Search (223 results, page 1 of 12)

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Abstract

A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory

Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Date

7. 3.1997 9:13:36
22. 7.2000 19:05:18

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Abstract

Fundamental forms of information, as well as the term information itself, are defined and developed for the purposes of information science/studies. Concepts of natural and represented information (taking an unconventional sense of representation), encoded and embodied information, as well as experienced, enacted, expressed, embedded, recorded, and trace information are elaborated. The utility of these terms for the discipline is illustrated with examples from the study of information-seeking behavior and of information genres. Distinctions between the information and curatorial sciences with respect to their social (and informational) objects of study are briefly outlined.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:15:22

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Classification

CM 2200 Psychologie / Allgemeines. Geschichte und Methodik / Methodik und Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie

RVK

CM 2200 Psychologie / Allgemeines. Geschichte und Methodik / Methodik und Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Abstract

The emergence of Knowledge Management (KM) over the last decade has triggered the question how or even whether this new management discipline can be distinguished from the established field of Information Management (IM). In this paper we critically examine this demarcation issue from two angles. First we will investigate to what extent the difference between IM and KM can be anchored an a conceptual distinction between their respective objects: information and knowledge. After having shown that this widely adopted strategy promises little success, we will shift our attention to an examination of the fundamental objectives or guiding principles behind both disciplines. Seen from this angle we argue that KM in order to foster organizational learning, innovation and strategy flexibility, should adopt a postmodern epistemological perspective that is geared to the management of incommensurability and difference within and between organizations.

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

In the Web, making judgments of information quality and authority is a difficult task for most users because overall, there is no quality control mechanism. This study examines the problem of the judgment of information quality and cognitive authority by observing people's searching behavior in the Web. Its purpose is to understand the various factors that influence people's judgment of quality and authority in the Web, and the effects of those judgments on selection behaviors. Fifteen scholars from diverse disciplines participated, and data were collected combining verbal protocols during the searches, search logs, and postsearch interviews. It was found that the subjects made two distinct kinds of judgment: predictive judgment, and evaluative judgment. The factors influencing each judgment of quality and authority were identified in terms of characteristics of information objects, characteristics of sources, knowledge, situation, ranking in search output, and general assumption. Implications for Web design that will effectively support people's judgments of quality and authority are also discussed

Date

7. 2.2002 20:11:59

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Classification

CM 2200 Psychologie / Allgemeines. Geschichte und Methodik / Methodik und Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie

RVK

CM 2200 Psychologie / Allgemeines. Geschichte und Methodik / Methodik und Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie

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Classification

MR 2200

RVK

MR 2200

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Date

7. 1.1996 22:47:52

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Date

24. 6.1996 9:22:34

Series

Edition Passagen; 7

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Abstract

Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am 22. Oktober die folgende »Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen« (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz in Berlin. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.

Date

7. 6.2004 14:59:36

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Source

Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]

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Abstract

Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am Mittwoch, den 22. Oktober, die "Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen" (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz im Berlin-Dahlemer Harnack-Haus der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.

Date

7. 6.2004 14:58:58

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Abstract

Colours, icons, graphics, hypertext links and other multimedia elements are variables that affect information search strategies and information seeking behaviour. These variables are culturally constructed and represented and are subject to individual and community interpretation. Hypothesizes that users in different communities (in intercultural or multicultural context) will interpret differently the meanings of the multimedia objects on the Internet. Users' interpretations of multimedia objects may differ from the intentions of the designers. A study in this area is being undertaken

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Abstract

Claims that 'informatics' is a scientific discipline devoted to all information processes taking place in nature, technical systems, living organisms and society. Argues that information as a 'description of objects or phenomena'. Interactions of objects or phenomena, followed by changes in knowledge, are called 'information interactions'. Explains the principles of information interactions and the laws governing this discipline

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Abstract

The dominant approaches in information literacy scholarship and research conflict with constructivist approaches to learning preferred by educators. Proposes an alternative, 'relational', model of information literacy which reveals a picture of information literacy that is constructed in terms of varying relations between people and information. These relations are captured in 7 categories, graphially conveyed through awareness structures, which together represent information literacy as it is experienced. Information literacy education may be interpreted as helping people to experience information use differently. This model demonstrates that: the meanings associated with information literacy by information professionals may not be shared by users; the experienced meaning of information literacy is fluid and contextually bound; and, understanding of information literacy and related concepts will deepen if the experience of information users is given priority in research. Proposes an agenda for information literacy research based upon the relational approach

Source

New review of information and library research. 3(1997), S.1-22

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:01:22

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Abstract

Management information systems (MIS) is a young and dynamic technological discipline that is greatly in need of a theoretical foundation in order to be recognized as an academic field. A key to this search is the construction of a paradigm which engulfs a set of objects that is genuinely indigenous to MIS. This study is a modest attempt to identify this set of objects and to construct a simple model based on them. A basic entity model is constructed to provide a better understanding for the fundamental theory of information. The model identifies the four basic entities which define the scope of information theory and establishes the 4 fundamental postulates which can serve as its foundation. The 4 basic entities are data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The order of the entity as specified is important. Each entity is transformed to the next higher one during entity processing reduces the entropy of the entity so that further analysis can be executed more systematically. This concept enforces the fact that all computerized information systems also have a similar basic role

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Abstract

In information science, writing, printing, telecommunication, and digital computing have been central concerns because of their ability to distribute information. Overlooked is the obvious fact that these technologies fashion copies, and the theorizing of copies has been neglected. We may think a copy is the same as what it copies, but no two objects can really be the same. "The same" means similar enough as an acceptable substitute for some purpose. The differences between usefully similar things are also often important, in forensic analysis, for example, or inferential processes. Status as a copy is only one form of relationship between objects, but copies are so integral to information science that they demand a theory. Indeed, theorizing copies provides a basis for a more complete and unified view of information science.