Search (447 results, page 1 of 23)

0.11619051 = product of:
  0.23238102 = sum of:
    0.23238102 = sum of:
      0.1749706 = weight(_text_:500 in 5277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.1749706 = score(doc=5277,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.5403525 = fieldWeight in 5277, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5277)
      0.057410426 = weight(_text_:22 in 5277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.057410426 = score(doc=5277,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5277, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5277)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 7.2006 16:40:18

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.4, S.493-500

0.0874853 = product of:
  0.1749706 = sum of:
    0.1749706 = product of:
      0.3499412 = sum of:
        0.3499412 = weight(_text_:500 in 3245) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.3499412 = score(doc=3245,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            1.080705 = fieldWeight in 3245, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3245)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Pages

500 S. + 1 CD

0.076549634 = product of:
  0.15309927 = sum of:
    0.15309927 = product of:
      0.30619854 = sum of:
        0.30619854 = weight(_text_:500 in 5394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.30619854 = score(doc=5394,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.9456169 = fieldWeight in 5394, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5394)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Pages

500 S + 1 CD

0.0640403 = product of:
  0.1280806 = sum of:
    0.1280806 = sum of:
      0.0874853 = weight(_text_:500 in 5936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0874853 = score(doc=5936,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.27017626 = fieldWeight in 5936, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=5936)
      0.0405953 = weight(_text_:22 in 5936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0405953 = score(doc=5936,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.21886435 = fieldWeight in 5936, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=5936)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

"Der Musiker und Produzent Dieter Bohlen wurde als Dieter Günther Bohlen am 7. Februar 1954 in Oldenburg geboren. Die Ruine Steinschloss ist die höchstgelegene Burg-Ruine in der österreichischen Steiermark. Dieses und anderes Wissen bietet die Online-Enzyklopädie www.wikipedia.de. Das besondere daran: Die mehr als 100.000 deutschsprachigen Artikel stammen nicht aus einer Lexikon-Redaktion. Denn jeder kann bei Wikipedia mitarbeiten. Tausende Autoren schreiben und recherchieren an der Wissensdatenbank - ohne Lohn und mit dem Ziel, irgendwann einmal mit dem Brockhaus konkurrieren zu können. Dabei sind die Texte mit Quellenangabe frei verfügbar. Knapp 500 Artikel kommen nach Angaben des Projektsprechers Arne Klempert täglich neu hinzu. "Die Qualität ist dabei sehr unterschiedlich, sagt Klempert. Manchmal handelt es sich um Einzeiler, die gerade noch so als Artikel durchgehen." Andererseits gebe es aber auch eine Reihe exzellenter Beiträge. - Jeder kann jeden Text verbessern - Die Wikipedianer, so nennen sich die Aktiven bei Wikipedia selbst, verfahren mit den Texten anarchisch: Jeder kann jeden Text verbessern, Passagen hinzufügen oder löschen. Da ist Vandalismus Tür und Tor geöffnet, möchte man meinen. Doch die Störer verlieren bei der Online-Enzyklopädie schnell die Lust, sagt Klempert. Alle Versionen eines Artikels sind jederzeit abrufbar, nichts geht für immer verloren. Rund 4000 registrierte und ungezählte nicht-registrierte Autoren hüten den Wissensschatz Wikipedia und stellen ihre eigenen Kenntnisse zur Verfügung, um das Lexikon weiterzuentwickeln. Viele haben Spaß daran, ihr Wissen zu teilen und durch die Verbesserungen der anderen Autoren lernt man selbst wieder etwas dazu", beschreibt Klempert das Motiv, ein Wikipedianer zu sein. Die Idee zu Wikipedia hatte der US-Amerikaner Jimmy Wales. Im Januar 2001 startete zunächst eine englischsprachige Version der Online-Enzyklopädie, bereits im Mai des gleichen Jahres entstand die deutsche Ausgabe. Unterdessen List die Online-Enzyklopädie in rund 80 Sprachen verfügbar, darunter Esperanto und Plattdeutsch. Die englische Version ist derzeit die größte, gefolgt von der deutschen Wikipedia. Die Serverfarm in Florida wird von Wales' Stiftung Wikimedia getragen. Der Brockhaus-Verlag, der im kommenden Jahr 200 Jahre alt wird, sieht die Konkurrenz aus dem Internet gelassen. Brockhaus-Sprecher Klaus Holoch glaubt nicht, dass Wikipedia einmal den Brockhaus ersetzen kann. "Die Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie bietet geprüftes Wissen, auf das man sich hundertprozentig verlassen kann.""

Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22
22. 8.2004 10:07:39

0.05467831 = product of:
  0.10935662 = sum of:
    0.10935662 = product of:
      0.21871324 = sum of:
        0.21871324 = weight(_text_:500 in 3979) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.21871324 = score(doc=3979,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.67544067 = fieldWeight in 3979, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3979)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Pages

XXIII, 500 S

0.05467831 = product of:
  0.10935662 = sum of:
    0.10935662 = product of:
      0.21871324 = sum of:
        0.21871324 = weight(_text_:500 in 3505) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.21871324 = score(doc=3505,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.67544067 = fieldWeight in 3505, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3505)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Object

X.500

0.05083335 = product of:
  0.1016667 = sum of:
    0.1016667 = sum of:
      0.076549634 = weight(_text_:500 in 1387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.076549634 = score(doc=1387,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.23640423 = fieldWeight in 1387, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
            0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1387)
      0.02511706 = weight(_text_:22 in 1387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.02511706 = score(doc=1387,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.1354154 = fieldWeight in 1387, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1387)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

Es ist mittlerweile stiller geworden um die 3D-Welt. Doch Philip Rosedale, Gründer der Betreiberfirma Linden Lab aus San Francisco, ist überzeugt: «Wir sind immer noch am Anfang.» Er weiß um technische Probleme, weist aber darauf hin, dass die Entwicklung der virtuellen Umgebung sehr komplex sei. Noch im ersten Halbjahr 2008 werde man die Zahl der Abstürze deutlich senken und die Grafik-Software verbessern. Fachleute bestätigen, dass die Software zuverlässiger geworden ist. Mittlerweile sind 11,7 Millionen Menschen registriert, mehr als 500 000 davon melden sich nach Betreiberangaben pro Monat tatsächlich an und verbringen durchschnittlich 29 Stunden online. Damit ist «Second Life» nicht entvölkert, aber auch längst nicht so groß wie etwa die sozialen Netzwerke StudiVZ und Facebook mit Millionen aktiver Nutzer. Immerhin: Betreiber Linden Lab arbeitet nach eigenen Angaben mit seinen 250 Beschäftigten profitabel. Für viele ist die Plattform längst mehr als ein Spiel - Universitäten und Unternehmen, Künstler und Kreative haben sie entdeckt. Christoph Lattemann von der Universität Potsdam lädt beispielsweise ein zum Online-Seminar «E-Commerce in virtuellen Welten» - E-Learning an der Hochschule. Die Avatare der Studenten sitzen auf einer Treppe, während zwei Kommilitonen eine Präsentation halten. Danach wird diskutiert, dank Sprachfunktion der Software in Echtzeit. «Bei den Studenten kommt die Veranstaltung gut an», sagt der Dozent.

Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22

0.04374265 = product of:
  0.0874853 = sum of:
    0.0874853 = product of:
      0.1749706 = sum of:
        0.1749706 = weight(_text_:500 in 7230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.1749706 = score(doc=7230,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.5403525 = fieldWeight in 7230, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7230)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Describes Veronica, an Internet navigational tool developed at the University of Nevada in 1992, which indexes the menu items of hundreds of Gophers, allows users to search its indexes and provides access to services retrieved by such searches. Explains how to connect to Veronica, how gophers are included in a Veronica search, and the availability of the Veronica server software. Lists 4 publicly-accessible Veronica servers which index over 500 gopher servers

