-
Balas, J.: ¬The importance of mastering search engines (1998)
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- Abstract
- To use the electronic resources of the Internet effectively, reference librarians must learn to use the various search engines to their best advantage. Describes the following Web sites which provide help for librarians in improving their Internet searching skills: the Bergen County Cooperative Library System which has links to some well-known directories and search engines; the Spider's Apprentice, which provides ratings and in-depth analysis of search engines, a FAQ document useful to the beginning searcher, and an online discussion forum; ZDNet's WebSearchUser which has feature articles, reviews and tutorials; and Search Engine Watch which reports new developments in search engines. URLs for these and other resources are given
-
Pasicznyuk, R.W.: Searching for the information on the Net : new wine into new wine skins (1995)
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- Abstract
- Provides a glossary of Internet search terms. Outlines a number of network retrieval tools and directories: Netscape's Internet search page, W3 search engines, Lycos, WebCrawler, InfoSeek, Yahoo, and CERN's Net Directory. Gices an example of how the Internet can be used to answer a reference query and the types of materials that can be retrieved
-
Morgan, E.L.: Creating user-friendly electronic information systems (1997)
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- Abstract
- The effectiveness of an information system is related to its readability, browsability, searchability and interactive assistance. Interactive assistance provides customized help for particular users in particular situations. It can be proactive or restrictive. Systems have been developed for reference work and CD-ROM based bibliographic indexes. Prototype systems for the Internet include: Ask Alcuin, meta-search engines, and WebArcher
-
Wildemuth, B.M.; Cogdill, K.; Friedman, C.P.: ¬The transition from formalized need to compromised need in the context of clinical problem solving : opportunities and possible problems for information use studies of health professionals (1999)
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- Abstract
- Almost 30 years ago, Taylor (1968) postulated that each information need moves along a continuum from the visceral need through the compromised need. The current study examines the final transition in this continuum: from formalized need (expressed in an explicit verbal statement) to compromised need (represented in the language of the retrieval system). This transition is primarily concerned with vocabulary: the searcher attempts to translate an explicit statement of need into a search term (or terms) that can be interpreted by the retrieval system. A few studies have empirically examined the match between the end-user searcher's formalized need and the compromised need (i.e., search terms). Markey (1984) compared the searcher's expressed topic (the formalized need, expressed in just a few words) and the search terms (the compromised need), and then went on to compare the search terms with the library catalog terms available for subject searching. She found that the search term matched or was a partial form of the expressed topic in 71% of the searches, and that over 75% of these searches matched a catalog term. Allen (1991) examined the relationship between logical reasoning ability and selection of search terms. He asked college students to read a magazine article (which could be seen as a very rich statement of the formalized need) and then to perform a search for articles on the same topic (expressing the compromised need).
- Date
- 22. 3.2002 8:54:11
-
Tenopir, C.: Reference services from RLG (1995)
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- Abstract
- Describes the variety of search services supporting library reference functions offered by the RLG in the USA. The best known of these is RLIN, the massive bibliographic database and related services originally developed for shared cataloguing. In the last few years RLG has added CitaDel, an online search system that provides access to indexing/abstracting databases; and Zephyr, a Z39.50 server that amkes the RLIN and CitaDel databases searchable through a library's online catalogue. RLG also offers document delivery connections, including Ariel and Internet based document delivery software, for a full complement of online reference support for academic and public libraries
- Date
- 25.11.1995 19:22:01
-
Weiss, S.C.: ¬The seamless, Web-based library : a meta site for the 21st century (1999)
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- Abstract
- Taking a step beyond Meta search engines which require Web site evaluation skills and a knowledge of how to construct effective search statements, we encounter the concept of a seamless, Web-based library. These are electronic libraries created by information professionals, Meta sites for the 21st Century. Here is a place where average people with average Internet skills can find significant Web sites arranged under a hierarchy of subject categories. Having observed client behavior in a university library setting for a quarter of a century, it is apparent that the extent to which information is used has always been determined by content applicable to user needs, an easy-to-understand design, and high visibility. These same elements have determined the extent to which Internet Quick Reference (IQR), a seamless, Web-based library at cc.usu.edu/-stewei/hot.htm. has been used
-
Aghemo, A.: ¬Il reference librarian nel contesto multimediale (1998)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the specialised knowledge and training which the multimedia reference librarian needs in order to provide a satisfactory oersonalised assistance service to online and CD-ROM users. Multimedia products combine electronic text, graphic art, animation and video for user interaction from a workstation. Thus the librarian should not only by familiar with search engines and websites, but also understand computer start-up procedures, passwords, keyboards, software and basic maintenance, data security matters and copyright. Explains the 4 distinct levels of librarian help in query-solving
