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  1. Gore, E.; Bitta, M.D.; Cohen, D.: ¬The Digital Public Library of America and the National Digital Platform (2017) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The Digital Public Library of America brings together the riches of America's libraries, archives, and museums, and makes them freely available to the world. In order to do this, DPLA has had to build elements of the national digital platform to connect to those institutions and to serve their digitized materials to audiences. In this article, we detail the construction of two critical elements of our work: the decentralized national network of "hubs," which operate in states across the country; and a version of the Hydra repository software that is tailored to the needs of our community. This technology and the organizations that make use of it serve as the foundation of the future of DPLA and other projects that seek to take advantage of the national digital platform.
    Source
    D-Lib magazine. 23(2017) nos.5/6, xx S
  2. Gigerenzer, G.; Jahberg, H.: "Deutschland wird eine Überwachungsgesellschaft" (2019) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Der Psychologe und Ex-Regierungsberater schlägt Alarm: Sprachassistenten sind Heimspione, Barbie verrät Geheimnisse aus dem Kinderzimmer.
    Date
    17. 1.2019 14:23:41
  3. Zhang, A.: Multimedia file formats on the Internet : a beginner's guide for PC users (1995) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Darstellung der verschiedenen Dateiformate, wie sie im Internet verwendet werden sowie die Möglichkeiten, die Dateien zu nutzen (einschl. Angaben zu Software etc.)
  4. Wetzel, D.: Bücher, Spielzeug, Daten, Krieg : Die globalen Software- und Internetriesen drängen in das Geschäft mit »Sicherheit«. (2019) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Menschen in Deutschland ist Amazon vor allem bekannt als Onlinehändler, der ihnen fast alles nach Hause liefert: Bücher und Küchengeräte, Musik, Spielzeug und Möbel. Doch ist der USTechnologiekonzern mehr als ein riesiges Versandhaus - er ist auch ein gigantischer Datenspeicher. Diese Speicher nutzen inzwischen auch die Polizei, die Geheimdienste - und bald vielleicht auch das US-Militär. Zwischen den großen Cloud-Anbietern ist ein Kampf um einen Großauftrag entbrannt, mit dem das Pentagon seine weltweite Kriegsführung optimieren will. Amazon hat gute Chancen. Die »Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung« hatte Anfang März unter Berufung auf Behördenangaben berichtet, dass Amazons Tochterunternehmen Amazon Web Services die Bodycam-Aufnahmen der deutschen Bundespolizei auf ihren Cloudservern speichert. Damit ist die Bundespolizei nicht allein. Die CIA schloss schon 2013 einen Vertrag über etwa eine halbe Milliarde Dollar mit Amazon ab. Seitdem werden Daten des US-Geheimdienstes in der Cloud von Amazon gespeichert.
  5. Ronzheimer, M.: ¬Die Datenspur in der Natur : über die Wirkung der Digitalisierung auf die Umwelt und den Energieverbrauch (2019) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Die Industrialisierung ist die zweite »große Transformation« in der Menschheitsgeschichte, angetrieben durch die immense Nutzung fossiler Rohstoffe wie Kohle und Erdöl. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat dieser Prozess der Ausbeutung der natürlichen Ressourcen eine solche Dynamik erlangt, dass Forscher von einem neuen Erdzeitalter, dem »Anthropozän«, sprechen. Wissenschaftler der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) haben die Mechanismen dieser Beschleunigung genauer untersucht und als zentralen neuen Treiber den Umgang mit der Ressource »Daten« - die Digitalisierung mithilfe der Computertechnik - ausgemacht. Erst durch die massenhafte Verbreitung der Informationstechnik sei die Überschreitung der »planetaren Grenzen« ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit möglich geworden. Ihr neues Paradigma, den Wandel der Welt zu verstehen, nennen die Forscher »Geo-Anthropologie« und schlagen die Gründung eines eigenen Forschungsinstituts vor, das sich den »Perspektiven für die Erhaltung des Lebensraums Erde« widmen soll.
