Search (241 results, page 2 of 13)

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to engage in a systematic analysis of academic research that relies on the collection and use of Twitter data, creating topology of Twitter research that details the disciplines and methods of analysis, amount of tweets and users under analysis, the methods used to collect Twitter data, and accounts of ethical considerations related to these projects. Design/methodology/approach - Content analysis of 382 academic publications from 2006 to 2012 that used Twitter as their primary platform for data collection and analysis. Findings - The analysis of over 380 scholarly publications utilizing Twitter data reveals noteworthy trends related to the growth of Twitter-based research overall, the disciplines engaged in such research, the methods of acquiring Twitter data for analysis, and emerging ethical considerations of such research. Research limitations/implications - The findings provide a benchmark analysis that must be updated with the continued growth of Twitter-based research. Originality/value - The research is the first full-text systematic analysis of Twitter-based research projects, focussing on the growth in discipline and methods as well as its ethical implications. It is of value for the broader research community currently engaged in social media-based research, and will prompt reflexive evaluation of what research is occurring, how it is occurring, what is being done with Twitter data, and how researchers are addressing the ethics of Twitter-based research.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Content

Vgl. unter: http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Projektberichte/acatech_STUDIE_Internet_Privacy_WEB.pdf. Enthält Auszüge aus: Capurro, R., M, Eldred u. D. Nagel: Digital Whoness: Identity, Privacy and Freedom in the Cyberworld. Frankfurt 2013. Vgl. http://www.capurro.de/floridi.html.

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Date

23. 3.2018 13:41:22

Footnote

Vgl. zum Hintergrund auch: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/cambridge-analytica-facebook-influence-us-election; https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/18/us/cambridge-analytica-facebook-privacy-data.html; http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-tn-facebook-cambridge-analytica-sued-20180321-story.html; https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/facebook-cambridge-analytica-103.html; http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/cambridge-analytica-der-eigentliche-skandal-liegt-im-system-facebook-kolumne-a-1199122.html; http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/netzpolitik/cambridge-analytica-facebook-sieht-sich-im-datenskandal-als-opfer-a-1199095.html; https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Datenskandal-um-Cambridge-Analytica-Facebook-sieht-sich-als-Opfer-3999922.html.

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper is the final one in a series which has tried to give an overview of so-called transformational areas of digital library technology. The aim has been to assess how much real transformation these applications can bring about, in terms of creating genuine user benefit and also changing everyday library practice. Design/methodology/approach - The paper provides a summary of some of the legal and ethical issues associated with web 2.0 applications in libraries, associated with a brief retrospective view of some relevant literature. Findings - Although web 2.0 innovations have had a massive impact on the larger World Wide Web, the practical impact on library service delivery has been limited to date. What probably can be termed transformational in the effect of web 2.0 developments on library and information work is their effect on some underlying principles of professional practice. Research limitations/implications - The legal and ethical challenges of incorporating web 2.0 platforms into mainstream institutional service delivery need to be subject to further research, so that the risks associated with these innovations are better understood at the strategic and policy-making level. Practical implications - This paper makes some recommendations about new principles of library and information practice which will help practitioners make better sense of these innovations in their overall information environment. Social implications - The paper puts in context some of the more problematic social impacts of web 2.0 innovations, without denying the undeniable positive contribution of social networking to the sphere of human interactivity. Originality/value - This paper raises some cautionary points about web 2.0 applications without adopting a precautionary approach of total prohibition. However, none of the suggestions or analysis in this piece should be considered to constitute legal advice. If such advice is required, the reader should consult appropriate legal professionals.

