-
bay: Google übernimmt Deja-Archiv (2001)
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- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.43 vom 20.2.2001, S.27
- Type
- a
-
Butler, R.P.: Copyright law and organizing the Internet (2004)
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- Source
- Library trends. 52(2004) no.2, S.307-317
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- a
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Jepsen, E.T.; Seiden, P.; Ingwersen, P.; Björneborn, L.; Borlund, P.: Characteristics of scientific Web publications : preliminary data gathering and analysis (2004)
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- Abstract
- Because of the increasing presence of scientific publications an the Web, combined with the existing difficulties in easily verifying and retrieving these publications, research an techniques and methods for retrieval of scientific Web publications is called for. In this article, we report an the initial steps taken toward the construction of a test collection of scientific Web publications within the subject domain of plant biology. The steps reported are those of data gathering and data analysis aiming at identifying characteristics of scientific Web publications. The data used in this article were generated based an specifically selected domain topics that are searched for in three publicly accessible search engines (Google, AlITheWeb, and AItaVista). A sample of the retrieved hits was analyzed with regard to how various publication attributes correlated with the scientific quality of the content and whether this information could be employed to harvest, filter, and rank Web publications. The attributes analyzed were inlinks, outlinks, bibliographic references, file format, language, search engine overlap, structural position (according to site structure), and the occurrence of various types of metadata. As could be expected, the ranked output differs between the three search engines. Apparently, this is caused by differences in ranking algorithms rather than the databases themselves. In fact, because scientific Web content in this subject domain receives few inlinks, both AItaVista and AlITheWeb retrieved a higher degree of accessible scientific content than Google. Because of the search engine cutoffs of accessible URLs, the feasibility of using search engine output for Web content analysis is also discussed.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.14, S.1239-1249
- Type
- a
-
Hupfer, M.E.; Detlor, B.: Gender and Web information seeking : a self-concept orientation model (2006)
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- Abstract
- Adapting the consumer behavior selectivity model to the Web environment, this paper's key contribution is the introduction of a self-concept orientation model of Web information seeking. This model, which addresses gender, effort, and information content factors, questions the commonly assumed equivalence of sex and gender by specifying the measurement of gender-related selfconcept traits known as self- and other-orientation. Regression analyses identified associations between self-orientation, other-orientation, and self-reported search frequencies for content with identical subject domain (e.g., medical information, government information) and differing relevance (i.e., important to the individual personally versus important to someone close to him or her). Self- and other-orientation interacted such that when individuals were highly self-oriented, their frequency of search for both self- and other-relevant information depended on their level of other-orientation. Specifically, high-self/high-other individuals, with a comprehensive processing strategy, searched most often, whereas high-self/low-other respondents, with an effort minimization strategy, reported the lowest search frequencies. This interaction pattern was even more pronounced for other-relevant information seeking. We found no sex differences in search frequency for either self-relevant or other-relevant information.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.8, S.1105-1115
- Type
- a
-
McMurdo, G.: How the Internet was indexed (1995)
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- Abstract
- The scope and characteristics of what may be considered the first three generations of automated Internet indexing systems are identified and described as to their methods of compiling their datasets, their search interfaces and the associated etymological metaphors and mythologies. These three are suggested to be: firstly, the Archie system for single keyword and regular expression searches of the file lists of anonymous ftp sites: secondly, the Veronica system for Boolean keyword in title searches of the world's gopher servers; thirdly, a range of software techniques jnown as robots and search engines, which compile searchable databases of information accessible via the WWW, such as the currently popular Lycos project at Carnegie Mellon University. The present dominance of WWW client software as the preferred interface to Internet information has led to provision of methods of also using the first two systems by this single interface, and these are also noted
- Source
- Journal of information science. 21(1995) no.6, S.479-489
- Type
- a
-
Garnsey, M.R.: What distance learners should know about information retrieval on the World Wide Web (2002)
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- Abstract
- The Internet can be a valuable tool allowing distance learners to access information not available locally. Search engines are the most common means of locating relevant information an the Internet, but to use them efficiently students should be taught the basics of searching and how to evaluate the results. This article briefly reviews how Search engines work, studies comparing Search engines, and criteria useful in evaluating the quality of returned Web pages. Research indicates there are statistical differences in the precision of Search engines, with AltaVista ranking high in several studies. When evaluating the quality of Web pages, standard criteria used in evaluating print resources is appropriate, as well as additional criteria which relate to the Web site itself. Giving distance learners training in how to use Search engines and how to evaluate the results will allow them to access relevant information efficiently while ensuring that it is of adequate quality.
