-
Hu, D.; Kaza, S.; Chen, H.: Identifying significant facilitators of dark network evolution (2009)
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- Abstract
- Social networks evolve over time with the addition and removal of nodes and links to survive and thrive in their environments. Previous studies have shown that the link-formation process in such networks is influenced by a set of facilitators. However, there have been few empirical evaluations to determine the important facilitators. In a research partnership with law enforcement agencies, we used dynamic social-network analysis methods to examine several plausible facilitators of co-offending relationships in a large-scale narcotics network consisting of individuals and vehicles. Multivariate Cox regression and a two-proportion z-test on cyclic and focal closures of the network showed that mutual acquaintance and vehicle affiliations were significant facilitators for the network under study. We also found that homophily with respect to age, race, and gender were not good predictors of future link formation in these networks. Moreover, we examined the social causes and policy implications for the significance and insignificance of various facilitators including common jails on future co-offending. These findings provide important insights into the link-formation processes and the resilience of social networks. In addition, they can be used to aid in the prediction of future links. The methods described can also help in understanding the driving forces behind the formation and evolution of social networks facilitated by mobile and Web technologies.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:50:30
-
Shifman, L.; Thelwall, M.: Assessing global diffusion with Web memetics : the spread and evolution of a popular joke (2009)
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- Abstract
- Memes are small units of culture, analogous to genes, which flow from person to person by copying or imitation. More than any previous medium, the Internet has the technical capabilities for global meme diffusion. Yet, to spread globally, memes need to negotiate their way through cultural and linguistic borders. This article introduces a new broad method, Web memetics, comprising extensive Web searches and combined quantitative and qualitative analyses, to identify and assess: (a) the different versions of a meme, (b) its evolution online, and (c) its Web presence and translation into common Internet languages. This method is demonstrated through one extensively circulated joke about men, women, and computers. The results show that the joke has mutated into several different versions and is widely translated, and that translations incorporate small, local adaptations while retaining the English versions' fundamental components. In conclusion, Web memetics has demonstrated its ability to identify and track the evolution and spread of memes online, with interesting results, albeit for only one case study.
-
Marchionini, G.: Co-evolution of user and organizational interfaces : a longitudinal case study of WWW dissemination of national statistics (2002)
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- Abstract
- The data systems, policies and procedures, corporate culture, and public face of an agency or institution make up its organizational interface. This case study describes how user interfaces for the Bureau of Labor Statistics web site evolved over a 5-year period along with the [arger organizational interface and how this co-evolution has influenced the institution itself. Interviews with BLS staff and transaction log analysis are the foci in this analysis that also included user informationseeking studies and user interface prototyping and testing. The results are organized into a model of organizational interface change and related to the information life cycle.
-
Hill, L.L.; Carver, L.; Larsgaard, M.; Dolin, R.; Smith, T.R.; Frew, J.; Rae, M.-A.: Alexandria Digital Library : end user evaluation studies and system design (2000)
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- Abstract
- The Alexandria Digital Library (ADL) is one of the 6 digital library projects funded by NSF, DARPA, and NASA. ADL's collection and services focus on information containing georeferences: maps, images, data sets, text and other information sources with links to geographic locations. During this study period, 3 different user interfaces were developed and tested by user groups. User feedback was collected through various formal and informal approaches and the results fed back into the design and implementation cycle. This article describes the evolution of the ADL system and the effect of user evaluation on that evolution. ADL is an ongoing project; user feedback and evaluation plans for the remainder of the project are described
-
Schmidt, A.P.; Rössler, O.E.: ¬Ein neues Papier für die Welt : Medien(r)evolutionen auf dem Weg zur Menschwerdung (2003)
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- Abstract