    Source
    Neues Deutschland. 2019, 12.01.2109, S.23 [https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1109789.digitalisierung-die-datenspur-in-der-natur.html]
  6. Koch, T.; Ardö, A.: Automatic classification of full-text HTML-documents from one specific subject area : DESIRE II D3.6a, Working Paper 2 (2000) 0.02 
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    Content
    1 Introduction / 2 Method overview / 3 Ei thesaurus preprocessing / 4 Automatic classification process: 4.1 Matching -- 4.2 Weighting -- 4.3 Preparation for display / 5 Results of the classification process / 6 Evaluations / 7 Software / 8 Other applications / 9 Experiments with universal classification systems / References / Appendix A: Ei classification service: Software / Appendix B: Use of the classification software as subject filter in a WWW harvester.
  7. Pasquinelli, M.: Die Regierung des digitalen Mehrwerts : Von der Netz-Gesellschaft zur Gesellschaft der Metadaten (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In einer Zukunftsvision der kalifornischen Technokultur wird die Singularitätmärchenhaft als der Moment verklärt, in dem die Fortschritte der Vernetzung und Rechenleistung darin gipfeln werden, dass Computer "Bewusstsein" und Unabhängigkeit vom Menschen erlangen.2 Der Mythos, dass die Maschinen eines Tages die Kontrolle über genau jene Menschheit übernehmen werden, der sie ihre Existenz verdanken, ist nach einem Jahrhundert Science-Fiction, von Samuel Butlers Roman Erewhon aus dem Jahr 1872 (der unter anderem Gilles Deleuze und Felix Guattari zu ihrem Begriff der Maschine angeregt hat) bis zum Film Matrix von 1999, zum Volks-Aberglauben geworden. Derartige dystopische und eindeutig reaktionäre Visionen bilden nicht nur den gegenwärtigen Konflikt zwischen kollektivem Körper und maschineller Ausbeutung ab, sondern stützen sich auch unverkennbar auf die techno-deterministische Annahme einer Autonomie der Maschinen von der politischen Macht des Sozialen. Am Begriff der Singularität lässt sich beispielhaft zeigen, wo das Netz seine Grenzen findet, wo Momente des Bruchs auftreten, und wo Transformationen zu neuen technologischen und sozialen Konfiguration stattfinden. Die Geschichte der Medien ist eine Geschichte der kontinuierlichen Akkumulation von Energie, eine Geschichte von Paradigmen-Brüchen und von Übergängen durch Momente der Singularität. Dabei reproduziert sich ein und dieselbe Ökonomie über alle Abfolgen von Krisen und Brüchen hinweg, von einer Produktionsform zur anderen, so dass man beinahe den Moment der Singularität selbst als das bestimmende Modell der Ökonomie betrachten könnte, die sich ja aus den Effekten der Akkumulation und der Verwandlung von einfachem Geld in Finanzkapital speist.
    Date
    23. 3.2019 18:10:28
  8. Bünte, O.: Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragte bezweifelt Facebooks Datenschutzversprechen (2018) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Die Bundesdatenschutzbeauftrage Andrea Voßhoff hat ihre Zweifel geäußert, ob der Datenschutz bei Facebook künftig verlässlich eingehalten wird. Sie selbst nutzt das soziale Netzwerk nicht mehr.
    Content
    "Die Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragte Andrea Voßhoff bezweifelt die Ankündigung von mehr Datenschutz durch Facebook-Gründer Mark Zuckerberg. Die Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragte Andrea Voßhoff bezweifelt die Ankündigung von mehr Datenschutz durch Facebook-Gründer Mark Zuckerberg. "Das Geschäftsprinzip von Facebook ist ja gerade, Daten zu generieren und sie gewinnbringend zu vermarkten. So gesehen würde ich jetzt nicht unbedingt behaupten wollen, dass ich ihm das per se glaube, aber er kann es ja auch unter Beweis stellen", sagte die CDU-Politikerin gegenüber der Deutschen Presse-Agentur. "Aber die Zweifel bleiben insbesondere in Anbetracht eines solchen dimensional gigantischen Vorwurfs." Vgl.: http://www.heise.de/-4002008.
    Date
    23. 3.2018 13:41:22
    Footnote
    Vgl. zum Hintergrund auch: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/cambridge-analytica-facebook-influence-us-election; https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/18/us/cambridge-analytica-facebook-privacy-data.html; http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-tn-facebook-cambridge-analytica-sued-20180321-story.html; https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/facebook-cambridge-analytica-103.html; http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/cambridge-analytica-der-eigentliche-skandal-liegt-im-system-facebook-kolumne-a-1199122.html; http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/netzpolitik/cambridge-analytica-facebook-sieht-sich-im-datenskandal-als-opfer-a-1199095.html; https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Datenskandal-um-Cambridge-Analytica-Facebook-sieht-sich-als-Opfer-3999922.html.