0.04374265 = product of:
  0.0874853 = sum of:
    0.0874853 = product of:
      0.1749706 = sum of:
        0.1749706 = weight(_text_:500 in 5636) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.1749706 = score(doc=5636,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.5403525 = fieldWeight in 5636, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5636)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Deja.com hat sein Archiv mit Diskussionsbeiträgen aus dem Usenet an die Suchmaschine Google verkauft. Die neue Bedienoberfläche (groups.google.com) prüft noch nicht die 500 Millionen Texte, die Deja seit 1995 gesammelt hat; sie werden schrittweise in die eigene, sechs Monate alte Datenbank integriert. Das Usenet lässt sich über das Web (netnews.web.de) oder besser spezielle Software nutzen, etwa (Free) Agent (www.forteinc.com)

0.0405953 = product of:
  0.0811906 = sum of:
    0.0811906 = product of:
      0.1623812 = sum of:
        0.1623812 = weight(_text_:22 in 6569) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.1623812 = score(doc=6569,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.8754574 = fieldWeight in 6569, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6569)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 2.1997 19:50:29

Source

Cogito. 1997, H.1, S.22-23

0.038663406 = product of:
  0.07732681 = sum of:
    0.07732681 = product of:
      0.15465362 = sum of:
        0.15465362 = weight(_text_:500 in 262) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.15465362 = score(doc=262,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.47760868 = fieldWeight in 262, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=262)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Classification

QP 500

RVK

QP 500

0.038274817 = product of:
  0.076549634 = sum of:
    0.076549634 = product of:
      0.15309927 = sum of:
        0.15309927 = weight(_text_:500 in 2232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.15309927 = score(doc=2232,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.47280845 = fieldWeight in 2232, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2232)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

An HTTP based resource discovery system called Discover has been built that provides a single point of access to over 500 WAIS servers. Discover provides 2 key services: query refinement and query routing. Query refinement helps a user improve a query fragment to describe the user's interests more precisely. Once a query has been refined and describes a manageable result set, query routing automatically forewards the query to the WAIS servers that contain relevant documents. Abbreviated descriptions of WAIS sites called content lables are used by the query routing provides an effective way to discover resources in a large universe of documents. Expansion of query fragments is essential in helping one use a large, dynamically changing, heterogenous distributed information system

0.038274817 = product of:
  0.076549634 = sum of:
    0.076549634 = product of:
      0.15309927 = sum of:
        0.15309927 = weight(_text_:500 in 211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.15309927 = score(doc=211,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.47280845 = fieldWeight in 211, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=211)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.035881516 = product of:
  0.07176303 = sum of:
    0.07176303 = product of:
      0.14352606 = sum of:
        0.14352606 = weight(_text_:22 in 3204) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.14352606 = score(doc=3204,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.77380234 = fieldWeight in 3204, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=3204)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

RRZK-Kompass. 1995, Nr.65, S.21-22

0.03552089 = product of:
  0.07104178 = sum of:
    0.07104178 = product of:
      0.14208356 = sum of:
        0.14208356 = weight(_text_:22 in 8727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.14208356 = score(doc=8727,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.76602525 = fieldWeight in 8727, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=8727)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

5. 8.2001 12:22:47

Source

Information outlook. 3(1999) no.2, S.18-22

0.03552089 = product of:
  0.07104178 = sum of:
    0.07104178 = product of:
      0.14208356 = sum of:
        0.14208356 = weight(_text_:22 in 7131) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.14208356 = score(doc=7131,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.76602525 = fieldWeight in 7131, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7131)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

18. 1.1997 12:15:22

Source

Kölner Stadtanzeiger. Nr.69 vom 22/23.3.1997, S.MZ7

0.03552089 = product of:
  0.07104178 = sum of:
    0.07104178 = product of:
      0.14208356 = sum of:
        0.14208356 = weight(_text_:22 in 44) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.14208356 = score(doc=44,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.76602525 = fieldWeight in 44, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=44)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