- Die Erfindung der Sprache war die erste Medien(r)evolution der Menschheitsgeschichte. Sie fand in zwei Stufen statt. Die erste Stufe war die Menschwerdung in der Familie, ausgehend von der Mutter-Kind-Dyade. Die zweite Stufe war eine (R)evolution, deren Brisanz wir uns heute kaum mehr vorstellen können. Was zuvor auf die emotionale Zuwendung und Opferbereitschaft im engsten Kreis beschränkt war, wurde auf einmal wie ein Handschuh externalisiert. Alle durften an den subtilsten Nuancen, die ursprünglich im kleinsten Kreis auf intimer Basis entstanden waren, teilnehmen, und an dem großen Teppich weiterarbeiten und an seiner Schönheit und Heiligkeit beitragen. Sprachwissenschaftler wissen, daß jede Sprache ein metaphysisch unendlich wertvolles Objekt darstellt. Der Spruch "Der liebe Gott" hat viele Tiere und Pflanzen gemacht und viele partielle Differentialgleichungen" (Ulrich Wais) bedarf der Ergänzung: "Und viele Sprachen". Gemeint ist in allen drei Fällen, daß beliebig viele Forscherleben in jede der genannten Spezies investiert werden können, ahne daß die Majestät des betreffenden Forschungsgegenstandes dabei im geringsten an Bedeutung verlöre. Die zweite Medien(r)evolution war nicht die Schrift, obwohl natürlich die Erfindung des Buches natürlich mit der Erfindung der DNS vergleichbaren Evolutionsfortschritt darstellt. Man muß auch sehen, daß durch das Internet diese Erfindung wieder in Gefahr gerät, da am Buch das wichtigste seine Verfügbarkeit auf nahezu unbegrenzte Zeit an vielen in ihrem Überleben voneinander vollständig entkoppelten Orten. Diese Eigenschaft teilt das Buch mit der Sprache. Das Internet hat sie verloren. Aber wir sprechen hiervon einer anderen Artvon (R)evolutionen. Die eigentliche (R)evolution der Sprache war, wie gesagt, nicht ihr Beitrag zu neuen Farm der Informationserhaltung wie meist angenommen wird, sondern ihr Öffnen eines Weltenhorizontes von unendlicher Attraktivität. Deshalb wurde oben das in einem wissenschaftlichen Text ungewohnte Wort "heilig" ahne Anführungsstriche verwendet. Die Stufe ist also ein Teil der Menschwerdung. Zum ersten Mal ereignet sich heute ein vergleichbarer Himmel - ein öffnender Evolutionssprung - erneut. Wiederum ist vollkommen unabsehbar, was die Menschheit in das neue Juwel hineinpacken wird. Mit dem Internet ist diese zweite Phase der Menschwerdung eingeleitet.
-
Bar-Ilan, J.; Peritz, B.C.: Evolution, continuity, and disappearance of documents on a specific topic an the Web : a longitudinal study of "informetrics" (2004)
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-
Dron, J.; Boyne, C.; Mitchell, R.; Siviter, P.: Darwin among the indices : a report on COFIND, a self-organising resource base (2000)
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- Abstract
- In this paper we report on the development and use of CoFIND (Collaborative Filter In N Dimensions), a web-based collaborative bookmark engine, designed as part of a self-organising learning environment to generate a list of useful and relevant learning resources. Users of CoFfND can add pointers to resources and rate them according to two types of category, 'topics' and 'qualities'. Along with the links and descriptions of the resources themselves, both topics and qualities are also entered by users, thus generating a resource-base and collective categorisation scheme based on the needs and wishes of its participants. A topic is analogous to a traditional category whereby any object can be considered to be in the set or out of it. Examples of topics might include 'animals', 'computing', 'travel' and so on. Qualities, on the other hand are the things that users value in a resource, and most of them are (in English at any rate) adjectives or adjectival descriptive phrases. It is always possible to say of a quality that a given resource is more or less so. Examples of qualities might include 'good for beginners', 'amusing', 'colourful', 'turgid' and so on. It is the qualities that provide the nth dimension of CoFIND, allowing much subtler ratings than typical collaborative filtering systems, which tend to rate resources according to a simple good/bad or useful/useless scale. CoFIND thus dynamically accommodates changing needs in learners, essential because the essence of learning is change. In use, the user enters a number of qualities and/or topics that interest them. Resources are returned in a list ordered according to the closeness of match to the required topics and qualities, weighted by the number of users who have categorised or rated a particular resource. The more a topic or quality is used to categorise different resources, the more prominent its position in the list of selectable topics or categories. Not only do less popular qualities sink to the bottom of this list, they can also fall off it altogether, in a process analogous to a Darwinian concept of evolution, where species of quality or topic fight each other for votes and space on the list and topics and qualities are honed so that only the most useful survive. The system is designed to teeter on the 'edge of chaos', thus allowing clear species to develop without falling into chaotic disorder or stagnant order. The paper reports on some ongoing experiments using the CoFIND system to support a number of learning environments within the University of Brighton. In particular, we report on a cut-down form used to help teach a course on Human-Computer Interaction, whereby students not only rate screen designs but collaboratively create the qualities used to rate those resources. Mention is made of plans to use the system to establish metadata schema for courseware component design, a picture database and to help facilitate small group research. The paper concludes by analysing early results, indicating that the approach provides a promising way to automatically elicit consensus on issues of categorisation and rating, allowing evolution instead of the 'experts' to decide classification criteria. However, several problems need to be overcome, including difficulties encouraging use of the system (especially when the resource base is not highly populated) and problems tuning the rate of evolution in order to maintain a balance between stability and disorder
