Search (451 results, page 1 of 23)

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Abstract

Examines techniques that discover features in sets of pre-categorized documents, such that similar documents can be found on the WWW. Examines techniques which will classifiy training examples with high accuracy, then explains why this is not necessarily useful. Describes a method for extracting word clusters from the raw document features. Results show that the clustering technique is successful in discovering word groups in personal Web pages which can be used to find similar information on the WWW

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

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Abstract

Describes an innovative approach for groups to create and share commentary about the content of documents accessible via the WWW. The system supports the creation, presentation, and control of user created meta information, which is displayed with the corresponding documents but stored separately from them. Describes design considerations, the system architecture, usage scenarios, initial implementations, and future word

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

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Abstract

Ein mittelständischer Verlag kann sehr schwer vor allem retrospektiv auf XML umstellen, um seine Internetanwendungen zukunftsträchtig zu organisieren. Der Einsatz von Microsoft Word und der systematische Einsatz von Stylesheets war ein pragmatischer Ansatz, sieben Zeitschriften in nur drei Monaten via XML ins Internetportal zu bringen. Daneben musste ein Konzept für eine Adressdatenbank und Termindatenbank gefunden werden, deren Daten direkt online publiziert werden sollten. Zudem musste die Integration der Abonnentendatendaten zum Zugriffsschutz eingebaut werden, aber direkte Eingabe online von neuen Daten neben der offiziellen Datenbank gewährleistet sein. Webdesign und Webhosting rundeten das Full Service Konzept ab, eine vollständige Automatisierung aller Updateprozesse wurde angestrebt, um wirtschaftlich arbeiten zu können. Der Vortrag erklärt das Gesamtkonzept, vertieft die XML-Aufbereitung und konkretisiert die automatisierten Prozesse des Updates und die schnelle Durchführung des Projektes, ohne dass der Verlag über spezifisches Internet Know-how verfügen muss

Date

17. 5.2001 20:11:22

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Footnote

Chapter 2 (Technology and People) focuses an several theories of technological acceptance and diffusion. Unfortunately, Bruce's presentation is somewhat confusing as he moves from one theory to next, never quite connecting them into a logical sequence or coherent whole. Two theories are of particular interest to Bruce: the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations is an "information-centric view of technology acceptance" in which technology adopters are placed in the information flows of society from which they learn about innovations and "drive innovation adoption decisions" (p. 20). The Theory of Planned Behavior maintains that the "performance of a behavior is a joint function of intentions and perceived behavioral control" (i.e., how muck control a person thinks they have) (pp. 22-23). Bruce combines these two theories to form the basis for the Technology Acceptance Model. This model posits that "an individual's acceptance of information technology is based an beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors" (p. 24). In all these theories and models echoes a recurring theme: "individual perceptions of the innovation or technology are critical" in terms of both its characteristics and its use (pp. 24-25). From these, in turn, Bruce derives a predictive theory of the role personal perceptions play in technology adoption: Personal Innovativeness of Information Technology Adoption (PIITA). Personal inventiveness is defined as "the willingness of an individual to try out any new information technology" (p. 26). In general, the PIITA theory predicts that information technology will be adopted by individuals that have a greater exposure to mass media, rely less an the evaluation of information technology by others, exhibit a greater ability to cope with uncertainty and take risks, and requires a less positive perception of an information technology prior to its adoption. Chapter 3 (A Focus an Usings) introduces the User-Centered Paradigm (UCP). The UCP is characteristic of the shift of emphasis from technology to users as the driving force behind technology and research agendas for Internet development [for a dissenting view, see Andrew Dillion's (2003) challenge to the utility of user-centerness for design guidance]. It entails the "broad acceptance of the user-oriented perspective across a range of disciplines and professional fields," such as business, education, cognitive engineering, and information science (p. 34).
The UCP's effect an business practices is focused mainly in the management and marketing areas. Marketing experienced a shift from "product-oriented operations" with its focus an "selling the products' features" and customer contact only at the point of sale toward more service-Centered business practice ("customer Jemand orientation") and the development of one-to-one customer relationships (pp. 35-36). For management, the adoption of the UCP caused a shift from "mechanistic, bureaucratic, top-down organizational structures" to "flatter, inclusive, and participative" ones (p. 37). In education, practice shifted from the teachercentered model where the "teacher is responsible for and makes all the decisions related to the learning environment" to a learnercentered model where the student is "responsible for his or her own learning" and the teacher focuses an "matching learning events to the individual skills, aptitudes, and interests of the individual learner" (pp. 38-39). Cognitive engineering saw the rise of "user-Centered design" and human factors that were concerned with applying "scientific knowledge of humans to the design of man-machine interface systems" (p. 44). The UCP had a great effect an Information Science in the "design of information systems" (p. 47). Previous to UCP's explicit proposed by Brenda Dervin and M. Nilan in 1986, systems design was dominated by the "physical of system oriented paradigm" (p. 48). The physical paradigm held a positivistic and materialistic view of technology and (passive) human interaction as exemplified by the 1953 Cranfield tests of information retrieval mechanisms. Instead, the UCP focuses an "users rather than systems" by making the perceptions of individual information users the "centerpiece consideration for information service and system design" (pp. 47-48). Bruce briefly touches an the various schools of thought within user-oriented paradigm, such as the cognitive/self studies approach with its emphasis is an an individual's knowledge structures or model of the world [e.g., Belkin (1990)], the cognitve/context studies approach that focuses an "context in explaining variations in information behavior" [e.g., Savolainen (1995) and Dervin's (1999) sensemaking], and the social constructionism/discourse analytic theory with its focus an that language, not mental/knowledge constructs, as the primary shaper of the world as a system of intersubjective meanings [e.g., Talja 1996], (pp. 53-54). Drawing from the rich tradition of user oriented research, Bruce attempts to gain a metatheoretical understanding of the Internet as a phenomena by combining Dervin's (1996) "micromoments of human usings" with the French philosopher Bruno Latour's (1999) "conception of Circulating reference" to form what 1 term the Metatheory of Circulating Usings (pp. ix, 56, 60). According to Bruce, Latour's concept is designed to bridge "the gap between mind and object" by engaging in a "succession of finely grained transformations that construct and transfer truth about the object" through a chain of "microtranslations" from "matter to form," thereby connecting mind and object (p. 56). The connection works as long as the chain remains unbroken. The nature of this chain of "information producing translations" are such that as one moves away from the object, one experiences a "reduction" of the object's "locality, particularity, materiality, multiplicity and continuity," while simultaneously gaining the "amplification" of its "compatibility, standardization, text, calculation, circulation, and relative universality" (p. 57).
This book suffers from two major shortcomings: the failure to explain how the metatheory is actually used to analyze extant research data, and the failure to explicitly link the data presented to the conclusions drawn. The analytical function of Bruce's metatheory is clearly stated, but no explicit explanation or example is given to show how he actually accomplished this analysis. Granted, it is impractical given the volume of research data involved, to show how every bit of the data in Chapter 4 was derived. However, several examples of how the metatheory was applied would have been useful in understanding its actual function in the study at hand as well as its potential utility any future studies. More serious is the lack of explicit linkage between the data summary presented in Chapter 4 and the conclusions given in Chapter 5. Each chapter is presented as stand-alone entities containing no citations or internal referencing to connect the data with the conclusions. This leaves the readers with no ready means to evaluate the concluding construct of the user's view of the Internet in light of the data from which it was ostensibly derived. The readers must either go back and laboriously construct the connections themselves, or just take the author's word for it. Because the goal of the book is to create a convincing construct of the user's view of the Internet for others to understand, follow, apply, and improve upon in the "next generation of Internet development," the burden of proof is an the author, not the readers (pp. ix, 183). This oversight may not be so crucial if the author were presenting an exploratory essay designed primarily to stimulate thought and expand our perceptions. However, given that the book is intended as a scholarly work (otherwise why the tremendous effort in analyzing and summarizing vast quantities of research data in Chapter 4?), the lack of explicit linkage between the data and the conclusion is not only puzzling, but simply unacceptable. In summary then, the book is strong in its theoretical and metatheoretical development, presentation of the research data and scope of the literature review, and clarity of the concluding construct of the user's view of the Internet. If these items are of particular interest to the you, then this book may be worth your while. Otherwise, the failure of the book to provide an explanation of how the Metatheory of Circulating Usings is applied in analyzing extant research data, coupled with book's failure to link explicitly the data presented with the conclusions severely undermines this reviewer's confidence in the author's conclusions."