  9. Choo, C.W.; Detlor, B.; Turnbull, D.: Information seeking on the Web : an integrated model of browsing and searching (2000) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents findings from a study of how knowledge workers use the Web to seek external information as part of their daily work. 34 users from 7 companies took part in the study. Participants were mainly IT-specialists, managers, and research/marketing/consulting staff working in organizations that included a large utility company; a major bank, and a consulting firm. Participants answered a detailed questionnaire and were interviewed individually in order to understand their information needs and information seeking preferences. A custom-developed WebTracker software application was installed on each of their work place PCs, and participants' Web-use activities were then recorded continuously during two-week periods
    Footnote
    Die Artikel der Zeitschrift FirstMonday (http://www.firstmonday.dk) sind nur nach vorheriger Anmeldung einsehbar
  10. Subramanian, S.; Shafer, K.E.: Clustering (1998) 0.01 
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    Date
    11. 2.1997 20:11:23
  11. Shafer, K.E.: Evaluating Scorpion results (1998) 0.01 
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    Date
    11. 2.1997 20:11:23
  12. Koch, T.; Ardö, A.; Brümmer, A.: ¬The building and maintenance of robot based internet search services : A review of current indexing and data collection methods. Prepared to meet the requirements of Work Package 3 of EU Telematics for Research, project DESIRE. Version D3.11v0.3 (Draft version 3) (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    After a short outline of problems, possibilities and difficulties of systematic information retrieval on the Internet and a description of efforts for development in this area, a specification of the terminology for this report is required. Although the process of retrieval is generally seen as an iterative process of browsing and information retrieval and several important services on the net have taken this fact into consideration, the emphasis of this report lays on the general retrieval tools for the whole of Internet. In order to be able to evaluate the differences, possibilities and restrictions of the different services it is necessary to begin with organizing the existing varieties in a typological/ taxonomical survey. The possibilities and weaknesses will be briefly compared and described for the most important services in the categories robot-based WWW-catalogues of different types, list- or form-based catalogues and simultaneous or collected search services respectively. It will however for different reasons not be possible to rank them in order of "best" services. Still more important are the weaknesses and problems common for all attempts of indexing the Internet. The problems of the quality of the input, the technical performance and the general problem of indexing virtual hypertext are shown to be at least as difficult as the different aspects of harvesting, indexing and information retrieval. Some of the attempts made in the area of further development of retrieval services will be mentioned in relation to descriptions of the contents of documents and standardization efforts. Internet harvesting and indexing technology and retrieval software is thoroughly reviewed. Details about all services and software are listed in analytical forms in Annex 1-3.
  13. Ding, J.: Can data die? : why one of the Internet's oldest images lives on wirhout its subjects's consent (2021) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In 2021, sharing content is easier than ever. Our lingua franca is visual: memes, infographics, TikToks. Our references cross borders and platforms, shared and remixed a hundred different ways in minutes. Digital culture is collective by default and has us together all around the world. But as the internet reaches its "dirty 30s," what happens when pieces of digital culture that have been saved, screenshotted, and reposted for years need to retire? Let's dig into the story of one of these artifacts: The Lenna image. The Lenna image may be relatively unknown in pop culture today, but in the engineering world, it remains an icon. I first encountered the image in an undergrad class, then grad school, and then all over the sites and software I use every day as a tech worker like Github, OpenCV, Stack Overflow, and Quora. To understand where the image is today, you have to understand how it got here. So, I decided to scrape Google scholar, search, and reverse image search results to track down thousands of instances of the image across the internet (see more in the methods section).