-
Cordeiro, M.I.; Slavic, A.: Data models for knowledge organization tools : evolution and perspectives (2003)
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-
Ceaparu, I.; Shneiderman, B.: Finding governmental statistical data on the Web : a study of categorically organized links for the FedStats topics page (2004)
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- Abstract
- More than 100 U.S. governmental agencies offer links through FedStats, a centralized Web site that facilitates access to statistical tables, reports, and agencies. This and similar large collections need appropriate interfaces to guide the general public to easily and successfully find information they seek. This paper summarizes the results of 3 empirical studies of alternate organization concepts of the FedStats Topics Web page. Each study had 15 participants. The evolution from 645 alphabetically organized links, to 549 categorically organized links, to 215 categorically organized links tied to portal pages produced a steady rise in successful task completion from 15.6 to 24.4 to 42.2%. User satisfaction also increased. We make recommendations based an these data and our observations of users.
-
Richard, B.; Tchounikine, P.: Enhancing the adaptivity of an existing Website with an epiphyte recommender system (2004)
0.02
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- Abstract
- In this paper we propose an approach to enhance the adaptivity of an existing Website by plugging on top of it ("epiphyte approach") a recommender system that displays additional tips and functionalities in a separate window. The recommender system analyzes the way the user browses through the Website according to predefined prototypical ways of using the Website ("models of use") and then proposes information or functionalities that appear useful according to this model of use. Different models of use can be identified, each of them corresponding to a "logical extension" of the original Website. Associating an existing Website with such logical extensions therefore allows enhancing its adaptivity whilst (i) not modifying the original Website and (ii) facilitating the evolution of the adaptive features as this only requires modifying the recommender system. This approach can be used as an alternative and/or in association with other approaches related in the literature.
-
Thelwall, M.: Webometrics (2009)
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- Abstract
- Webometrics is an information science field concerned with measuring aspects of the World Wide Web (WWW) for a variety of information science research goals. It came into existence about five years after the Web was formed and has since grown to become a significant aspect of information science, at least in terms of published research. Although some webometrics research has focused on the structure or evolution of the Web itself or the performance of commercial search engines, most has used data from the Web to shed light on information provision or online communication in various contexts. Most prominently, techniques have been developed to track, map, and assess Web-based informal scholarly communication, for example, in terms of the hyperlinks between academic Web sites or the online impact of digital repositories. In addition, a range of nonacademic issues and groups of Web users have also been analyzed.
-
Van Epps, A.S.: ¬The evolution of electronic reference sources (2005)
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-
Ulrich, P.S.: Collaborative Digital Reference Service : Weltweites Projekt (2001)
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- Date
- 20. 4.2002 17:30:22
-
Degez, D.; Masse, C.: ¬L'indexation à l'ère d'Internet (2000)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:01:00
-
Herrmann, C.: Partikulare Konkretion universal zugänglicher Information : Beobachtungen zur Konzeptionierung fachlicher Internet-Seiten am Beispiel der Theologie (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2000 19:29:08
-
Levy, D.M.: Digital libraries and the problem of purpose (2000)
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- Source
- Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science. 26(2000), no.6, Aug/Sept, S.22-25
-
Gersmann, G.; Dörr, M.: ¬Der Server Frühe Neuzeit als Baustein für eine Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Geschichte (2001)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2001 11:57:52
-
Domingue, J.; Motta, E.: PlanetOnto : from news publishing to integrated knowledge management support (2000)
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- Date
- 14. 8.2002 11:47:22
-
Schininà, A.: Literatur im Internet (2001)
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- Source
- Online Mitteilungen. 2001, Nr.70, S.22-36 [=Mitteilungen VÖB 54(2001) H.2/3]
-
Dirks, H.: Lernen im Internet oder mit Gedrucktem? : Eine Untersuchung zeigt: Fernunterrichts-Teilnehmer wollen beides! (2002)
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- Date
- 11. 8.2002 15:05:22