5. 9.1997 19:22:27

Source

Rundfunk und Geschichte. 22(1996) H.2/3, S.184-193

0.034090094 = sum of:
  0.028707866 = product of:
    0.08612359 = sum of:
      0.08612359 = weight(_text_:object's in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08612359 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.5246453 = queryWeight, product of:
            9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.16415584 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
            0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
    0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.0053822272 = product of:
    0.0107644545 = sum of:
      0.0107644545 = weight(_text_:22 in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0107644545 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.18548156 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.05296704 = queryNorm
          0.058035173 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
    0.5 = coord(1/2)

Footnote

Chapter 2 (Technology and People) focuses an several theories of technological acceptance and diffusion. Unfortunately, Bruce's presentation is somewhat confusing as he moves from one theory to next, never quite connecting them into a logical sequence or coherent whole. Two theories are of particular interest to Bruce: the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations is an "information-centric view of technology acceptance" in which technology adopters are placed in the information flows of society from which they learn about innovations and "drive innovation adoption decisions" (p. 20). The Theory of Planned Behavior maintains that the "performance of a behavior is a joint function of intentions and perceived behavioral control" (i.e., how muck control a person thinks they have) (pp. 22-23). Bruce combines these two theories to form the basis for the Technology Acceptance Model. This model posits that "an individual's acceptance of information technology is based an beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors" (p. 24). In all these theories and models echoes a recurring theme: "individual perceptions of the innovation or technology are critical" in terms of both its characteristics and its use (pp. 24-25). From these, in turn, Bruce derives a predictive theory of the role personal perceptions play in technology adoption: Personal Innovativeness of Information Technology Adoption (PIITA). Personal inventiveness is defined as "the willingness of an individual to try out any new information technology" (p. 26). In general, the PIITA theory predicts that information technology will be adopted by individuals that have a greater exposure to mass media, rely less an the evaluation of information technology by others, exhibit a greater ability to cope with uncertainty and take risks, and requires a less positive perception of an information technology prior to its adoption. Chapter 3 (A Focus an Usings) introduces the User-Centered Paradigm (UCP). The UCP is characteristic of the shift of emphasis from technology to users as the driving force behind technology and research agendas for Internet development [for a dissenting view, see Andrew Dillion's (2003) challenge to the utility of user-centerness for design guidance]. It entails the "broad acceptance of the user-oriented perspective across a range of disciplines and professional fields," such as business, education, cognitive engineering, and information science (p. 34).
The UCP's effect an business practices is focused mainly in the management and marketing areas. Marketing experienced a shift from "product-oriented operations" with its focus an "selling the products' features" and customer contact only at the point of sale toward more service-Centered business practice ("customer Jemand orientation") and the development of one-to-one customer relationships (pp. 35-36). For management, the adoption of the UCP caused a shift from "mechanistic, bureaucratic, top-down organizational structures" to "flatter, inclusive, and participative" ones (p. 37). In education, practice shifted from the teachercentered model where the "teacher is responsible for and makes all the decisions related to the learning environment" to a learnercentered model where the student is "responsible for his or her own learning" and the teacher focuses an "matching learning events to the individual skills, aptitudes, and interests of the individual learner" (pp. 38-39). Cognitive engineering saw the rise of "user-Centered design" and human factors that were concerned with applying "scientific knowledge of humans to the design of man-machine interface systems" (p. 44). The UCP had a great effect an Information Science in the "design of information systems" (p. 47). Previous to UCP's explicit proposed by Brenda Dervin and M. Nilan in 1986, systems design was dominated by the "physical of system oriented paradigm" (p. 48). The physical paradigm held a positivistic and materialistic view of technology and (passive) human interaction as exemplified by the 1953 Cranfield tests of information retrieval mechanisms. Instead, the UCP focuses an "users rather than systems" by making the perceptions of individual information users the "centerpiece consideration for information service and system design" (pp. 47-48). Bruce briefly touches an the various schools of thought within user-oriented paradigm, such as the cognitive/self studies approach with its emphasis is an an individual's knowledge structures or model of the world [e.g., Belkin (1990)], the cognitve/context studies approach that focuses an "context in explaining variations in information behavior" [e.g., Savolainen (1995) and Dervin's (1999) sensemaking], and the social constructionism/discourse analytic theory with its focus an that language, not mental/knowledge constructs, as the primary shaper of the world as a system of intersubjective meanings [e.g., Talja 1996], (pp. 53-54). Drawing from the rich tradition of user oriented research, Bruce attempts to gain a metatheoretical understanding of the Internet as a phenomena by combining Dervin's (1996) "micromoments of human usings" with the French philosopher Bruno Latour's (1999) "conception of Circulating reference" to form what 1 term the Metatheory of Circulating Usings (pp. ix, 56, 60). According to Bruce, Latour's concept is designed to bridge "the gap between mind and object" by engaging in a "succession of finely grained transformations that construct and transfer truth about the object" through a chain of "microtranslations" from "matter to form," thereby connecting mind and object (p. 56). The connection works as long as the chain remains unbroken. The nature of this chain of "information producing translations" are such that as one moves away from the object, one experiences a "reduction" of the object's "locality, particularity, materiality, multiplicity and continuity," while simultaneously gaining the "amplification" of its "compatibility, standardization, text, calculation, circulation, and relative universality" (p. 57).