    Lena Forsén, the real human behind the Lenna image, was first published in Playboy in 1972. Soon after, USC engineers searching for a suitable test image for their image processing research sought inspiration from the magazine. They deemed Lenna the right fit and scanned the image into digital, RGB existence. From here, the story of the image follows the story of the internet. Lenna was one of the first inhabitants of ARPANet, the internet's predecessor, and then the world wide web. While the image's reach was limited to a few research papers in the '70s and '80s, in 1991, Lenna was featured on the cover of an engineering journal alongside another popular test image, Peppers. This caught the attention of Playboy, which threatened a copyright infringement lawsuit. Engineers who had grown attached to Lenna fought back. Ultimately, they prevailed, and as a Playboy VP reflected on the drama: "We decided we should exploit this because it is a phenomenon." The Playboy controversy canonized Lenna in engineering folklore and prompted an explosion of conversation about the image. Image hits on the internet rose to a peak number in 1995.
    In the 21st century, the image has remained a common sight in classrooms and on TV, including a feature on Silicon Valley in 2014. Pushback towards the use of the image also grew in the 2010s leading up to 2019, when the Losing Lena documentary was released. Forsén shares her side of the story and asks for her image to be retired: "I retired from modelling a long time ago. It's time I retired from tech, too. We can make a simple change today that creates a lasting change for tomorrow. Let's commit to losing me." After the film's release, many of my female colleagues shared stories about their own encounters with the image throughout their careers. When one of the only women this well referenced, respected, and remembered in your field is known for a nude photo that was taken of her and is now used without her consent, it inevitably shapes the perception of the position of women in tech and the value of our contributions. The film called on the engineering community to stop their spread of the image and use alternatives instead. This led to efforts to remove the image from textbooks and production code and a slow, but noticeable decline in the image's use for research.
    Content
    "Having known Lenna for almost a decade, I have struggled to understand what the story of the image means for what tech culture is and what it is becoming. To me, the crux of the Lenna story is how little power we have over our data and how it is used and abused. This threat seems disproportionately higher for women who are often overrepresented in internet content, but underrepresented in internet company leadership and decision making. Given this reality, engineering and product decisions will continue to consciously (and unconsciously) exclude our needs and concerns. While social norms are changing towards non-consensual data collection and data exploitation, digital norms seem to be moving in the opposite direction. Advancements in machine learning algorithms and data storage capabilities are only making data misuse easier. Whether the outcome is revenge porn or targeted ads, surveillance or discriminatory AI, if we want a world where our data can retire when it's outlived its time, or when it's directly harming our lives, we must create the tools and policies that empower data subjects to have a say in what happens to their data. including allowing their data to die."
  14. Hitchcock, S.; Bergmark, D.; Brody, T.; Gutteridge, C.; Carr, L.; Hall, W.; Lagoze, C.; Harnad, S.: Open citation linking : the way forward (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The speed of scientific communication - the rate of ideas affecting other researchers' ideas - is increasing dramatically. The factor driving this is free, unrestricted access to research papers. Measurements of user activity in mature eprint archives of research papers such as arXiv have shown, for the first time, the degree to which such services support an evolving network of texts commenting on, citing, classifying, abstracting, listing and revising other texts. The Open Citation project has built tools to measure this activity, to build new archives, and has been closely involved with the development of the infrastructure to support open access on which these new services depend. This is the story of the project, intertwined with the concurrent emergence of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). The paper describes the broad scope of the project's work, showing how it has progressed from early demonstrators of reference linking to produce Citebase, a Web-based citation and impact-ranked search service, and how it has supported the development of the EPrints.org software for building OAI-compliant archives. The work has been underpinned by analysis and experiments on the semantics of documents (digital objects) to determine the features required for formally perfect linking - instantiated as an application programming interface (API) for reference linking - that will enable other applications to build on this work in broader digital library information environments.
