 'information age' provides the times we are in with a useful sticker. It tents both back in time e.g. the late 20, century digitalisation and forward in time by givingr origin to the contemporary discourse of social semantics i.e. Dream society, Knowledge society, Post modern society, Risk society, Hypercomplex society etc. The phrase 'information age' implied the introduction of a paradigm shift, and now it is still here showing that paradigms do not shift, they slide. This paper outlines a manifest for librarians and librarianship of the information age. The information age puts the spotlight on the librarian, both regarding classical tasks such as classification and cataloguing as well as new tasks such as systems analysis and design or database searching.
Complexity establishes a paradox between the tasks of preserving old knowledge (memory function) and facilitate cognitive dissonance in order to challenge established knowledge claims and create new knowledge (catalyser function). Through complexity all social systems organisations, discourse communities, ideologies) face an environment (or surrounding) that is characterised through its instability and contingency. What is real, or presumable real from one point of view can appear completely different from another point of view. Different discourses of meaning and significance float, blend and separates themselves form each other the arena of communication. The library has to both keep record of what has happened, as well as take part in the ongoing battles for new discursive hegemonies. The unity of the paradox of memory and catalysing is described as managing complexity and requires a conscious and constant oscillation between order and chaos, stability and change. The role of the librarian is defined through an analysis of contemporary social semantics as well as the technical, ethical, cultural and epistemological challenges facing us as librarians and information specialists.
- Date
- 22. 7.2009 11:23:22
- Type
- a