Date

22. 1.2011 17:54:04

Type

a

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to get a first approximation of the usefulness of online forums with regard to information seeking and knowledge generation. Design/methodology/approach - This study captures the characteristics of knowledge generation by examining the pragmatics and types of information needs of posted questions and by investigating knowledge related characteristics of discussion posts as well as the success of communication. Three online forums were examined. The data set consists of 55 threads, containing 533 posts which were categorized manually by two researchers. Findings - Results show that questioners often ask for personal estimations. Information needs often aim for actionable insights or uncertainty reduction. With regard to answers, factual information is the dominant content type and has the highest knowledge value as it is the strongest predictor with regard to the generation of new knowledge. Opinions are also relevant, but in a rather subsequent and complementary way. Emotional aspects are scarcely observed. Overall, results indicate that knowledge creation predominantly follows a socio-cultural paradigm of knowledge exchange. Research limitations/implications - Although the investigation captures important aspects of knowledge building processes, the measurement of the forums' knowledge value is still rather limited. Success is only partly measurable with the current scheme. The central coding category "new topical knowledge" is only of nominal value and therefore not able to compare different kinds of knowledge gains in the course of discussion. Originality/value - The investigation reaches out beyond studies that do not consider that the role and relevance of posts is dependent on the state of the discussion. Furthermore, the paper integrates two perspectives of knowledge value: the success of the questioner with regard to the expressed information need and the knowledge building value for communicants and readers.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

Type

a

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between internet filtering, emotions and information-seeking behaviour. Design/methodology/approach In total, 15 postgraduate students at an Iranian university participated in the study which involved a questionnaire, search tasks with think aloud narratives, and interviews. Findings Internet content filtering results in some changes in the information-seeking behaviour of users. Users who face website blocking use a variety of methods to bypass filtering, mostly by using anti-filter software. Filtering encourages users to use channels such as social networking services to share resources and it increases the use of library material by some of the users. Users who face filtering during their search are more likely to visit more pages of results and click on more hits in the results, unlike users who do not experience filtering who rarely go past the first page. Blocking users' access to content stimulates their curiosity and they become more determined to access the content. In terms of the affective aspect, filtering causes several negative emotions (e.g. anger, disgust, sadness and anxiety) and the main reason for these emotions is not the inability to access information but the feeling of being controlled and not having freedom. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to a small number of postgraduate students in social sciences and not generalisable to all user groups. The implication is that in countries where filtering is used, libraries can play an important role in serving users and reducing users negative emotions, especially if libraries can take advantage of technologies such as social media for their services. Originality/value This is first study to address the effects of internet filtering on information-seeking behaviour and emotions. The study shows that internet filtering causes negative emotions and results in some changes in information-seeking behaviour.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Content

Ist durch IPv6 mit Ausfällen und Problemen zu rechnen? Da die Umstellung seit längerem vorbereitet wurde und schrittweise umgesetzt wird, rechnen Experten nicht damit. An der Einführung beteiligen sich nun alleine in den USA eine ganze Reihe großer Netzbetreiber wie AT&T, aber auch Hardware-Hersteller wie Cisco und D-Link und große Internet-Konzerne wie Google, Facebook, Microsoft und Yahoo. Verändert sich für den Internet-Nutzer etwas im Alltag? Zunächst eher nicht, perspektiv aber schon. Durch die nahezu unendliche Zahl an Adressen entstehen neue Anwendungs-Möglichkeiten. Bisher werden in den meisten Netzwerken, etwa im heimischen W-Lan, regelmäßig neue IP-Adressen vergeben, um die beschränkten Ressourcen flexibel zu nutzen. In Zukunft könnte jedem einzelnen Gerät eine einzige IP-Adresse für seine gesamte Lebenszeit zugewiesen werden. Damit könnten auch Geräte wie ein Kühlschrank, die Heizungsanlage oder Stromzähler eine Adresse bekommen (siehe Text nebenan) und ansteuerbar sein. Jedoch wäre dann jedes Internet-Gerät eindeutig identifizierbar. Datenschützer haben deshalb bereits Protest angemeldet. Lassen sich IPv6-Adressen nicht anonymisieren, wie bei der Rufnummernunterdrückung? So etwas planen Netzbetreiber. Die Telekom hat etwa angekündigt, den Netzwerk-Teil am Anfang der Adresse alle 24 Stunden neu zu codieren, auf Wunsch des Nutzers auch häufiger. Der Betreiber 1&1 hat in einem Firmenblog angekündigt, auch mit IPv6 die Adressen dynamisch zu vergeben, also immer wieder neu. Zudem wird auf der Internetseite 1und1.de erläutert, wie man die Kennung des Endgerätes verschlüsselt, die in die zweite Hälfte der Adresse einfließt."