0.032806985 = product of:
  0.06561397 = sum of:
    0.06561397 = product of:
      0.13122794 = sum of:
        0.13122794 = weight(_text_:500 in 6289) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.13122794 = score(doc=6289,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.40526438 = fieldWeight in 6289, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6289)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Fast alle Studien und Papiere zur Telekommunikation bezeichnen die neue Technik als entscheidend für die Entwicklung des wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Fortschritts auf der Welt. Durch den verstärkten Einsatz der Telekommunikation und hier insbesondere der Computernetze, so die Vertreter der wichtigsten Telekommunikationsfirmen des Nordens, ließe sich der Abstand zwischen dem reichen Norden und dem armen Süden verringern und die Armut überwinden. In Zusammenarbeit mit der Weltbank, der UNESCO, von USAID und vielen anderen internationalen Institutionen versuchen sie, die Entscheidungsträger der Dritten Welt davon zu überzeugen, daß eine Investition in die neuen Medien unumgänglich sei, um am Fortschritt und damit an einer Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen für alle teilzuhaben. Dabei ist das Eigeninteresse der internationalen Konsortien aus den Industrienationen offensichtlich, sind sie es doch, die führend an an der Implementierung von Telefon- und Datenleitungen in den Entwicklungsländern beteiligt sind. Ein jeder will sich in den nächsten 5 Jahren ein großes Stück vom geschätzten 500-Milliarden-Dollar-Kuchen im Kommunikationsbereich abzuschneiden

0.032806985 = product of:
  0.06561397 = sum of:
    0.06561397 = product of:
      0.13122794 = sum of:
        0.13122794 = weight(_text_:500 in 2571) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.13122794 = score(doc=2571,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.32380822 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.05296704 = queryNorm
            0.40526438 = fieldWeight in 2571, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.113391 = idf(docFreq=265, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2571)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

A common task in both Webmetrics and Web information retrieval is to identify a set of Web pages or sites that are similar in content. In this paper we assess the extent to which links, colinks and couplings can be used to identify similar Web sites. As an experiment, a random sample of 500 pairs of domains from the UK academic Web were taken and human assessments of site similarity, based upon content type, were compared against ratings for the three concepts. The results show that using a combination of all three gives the highest probability of identifying similar sites, but surprisingly this was only a marginal improvement over using links alone. Another unexpected result was that high values for either colink counts or couplings were associated with only a small increased likelihood of similarity. The principal advantage of using couplings and colinks was found to be greater coverage in terms of a much larger number of pairs of sites being connected by these measures, instead of increased probability of similarity. In information retrieval terminology, this is improved recall rather than improved precision.