-
Talja, S.: Discourse analysis in the development of a regional information service (1997)
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- Abstract
- Information provided through information networks can be retrieved through the network search engines by using words appearing in documents. However, these documents are written in the document producers' language and the users' perspective is often overlooked. Describes the Digital Information Service of Tampere Region (DISTR) project which aims to build a novel kind of WWW based local, information service. The DISTR service organizes local information services and public administration and commercial services (or resources) under a single interface which supports their identifiction and access by describing the resources according to dimensions and vocabulary identified in the discourse of service clients. Introduces the architecture of the DISTR service, the discourse analytic approach and preliminary results
-
Budzik, J.; Hammond, K.: Watson : anticipating and contextualizing information needs (1999)
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- Abstract
- In this paper, we introduce a class of systems called Information Management Assistants (IMAs). IMAs automatically discover related material on behalf of the user by serving as an intermediary between the user and information retrieval systems. IMAs observe users interact with everyday applications and then anticipate their information needs using a model of the task at hand. IMAs then automatically fulfill these needs using the text of the document the user is manipulating and a knowledge of how to form queries to traditional information retrieval systems (e.g., Internet search engines, abstract databases, etc.). IMAs automatically query information systems on behalf of users as well as provide an interface by which the user can pose queries explicitly. Because IMAs are aware of the user's task, they can augment their explicit query with terms representative of the context of this task. In this way, IMAs provide a framework for bringing implicit task context to bear on servicing explicit information requests, significantly reducing ambiguity. IMAs embody a just-in-time information infrastructure in which information is brought to users as they need it, without requiring explicit requests. In this paper, we present our work on an architecture for this class of system, and our progress implementing Watson, a prototype of such a system. Watson observes users in word processing and Web browsing applications and uses a simple model of the user's tasks, knowledge of term importance, and an understanding of query generation to find relevant documents and service explicit queries. We close by discussing our experimental evaluations of the system
-
McNally, M.J.; Kuhlthau, C.C.: Information search process as science education (1994)
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- Abstract
- Discusses information skills models and the search process of scientists
-
Hewett, S.: ¬The future for mediated online search services in an academic institution : a case study (1997)
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- Abstract
- Points to the trends in libraries and information services to shift away from the use of long established online hosts (such as DIALOG and STN) towards the use of CD-ROMs and direct access services, such as BIDS, Janet and CHEST, Illustrates the trend with statistics of host based MEDLINE searches conducted at the Barnes Library, Birmingham University; which show a decline from 526 searches in 1991/92 to 22 searches in 1995/96. Describes the process undertaken within the Information Services, Birminghampton University, to define a policy for the possible continuation of their mediated online searching service. Reports results of a questionnaire survey of other UK higher education institutions which confirmed their own feelings that the provision of such services was in decline, due largely to the shift towards end user access. With the increasing availability of nationally site licensed databases and locally available CD-ROMs, it is likely the researchers will ignore other commercial information services
-
White, M.D.: Questions in reference interviews (1998)
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- Abstract
- This article characterises the questioning behaviour in reference interviews preceding delegated online searches of bibliographic databases and relates it to questioning behaviour in other types of interviews/settings. With one exception, the unit of analysis is the question (N=610), not the interview. The author uses A.C. Graesser's typology of questions to analyse type of question and M.D. White's typology of information categories to determine the question's content objective; this is the first application of Graesser's typology to interview questions in any setting. Graesser's categories allow for a more subtle understanding of the kind of information need underlying a question. Comparisons are made between questions asked by the information specialist and those asked by the client. Findings show that the information specialist dominates the interview, about half the questions were verification questions and about 22% were judgemental questions or requests; all but four types of questions from Graesser's categories appeared in the interviews, but no new question types were discovered. Clients often phrase questions as requests. In content, both clients and information specialists focus on the subject and service requested, but the clients ask also about search strategy and output features. Both parties ask predominantly short-answer questions. Results are related to interface design for retrieval systems.