- Source
- Reference librarian. 2002, no.77, S.19-30
- Type
- a
-
Slone, D.J.: ¬The impact of time constraints on Internet and Web use (2007)
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- Abstract
- This study examines the influence of time constraints on Internet and Web search goals and search behavior. Specifically, it looks at the searching behavior of public library Internet users who, previously limited to 30 minutes per Internet session, are given an unlimited amount of time for use. Interviews and observations were conducted with 34 participants searching on their own queries. Despite an increase in the time allowed for searching, most people spent less than 30 minutes on the Internet, carrying out tasks like paying bills, shopping, browsing, and making reservations. Those who took more than 30 minutes were looking for jobs or browsing. E-mail use was universal. In this context, influences like time-dependent and time-independent tasks, use of search hubs to perform more efficient searches, and search diversity were recorded. Though there are a number of large and small studies of Internet and Web use, few of them focus on temporal influences. This study extends knowledge in this area of inquiry.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.4, S.508-517
- Type
- a
-
Spink, A.; Wolfram, D.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Searching the Web : the public and their queries (2001)
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- Abstract
- In previous articles, we reported the state of Web searching in 1997 (Jansen, Spink, & Saracevic, 2000) and in 1999 (Spink, Wolfram, Jansen, & Saracevic, 2001). Such snapshot studies and statistics on Web use appear regularly (OCLC, 1999), but provide little information about Web searching trends. In this article, we compare and contrast results from our two previous studies of Excite queries' data sets, each containing over 1 million queries submitted by over 200,000 Excite users collected on 16 September 1997 and 20 December 1999. We examine how public Web searching changing during that 2-year time period. As Table 1 shows, the overall structure of Web queries in some areas did not change, while in others we see change from 1997 to 1999. Our comparison shows how Web searching changed incrementally and also dramatically. We see some moves toward greater simplicity, including shorter queries (i.e., fewer terms) and shorter sessions (i.e., fewer queries per user), with little modification (addition or deletion) of terms in subsequent queries. The trend toward shorter queries suggests that Web information content should target specific terms in order to reach Web users. Another trend was to view fewer pages of results per query. Most Excite users examined only one page of results per query, since an Excite results page contains ten ranked Web sites. Were users satisfied with the results and did not need to view more pages? It appears that the public continues to have a low tolerance of wading through retrieved sites. This decline in interactivity levels is a disturbing finding for the future of Web searching. Queries that included Boolean operators were in the minority, but the percentage increased between the two time periods. Most Boolean use involved the AND operator with many mistakes. The use of relevance feedback almost doubled from 1997 to 1999, but overall use was still small. An unusually large number of terms were used with low frequency, such as personal names, spelling errors, non-English words, and Web-specific terms, such as URLs. Web query vocabulary contains more words than found in large English texts in general. The public language of Web queries has its own and unique characteristics. How did Web searching topics change from 1997 to 1999? We classified a random sample of 2,414 queries from 1997 and 2,539 queries from 1999 into 11 categories (Table 2). From 1997 to 1999, Web searching shifted from entertainment, recreation and sex, and pornography, preferences to e-commerce-related topics under commerce, travel, employment, and economy. This shift coincided with changes in information distribution on the publicly indexed Web.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.3, S.226-234
- Type
- a
-
Stacey, Alison; Stacey, Adrian: Effective information retrieval from the Internet : an advanced user's guide (2004)
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- Abstract
- This book provides practical strategies which enable the advanced web user to locate information effectively and to form a precise evaluation of the accuracy of that information. Although the book provides a brief but thorough review of the technologies which are currently available for these purposes, most of the book concerns practical `future-proof' techniques which are independent of changes in the tools available. For example, the book covers: how to retrieve salient information quickly; how to remove or compensate for bias; and tuition of novice Internet users.