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a

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Content

"Es gibt Daten, Informationen und Fakten. Wenn man mir eine Zahlenreihe vorsetzt, dann handelt es sich um Daten: unterscheidbare Einheiten, im Fachjargon: Items. Wenn man mir sagt, dass diese Items stündliche Temperaturangaben der Aare im Berner Marzilibad bedeuten, dann verfüge ich über Information - über interpretierte Daten. Wenn man mir sagt, dies seien die gemessenen Aaretemperaturen am 22. August 2016 im Marzili, dann ist das ein Faktum: empirisch geprüfte interpretierte Daten. Dieser Dreischritt - Unterscheiden, Interpretieren, Prüfen - bildet quasi das Bindemittel des Faktischen, «the matter of fact». Wir alle führen den Dreischritt ständig aus und gelangen so zu einem relativ verlässlichen Wissen und Urteilsvermögen betreffend die Dinge des Alltags. Aber wie schon die Kurzcharakterisierung durchblicken lässt, bilden Fakten nicht den Felsengrund der Realität. Sie sind kritikanfällig, sowohl von der Interpretation wie auch von der Prüfung her gesehen. Um bei unserem Beispiel zu bleiben: Es kann durchaus sein, dass man uns zwei unterschiedliche «faktische» Temperaturverläufe der Aare am 22. August 2016 vorsetzt.

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Imprint

Berlin : De Gruyter Saur

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Content

Der neue Herausgeber des Brockhaus, ein Tochterverlag von Bertelsmann, hat unterdessen angekündigt, zum gedruckten Lexikon zurückzukehren. Etwa Anfang 2015 soll die 22. Auflage erscheinen. In Zeiten des virtuellen Informationsoverkills gebe es einen Bedarf an Orientierung, an Relevanzvorgaben, sagt Geschäftsführer Christoph Hünermann. Ausgerechnet Bertelsmann druckte 2008 ein knapp 1 000 Seiten langes Wikipedia-Lexikon mit den 50 000 meist gesuchten Begriffen. Eine Experten-Redaktion überprüfte die Einträge sicherheitshalber zuvor - soll allerdings kaum Fehler gefunden haben."

Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.76 vom 29.3.2012, S.22-23

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Date

5. 7.2015 22:02:31

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Abstract

A common problem encountered in Web improvement is how to arrange the homepage links of a Website. This study analyses Web information search behavior, and applies the multiple demand theory to propose two models to help a visitor allocate time for multiple links. The process of searching is viewed as a formal choice problem in which the visitor attempts to choose from multiple Web links to maximize the total utility. The proposed models are calibrated to clickstream data collected from an educational institute over a seven-and-a-half month period. Based on the best fit model, a metric, utility loss, is constructed to measure the performance of each link and arrange them accordingly. Empirical results show that the proposed metric is highly efficient for prioritizing the links on a homepage and the methodology can also be used to study the feasibility of introducing a new function in a Website.

Type

a

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Abstract

Structural cohesion, hierarchy, holes, and percolating clusters share a complementary existence in many social networks. Although the individual influences of these attributes on the structure and function of a network have been analyzed in detail, a more accurate picture emerges in proper perspective and context only when research methods are employed to integrate their collective impacts on the network. In a major research project, we have undertaken this examination. This paper presents an extract from this project, using a global network assessment of these characteristics. We apply our methods to analyze the collaboration networks of a subset of researchers in India through their coauthored papers in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings in management science, including related areas of information technology and economics. We find the Indian networks to be currently suffering from a high degree of fragmentation, which severely restricts researchers' long-rage connectivities in the networks. Comparisons are made with networks of a similar sample of researchers working in the United States.

Type

a

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Abstract

Is Web 2.0 more than a buzzword? In recent years, technologists and others have heatedly debated this question, even in Wikipedia, itself an example of Web 2.0. From the perspective of the present study, Web 2.0 may indeed be a buzzword, but more substantially it is also an example of an organizing vision that drives a community's discourse about certain new Information Technology (IT), serving to advance the technology's adoption and diffusion. Every organizing vision has a career that reflects its construction over time, and in the present study we examine Web 2.0's career as captured in its Wikipedia entry over a 5-year period, finding that it falls into three distinct periods termed Germination, Growth, and Maturation. The findings reveal how Wikipedia, as a discourse vehicle, treats new IT and its many buzzwords, and more broadly captures the careers of their organizing visions. Too, they further our understanding of Wikipedia as a new encyclopedic form, providing novel insights into its uses, its community of contributors, and their editing activities, as well as the dynamics of article construction.

