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  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  1. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.26 
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    Abstract
    A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
    Date
    29.12.2020 13:02:21
    Source
    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
  2. Essers, J.; Schreinemakers, J.: ¬The conceptions of knowledge and information in knowledge management (1996) 0.14 
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    Abstract
    The emergence of Knowledge Management (KM) over the last decade has triggered the question how or even whether this new management discipline can be distinguished from the established field of Information Management (IM). In this paper we critically examine this demarcation issue from two angles. First we will investigate to what extent the difference between IM and KM can be anchored an a conceptual distinction between their respective objects: information and knowledge. After having shown that this widely adopted strategy promises little success, we will shift our attention to an examination of the fundamental objectives or guiding principles behind both disciplines. Seen from this angle we argue that KM in order to foster organizational learning, innovation and strategy flexibility, should adopt a postmodern epistemological perspective that is geared to the management of incommensurability and difference within and between organizations.
    Source
    Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers
  3. Bates, M.J.: Fundamental forms of information (2006) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Fundamental forms of information, as well as the term information itself, are defined and developed for the purposes of information science/studies. Concepts of natural and represented information (taking an unconventional sense of representation), encoded and embodied information, as well as experienced, enacted, expressed, embedded, recorded, and trace information are elaborated. The utility of these terms for the discipline is illustrated with examples from the study of information-seeking behavior and of information genres. Distinctions between the information and curatorial sciences with respect to their social (and informational) objects of study are briefly outlined.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:15:22
  4. Nerlich, H.: Schlußveranstaltung des Kongresses 'Information und Öffentlichkeit' am 23. März 2000 in Leipzig : "Zukunft der Fachinformation" (2000) 0.08 
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    Date
    21. 2.1997 19:37:24
    22. 6.2000 13:33:40
  5. Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019) 0.08 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
  6. Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002) 0.08 
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    Date
    22. 2.2007 18:56:23
    22. 2.2007 19:22:13
    Source
    Emerging frameworks and methods: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4), Seattle, WA, July 21 - 25, 2002. Eds.: Fidel, R., H. Bruce, P. Ingwersen u. P. Vakkari
  7. Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001) 0.06 
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    Source
    Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
  8. Radermacher, F.: Nachhaltigkeit konkret: Wissen: Information und Kommunikation : Chancen der digitalen Revolution (1999) 0.05 
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    Date
    2. 4.2000 14:38:22
    Source
    Agenda 21. Vision: Nachhaltige Entwicklung. Hrsg.: B. Breuel
  9. Ma, Y.: Internet: the global flow of information (1995) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Colours, icons, graphics, hypertext links and other multimedia elements are variables that affect information search strategies and information seeking behaviour. These variables are culturally constructed and represented and are subject to individual and community interpretation. Hypothesizes that users in different communities (in intercultural or multicultural context) will interpret differently the meanings of the multimedia objects on the Internet. Users' interpretations of multimedia objects may differ from the intentions of the designers. A study in this area is being undertaken
  10. Kuznetsov, N.A.: O razvitii fundamentalnykh issledovanii po informatsionnomu vzaimodeistviyu v prirode i obshchestve (1998) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Claims that 'informatics' is a scientific discipline devoted to all information processes taking place in nature, technical systems, living organisms and society. Argues that information as a 'description of objects or phenomena'. Interactions of objects or phenomena, followed by changes in knowledge, are called 'information interactions'. Explains the principles of information interactions and the laws governing this discipline
  11. Feustel, R: "Am Anfang war die Information" : Digitalisierung als Religion (2018) 0.05 
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    Date
    1. 1.2019 11:22:34
    Footnote
    Rez. unter: http://epaper.neues-deutschland.de/eweb/nd/2019/06/08/a/21/1430691/ [nd E-Paper - 08.06.2019]: Schmid, F.: »Information« ist Syntax, nicht Sinn: Quasisakrale Weltformel.