- Content
- Key Features - Importantly, the book enables readers to develop strategies which will continue to be useful despite the rapidly-evolving state of the Internet and Internet technologies - it is not about technological `tricks'. - Enables readers to be aware of and compensate for bias and errors which are ubiquitous an the Internet. - Provides contemporary information an the deficiencies in web skills of novice users as well as practical techniques for teaching such users. The Authors Dr Alison Stacey works at the Learning Resource Centre, Cambridge Regional College. Dr Adrian Stacey, formerly based at Cambridge University, is a software programmer. Readership The book is aimed at a wide range of librarians and other information professionals who need to retrieve information from the Internet efficiently, to evaluate their confidence in the information they retrieve and/or to train others to use the Internet. It is primarily aimed at intermediate to advanced users of the Internet. Contents Fundamentals of information retrieval from the Internet - why learn web searching technique; types of information requests; patterns for information retrieval; leveraging the technology: Search term choice: pinpointing information an the web - why choose queries carefully; making search terms work together; how to pick search terms; finding the 'unfindable': Blas an the Internet - importance of bias; sources of bias; usergenerated bias: selecting information with which you already agree; assessing and compensating for bias; case studies: Query reformulation and longer term strategies - how to interact with your search engine; foraging for information; long term information retrieval: using the Internet to find trends; automating searches: how to make your machine do your work: Assessing the quality of results- how to assess and ensure quality: The novice user and teaching internet skills - novice users and their problems with the web; case study: research in a college library; interpreting 'second hand' web information.
- Pages
- 325 S
-
Hölscher, C.: ¬Die Rolle des Wissens im Internet : Gezielt suchen und kompetent auswählen (2002)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in BuB 56(2004) H.4, S.84-86 (D. Lewandowski): "Eines vorab: Sowohl der Titel als auch der Klappentext dieses Bandes sind irreführend. Man würde annehmen, dass es sich um einen weiteren Ratgeber zur Internetre-cherche handelt; dies ist jedoch nicht der Fall. Vielmehr untersucht der Autor das Rechercheverhalten so genannter Internetexperten, wobei ein »Experte« hier durch seine (mehrjährige) Erfahrung mit dem Internet definiert wird. Eine formale Ausbildung spielt keine Rolle: »Bezüglich ihrer Web-Kenntnisse sind die Teilnehmer [der Untersuchungen] als Autodidakten zu beschreiben, die sich ihr Wissen über die Jahre eigenständig, zum Teil als Hobby, insbesondere aber im Rahmen eines training-onthe job selbst angeeignet haben« (Seite 102). - Zwei Vergleichsstudien - Nach einführenden Kapiteln über die Expertiseforschung in der Psychologie, ihrer Anwendung auf Fragen des Information Retrieval und Betrachtungen über das Konzept des Hypertexts sowie einem Uberblick über Nutzerstudien im Bereich der Websuche kommt der Autor zum Kernpunkt seines Werks. Er besteht aus zwei Untersuchungen, die der Verfasser im Rahmen seines Dissertationsprojekts, dessen Ergebnisse das vorliegende Buch darstellt, durchgeführt hat. Für die erste Studie machte der Autor Interviews mit den Versuchspersonen, um ihre grundsätzlichen Recherchestra tegien kennen zu lernen und anhand der Ergebnisse ein Ablaufdiagramm typischer Internetrecherchen zu erstellen. In einem zweiten Schritt mussten die Versuchspersonen einige Suchaufgaben lösen. Dabei wurde beobachtet, inwieweit sich das Suchverhalten der Experten von demjenigen des durchschnittlichen Nutzers unterscheidet. Der Vergleich erfolgte auf Basis eines Rechercheprotokolls (Query Log) der Suchmaschine Fireball. Ergebnis war unter anderem, dass die Experten häufiger Operatoren und die Möglichkeit der Phrasensuche nutzten und dass ihre Anfragen aus durchschnittlich mehr Suchbegriffen bestanden. In der zweiten Studie wurde eine Expertengruppe direkt mit Internetanfängern verglichen. Die Aufgabenstellungen kamen aus dem Bereich der Volkswirtschaft (Euro-Umstellung). Die Versuchsteilnehmer wurden in vier Gruppen aufgeteilt: jeweils Anfänger und Experten mit beziehungsweise ohne volkswirtschaftliche Vorkenntnisse. Das Ergebnis war, dass