  15. Internet Privacy : eine multidisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme / a multidisciplinary analysis: acatech STUDIE (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Aufgrund der so großen Bedeutung von Privatheit im Internet hat acatech, die Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, 2011 ein Projekt initiiert, das sich mit dem Privatheitsparadoxon wissenschaftlich auseinandersetzt. In dem Projekt werden Empfehlungen entwickelt, wie sich eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet etablieren lässt, die es ermöglicht, das Paradoxon aufzulösen. Wir verwenden hier den Begriff der Privatheit. Er deutet an, dass hier nicht nur der räumliche Begriff Privatsphäre gemeint ist, sondern auch das im europäischen Kontext wichtige Konzept der informationellen Selbstbestimmung einbezogen ist. Dieser Band legt die Ergebnisse der ersten Projektphase vor: eine Bestandsaufnahme von Privatheit im Internet aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln. Kapitel 1 stellt die Wünsche und Befürchtungen von Internetnutzern und Gesellschaft im Hinblick auf ihre Privatheit vor. Sie wurden mithilfe sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden untersucht. Ergänzend dazu untersucht das zweite Kapitel Privatheit im Cyberspace aus ethischer Perspektive. Das dritte Kapitel widmet sich ökonomischen Aspekten: Da viele Onlinedienstleistungen mit Nutzerdaten bezahlt werden, ergibt sich die Frage, was dies sowohl für den Nutzer und Kunden als auch für die Unternehmen bedeutet. Kapitel 4 hat einen technologischen Fokus und analysiert, wie Privatheit von Internettechnologien bedroht wird und welche technischen Möglichkeiten es gibt, um die Privatheit des Nutzers zu schützen. Selbstverständlich ist der Schutz von Privatheit im Internet nicht nur ein technisches Problem. Deshalb untersucht Kapitel 5 Privatheit aus rechtlicher Sicht. Bei der Lektüre der fünf Kapitel wird dem Leser sofort die Komplexität der Frage von Privatheit im Internet (Internet Privacy) bewusst. Daraus folgt die unbedingte Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes. In diesem Sinne wird die interdisziplinäre Projektgruppe gemeinsam Optionen und Empfehlungen für einen Umgang mit Privatheit im Internet entwickeln, die eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet fördern. Diese Optionen und Empfehlungen werden 2013 als zweiter Band dieser Studie veröffentlicht.
  16. ¬Third International World Wide Web Conference, Darmstadt 1995 : [Inhaltsverzeichnis] (1995) 0.01 
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    Date
    3. 3.1996 9:17:23
  17. Ginsparg, P.: Winners and losers in the global research village (1998) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Invited contribution for Conference held at Unesco HQ, Paris, 19-23 Feb 1996, during session 'Scientist's view of publishing and issues raised'
  18. Jacobsen, G.: Webarchiving internationally : interoperability in the future? (2007) 0.01 
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    Content
    Vortrag anlässlich: WORLD LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CONGRESS: 73RD IFLA GENERAL CONFERENCE AND COUNCIL 19-23 August 2007, Durban, South Africa. - 73 - National Libraries
  19. Hyning, V. Van; Lintott, C.; Blickhan, S.; Trouille, L.: Transforming libraries and archives through crowdsourcing (2017) 0.01 
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    Source
    D-Lib magazine. 23(2017) nos.5/6, xx S
  20. Robbio, A. de; Maguolo, D.; Marini, A.: Scientific and general subject classifications in the digital world (2001) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In the present work we discuss opportunities, problems, tools and techniques encountered when interconnecting discipline-specific subject classifications, primarily organized as search devices in bibliographic databases, with general classifications originally devised for book shelving in public libraries. We first state the fundamental distinction between topical (or subject) classifications and object classifications. Then we trace the structural limitations that have constrained subject classifications since their library origins, and the devices that were used to overcome the gap with genuine knowledge representation. After recalling some general notions on structure, dynamics and interferences of subject classifications and of the objects they refer to, we sketch a synthetic overview on discipline-specific classifications in Mathematics, Computing and Physics, on one hand, and on general classifications on the other. In this setting we present The Scientific Classifications Page, which collects groups of Web pages produced by a pool of software tools for developing hypertextual presentations of single or paired subject classifications from sequential source files, as well as facilities for gathering information from KWIC lists of classification descriptions. Further we propose a concept-oriented methodology for interconnecting subject classifications, with the concrete support of a relational analysis of the whole Mathematics Subject Classification through its evolution since 1959. Finally, we recall a very basic method for interconnection provided by coreference in bibliographic records among index elements from different systems, and point out the advantages of establishing the conditions of a more widespread application of such a method. A part of these contents was presented under the title Mathematics Subject Classification and related Classifications in the Digital World at the Eighth International Conference Crimea 2001, "Libraries and Associations in the Transient World: New Technologies and New Forms of Cooperation", Sudak, Ukraine, June 9-17, 2001, in a special session on electronic libraries, electronic publishing and electronic information in science chaired by Bernd Wegner, Editor-in-Chief of Zentralblatt MATH.

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  • a 26
  • s 3
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  • i 1
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