  12. fwt: Wie das Gehirn Bilder 'liest' (1999) 0.04 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:01:22
  13. Bates, M.J.: Information and knowledge : an evolutionary framework for information science (2005) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Many definitions of information have been suggested throughout the history of information science. In this essay, the objective has been to provide a definition that is usable for the physical, biological and social meanings of the term, covering the various senses important to our field. Information has been defined as the pattern of organization of matter and energy. Information is everywhere except where there is total entropy. Living beings process, organize and ascribe meaning to information. Some pattern of organization that has been given meaning by a living being has been defined as information 2, while the above definition is information 1, when it is desirable to make the distinction. Knowledge has been defined as information given meaning and integrated with other contents of understanding. Meaning itself is rooted ultimately in biological survival. In the human being, extensive processing space in the brain has made possible the generation of extremely rich cultural and interpersonal meaning, which imbues human interactions. (In the short term, not all meaning that humans ascribe to information is the result of evolutionary processes. Our extensive brain processing space also enables us to hold beliefs for the short term that, over the long term, may actually be harmful to survival.) Data 1 has been defined as that portion of the entire information environment (including internal inputs) that is taken in, or processed, by an organism. Data 2 is that information that is selected or generated and used by human beings for research or other social purposes. This definition of information is not reductive--that is, it does not imply that information is all and only the most microscopic physical manifestation of matter and energy. Information principally exists for organisms at many emergent levels. A human being, for example, can see this account as tiny marks on a piece of paper, as letters of the alphabet, as words of the English language, as a sequence of ideas, as a genre of publication, as a philosophical position and so on. Thus, patterns of organization are not all equal in the life experience of animals. Some types of patterns are more important, some less so. Some parts of patterns are repetitive and can be compressed in mental storage. As mental storage space is generally limited and its maintenance costly to an animal, adaptive advantage accrues to the species that develops efficient storage. As a result, many species process elements of their environment in ways efficient and effective for their particular purposes; that is, as patterns of organization that are experienced as emergent wholes. We see a chair as a chair, not only as a pattern of light and dark. We see a string of actions by a salesperson as bait and switch, not just as a sequence of actions. We understand a series of statements as parts of a whole philosophical argument, not just as a series of sentences. The understanding of information embraced here recognizes and builds on the idea that these emergent wholes are efficient for storage and effective for the life purposes of human beings as successful animals (to date) on our planet. Thus, people experience their lives in terms of these emergent objects and relations, for the most part. Likewise, information is stored in retrieval systems in such a way that it can be represented to human beings in their preferred emergent forms, rather than in the pixels or bits in which the information is actually encoded within the information system.
    Date
    13. 6.2006 21:10:32
  14. Bruce, C.S.: ¬The relational approach : a new model for information literacy (1997) 0.04 
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    Date
    21. 2.1999 17:07:57
    Source
    New review of information and library research. 3(1997), S.1-22
  15. Liang, T.-Y.: ¬The basic entity model : a fundamental theoretical model of information and information processing (1994) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Management information systems (MIS) is a young and dynamic technological discipline that is greatly in need of a theoretical foundation in order to be recognized as an academic field. A key to this search is the construction of a paradigm which engulfs a set of objects that is genuinely indigenous to MIS. This study is a modest attempt to identify this set of objects and to construct a simple model based on them. A basic entity model is constructed to provide a better understanding for the fundamental theory of information. The model identifies the four basic entities which define the scope of information theory and establishes the 4 fundamental postulates which can serve as its foundation. The 4 basic entities are data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The order of the entity as specified is important. Each entity is transformed to the next higher one during entity processing reduces the entropy of the entity so that further analysis can be executed more systematically. This concept enforces the fact that all computerized information systems also have a similar basic role
  16. Fremery, W. de; Buckland, M.K.: Copy theory (2022) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    In information science, writing, printing, telecommunication, and digital computing have been central concerns because of their ability to distribute information. Overlooked is the obvious fact that these technologies fashion copies, and the theorizing of copies has been neglected. We may think a copy is the same as what it copies, but no two objects can really be the same. "The same" means similar enough as an acceptable substitute for some purpose. The differences between usefully similar things are also often important, in forensic analysis, for example, or inferential processes. Status as a copy is only one form of relationship between objects, but copies are so integral to information science that they demand a theory. Indeed, theorizing copies provides a basis for a more complete and unified view of information science.
  17. Buckland, M.K.: Information as thing (1991) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Three meanings of "information" are distinguished: "information-as-process"; "information-as-knowledge"; and "information-as-thing", the attributive use of "information" to denote things regarded as informative. The nature and characteristics of "information-as-thing" are discussed, using an indirect approach ("What things are informative?"). Varieties of "information-as-thing"include data, text, documents, objects, and events. On this view "information" includes but extends beyond communication. Whatever information storage and retrieval systems store and retrieve is necessarily "information-as-thing"
  18. Talja, S.: Constituting 'information' and 'user' as research objects : a theory of knowledge formations as an alternative to the information man theory (1997) 0.04 
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  19. Wozniak, J.: Kognitywizm w informacji (1997) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Cognitive research into information science started at the International Workshop on the Cognitive viewpoint, Ghent, Belgium, 1977, where it was made clear that the task of research is to improve information flow, specifically through creating models of users' knowledge compatible with the conceptual frameworks used by information retrieval systems. Divides users' knowledge into knowledge of the world, of the information retrieval system, of the task and of the domain. Cognitivism as a research direction in information science explains how the cognitive processes and objects might influence information retrieval and representation
  20. Franken, G.: Weglassen öffnet den Weg zur Welt : BuchMalerei und Wortarchitektur von Elisabeth Jansen in Küchenhof-Remise (2004) 0.03 
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    Date
    3. 5.1997 8:44:22
    21. 5.2004 10:05:08

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