die Gruppe der »Doppelexperten« deutlich bessere Resultate erzielte als Teilnehmer der anderen Gruppen. Erfahrungen nur im volkswirtschaftlichen Bereich oder aber in Bezug auf die Internetrecherche reichten nicht aus, um die Aufgaben besser zu lösen als die so genannten Doppellaien. Allerdings stellt der Autor selbst fest, dass der Schwierigkeitsgrad der gestellten Aufgaben für die Versuchspersonen zu hoch war. Besonders gravierend war dies bei der letzten Aufgabe. Diese konnten von den 47 Teilnehmern nur zwei erfolgreich bearbeiten; interessanterweise ein Doppelexperte und ein Doppellaie. Unter anderem diese Feststellung stellt die Kriterien für einen »Web-Experten« infrage. Interessant wäre es gewesen, wenn anstatt der Abgrenzung durch das Kriterium Web-Erfahrung »wirkliche« Experten wie Bibliothekare und Informationsvermittler die untersuchte Expertengruppe gebildet hätten. Zwar hätten sich bei dem aufgezeichneten exemplarischen Ablauf einer Recherche wohl keine gravierenden Unterschiede ergeben, wahrscheinlich aber bei der Lösung der Suchaufgaben. Die im Anhang abgedruckten Aufgaben erscheinen auch für den nicht volkswirtschaftlich gebildeten Profi als nicht übermäßig schwierig. Die Aussage, dass nur Doppelexperten Suchaufgaben besser lösen können als Anfänger in beiden Bereichen, ist also durchaus fragwürdig. Der Autor kommt zu dem Schluss, dass »inhaltliches Wissen - zumindest für sehr spezifische, inhaltlich anspruchsvolle Aufgaben - als Hilfsmittel der Recherche nur schwer zu kompensieren [ist] « (Seite 185). Dem ist bei hoch spezialisierten Fragestellungen sicherlich zuzustimmen; dabei sollte allerdings eine klare Grenze gesetzt werden, was denn nun sehr spezifische Aufgaben sind.
- Pages
- 246 S
-
feu: Wildes Browsen (2002)
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- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.38 vom 14.2.2002, S.6
- Type
- a
-
Sherman, C.; Price, G.: ¬The invisible Web : uncovering information sources search engines can't see (2001)
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- Abstract
- Enormous expanses of the Internet are unreachable with standard Web search engines. This book provides the key to finding these hidden resources by identifying how to uncover and use invisible Web resources. Mapping the invisible Web, when and how to use it, assessing the validity of the information, and the future of Web searching are topics covered in detail. Only 16 percent of Net-based information can be located using a general search engine. The other 84 percent is what is referred to as the invisible Web-made up of information stored in databases. Unlike pages on the visible Web, information in databases is generally inaccessible to the software spiders and crawlers that compile search engine indexes. As Web technology improves, more and more information is being stored in databases that feed into dynamically generated Web pages. The tips provided in this resource will ensure that those databases are exposed and Net-based research will be conducted in the most thorough and effective manner. Discusses the use of online information resources and problems caused by dynamically generated Web pages, paying special attention to information mapping, assessing the validity of information, and the future of Web searching.
- Pages
- 402 S
-
Bradley, P.: Advanced Internet searcher's handbook (1998)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Information world review. 1999, no.146, S.26 (D. Parr)
- Pages
- XV,232 S
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Charlier, M.: Pingpong mit Pingback : Lass mich Deine Suchmaschine sein: Webseiten finden neue Wege der Vernetzung (2003)
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- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.80 vom 4.4.2003, S.14
- Type
- a
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Lütgert, S.: ¬Der Googlehupf als Quantensprung : Content heißt jetzt Context - Warum man mit Websites noch nie Geld verdienen konnte. Linksverkehr (2001)
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- Süddeutsche Zeitung. Nr.xxx vom 13.12.2001, S.19
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Day, M.; Koch, T.: ¬The role of classification schemes in Internet resource description and discovery : DESIRE - Development of a European Service for Information on Research and Education. Specification for resource description methods, part 3 (1997)
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