Type

a

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to understand how teenagers use Internet forums to search for information. The activities of asking for and providing information in a forum were explored, and a set of messages extracted from a French forum targeting adolescents was analyzed. Results show that the messages initiating the threads are often requests for information. Teenagers mainly ask for peers' opinions on personal matters and specific verifiable information. The discussions following these requests take the form of an exchange of advice (question/answer) or a coconstruction of the final answer between the participants (with assessments of participants' responses, requests for explanations, etc.). The results suggest that discussion forums present different advantages for adolescents' information-seeking activities. The first is that this social medium allows finding specialized information on topics specific to this age group. The second is that the collaborative aspect of information seeking in a forum allows these adolescents to overcome difficulties commonly associated with the search process (making a precise request, evaluating a result).

Type

a

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Abstract

We discuss the needs of a knowledge organization scheme for supporting Web-based software applications. We show how it differs from traditional knowledge organization schemes due to the virtual, dynamic, ad-hoc, userspecific and application-specific nature of Web-based knowledge. The sheer size of Web resources also adds to the complexity of organizing knowledge on the Web. As such, a standard, global scheme such as a single ontology for classifying and organizing all Web-based content is unrealistic. There is nevertheless a strong and immediate need for effective knowledge organization schemes to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Web-based applications. In this context, we propose a novel knowledge organization scheme wherein concepts in the ontology of a domain are semantically interlinked with specific pieces of Web-based content using a rich hyper-linking structure known as Superlinks with well-defined semantic roles. We illustrate how such a knowledge organization scheme improves the efficiency and effectiveness of a Web-based e-commerce retail store.

Source

Categories, contexts and relations in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Twelfth International ISKO Conference 6-9 August 2012, Mysore, India. Eds.: Neelameghan, A. u. K.S. Raghavan

Type

a

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Abstract

Hundreds of thousands of hashtags are generated every day on Twitter. Only a few will burst and become trending topics. In this article, we provide the definition of a bursting hashtag and conduct a systematic study of a series of challenging prediction problems that span the entire life cycles of bursting hashtags. Around the problem of "how to build a system to predict bursting hashtags," we explore different types of features and present machine learning solutions. On real data sets from Twitter, experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and the contributions of features.

Type

a

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Abstract

This study investigates the argument patterns in Yahoo! Answers, a major question and answer (Q&A) site. Mainly drawing on the ideas of Toulmin (), argument pattern is conceptualized as a set of 5 major elements: claim, counterclaim, rebuttal, support, and grounds. The combinations of these elements result in diverse argument patterns. Failed opening consists of an initial claim only, whereas nonoppositional argument pattern also includes indications of support. Oppositional argument pattern contains the elements of counterclaim and rebuttal. Mixed argument pattern entails all 5 elements. The empirical data were gathered by downloading from Yahoo! Answers 100 discussion threads discussing global warming-a controversial topic providing a fertile ground for arguments for and against. Of the argument patterns, failed openings were most frequent, followed by oppositional, nonoppositional, and mixed patterns. In most cases, the participants grounded their arguments by drawing on personal beliefs and facts. The findings suggest that oppositional and mixed argument patterns provide more opportunities for the assessment of the quality and credibility of answers, as compared to failed openings and nonoppositional argument patterns.

Type

a

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Abstract

Politicians' Web sites have been considered a medium for organizing, mobilizing, and agenda-setting, but extant literature lacks a systematic approach to interpret the Web sites of senators - a new medium for political communication. This study classifies the role of political Web sites into relational (hyperlinking) and topical (shared-issues) aspects. The two aspects may be viewed from a social embeddedness perspective and three facets, as K. Foot and S. Schneider ([2002]) suggested. This study employed network analysis, a set of research procedures for identifying structures in social systems, as the basis of the relations among the system's components rather than the attributes of individuals. Hyperlink and issue data were gathered from the United States Senate Web site and Yahoo. Major findings include: (a) The hyperlinks are more targeted at Democratic senators than at Republicans and are a means of communication for senators and users; (b) the issue network found from the Web is used for discussing public agendas and is more highly utilized by Republican senators; (c) the hyperlink and issue networks are correlated; and (d) social relationships and issue ecologies can be effectively detected by these two networks. The need for further research is addressed.

Type

a