- Date
- 2.12.2005 14:48:22
-
Iivonen, M.: Challenges and opportunities of libraries as online search environments (1994)
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- Abstract
- The purpose of this article is to look at the public libraries, university libraries and special libraries and information bureaus as online search environments in Finland at the beginning of the 1990s. Their challenges and opportunities are looked at by paying attention to their general and specific environments. The changes in the general environment of libraries are described briefly. The differences of specific online search environements are analyzed by paying attention to (i) the age of organisations and the establishment of onlines searches, (ii) the size of organisations and the division of labour in online searching, (iii) the available online information retrieval resources, (iv) the number of online searches, (v) the online searching policies, i.e. the participation of the clients in the search process and the adopted fee policy, and (vi) the clients of online searches. Public libraries, university libraries and special libraries and information bureaus clearly differ from each other as online search environments. So also do their challenges and opportunities differ. A common challenge for all search environments is, however, an ever clearer way to relate the costs of onlines earches to the profits received from them
-
Atkinson, R.D.; Curtiss, D.C.: ¬The Infonet : integrating networked CD-ROM databases and Internet search tools (1993)
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-
Dickstein, R.; Greenfield, L.; Rosen, J.: Using the World Wide Web at the reference desk (1997)
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- Abstract
- Explores techniques for integrating the WWW into day-today reference services. Identifies categories of queries that are likely to be answered more easily using the WWW. Explains how and when to use search tools. Stresses the importance of search statement format or syntax when using search tools. Traditional reference evaluation criteria should be used when deciding between print and online versions or ready reference materials. Bookmarking should be used to develop reference and subject specialist pages. Electronic collection development strategies should be developed
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Nardi, B.A.; O'Day, V.: Intelligent agents : what we learned at the library (1996)
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- Abstract
- Describes how the results of 2 studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software that function as intelligent agents and expert systems for computerized reference work. Discusses the functioning of intelligent software agents in terms of: communication with users; technical competence in searching (designing and performing searches); personalization in terms of formulating the search interview, refining the results of searches, and tailoring the search interview, refining the results of searches, and tailoring the search to the particular user's needs. Sets out 9 design principles for intelligent agents and practical technical implications of the studies
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Bucknall, T.; Mangrum, R.: U-search : a user study of the CD-ROM service at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1992)
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- Abstract
- Members of the reference staff of the North Carolina University at Chapel Hill, Davis Library, conducted a month-long electronic survey of users of the U-search CD-ROM service in spring 91. Evaluates the 1.135 responses to a variety of questions pertaining to public service issues, user attitudes towards CD-ROM searching, and the place of CD-ROM within the overall research strategy
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Jordan, R.P.: Searching for information on tests : reference sources and a search strategy (1995)
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- Abstract
- Research methodologies in several of the social sciences require the use of tests. When assisting social science researchers who seek information on tests, reference librarians do not, themselves, always have direct access to the instruments. Librarians should not only have the knowledge that various print and electronic database resources are available to gain needed information, but they should also have a strategy by which these sources can be searched in an expedient and thorough manner. This paper offers such a search strategy which can be used with the materials commonly found in a large research or specialized test library
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Makulowich, J.S.: 10 tips on managing your Internet searching (1995)
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- Abstract
- Offers 10 tips for finding information on the Internet. Define the area and level of expertise. Require end users to complete a request form defining the query. Categorize the Internat in lay terms for casual users. Establich a realistic time for retrieving results. Adopt a disciplined, systematic approach to the search. Understand the operating platform and the major tools available. Maintain a file of important services and addresses and users. Develop bookmarks and home pages. Learn shortcuts. Participate in the Internet Hunt (a monthly series of questions that allows searchers to practice and perfect search skills)
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Ghilardi, F.J.M.: Help wanted : certified information advisor! (1996)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Even sophisticated end users of online information need the assistance of an information professional to plan and structure their search, or to provide further search assistance. Discusses end user needs and how they are using online services. Information professionals should not see the increase in end user searches as a threat, but a new opportunity. There will be a growing market for information advice and information software which they can exploit