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Abstract

With the rapid rise in numbers of electronic documents on the Internet, how to effectively assign topics to documents become an important issue. Current research in this area focuses on the behaviour of nouns in documents. Proposes, however, that nouns and verbs together contribute to the process of topic identification. Constructs a mathematical model taking into account the following factors: word importance, word frequency, word co-occurence, and word distance. Preliminary experiments ahow that the performance of the proposed model is equivalent to that of a human being

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Content

- Beeindruckende Autorenliste - Die Autorenliste beeindruckt: Von Aesop, Goethe, Hesse bis hin zu Zola reicht die Palette der Autoren. Das Archiv kann mit 1500 Romanen, 1500 Märchen, 13 000 Gedichten und vielem mehr aufwarten. Der Umfang. des Archivs übersteigt mittlerweile mehr als 50 000 HTMLDateien mit 850 MegaByte an Text- und Bildmaterial. 4.5 Millionen abgerufene Dokumente werden pro Monat gezählt (Texte und Bilder). Praktischerweise bietet das Projekt Gutenberg.DE das gesamte Archiv auf einer CD-ROM an - gegen eine Gebühr von knapp 26 Euro. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die digitalen Bücher auch offline genießen - ohne Internet. EBooks gibt es in vielfältigen Datei-Formaten. Die eBooks des Gutenberg Projekts bestehen beispielsweise aus HTML-Dateien und können deshalb mit jedem Web-Browser gelesen werden. Andere Webseiten stellen ihre eBooks als simple Textdateien oder Word-Dokumente, wie man sie im Office-Bereich verwendet, zur Verfügung. Viele eBooks sind für spezielle eBook-Programme (eBook-Reader) aufbereitet. eBookReader machen das Lesen der eBooks komfortabler und erlauben eine aufwändigere Gestaltung der Buchseiten. Mit einer eBook-ReaderSoftware lassen sich im eBook Lesezeichen anlegen, Bilder betrachtenund bequem per Tastendruck hin- und herblättern. Manche Software, wie zum Beispiel der Microsoft Reader, kann sogar die Texte vorlesen. So wird aus dem eBook ein Hörbuch. Für Sehbehinderte eröffnet sich damit eine neue literarische Welt. Die Software kann unter www.microsoft.com/reader/default.asp- aus dem Netz herunter geladen werden. Weit verbreitet ist auch der Adobe Acrobat Reader für die populären PDF-Dokumente. Ihn gibt es unter www adobe.com/products/acrobat/ readstep2.html. Speziell für Palms, Handhelds und PDAs wurde der Mobipocket Reader entwi- ckelt. Diese Lese-Software ist unter www.mobipocket.com erhältlich. Mit einem behindertengerechten Computer (beispielsweise spezieller Monitor, Braille-Zeile und passende Software) können Sehbehinderte aus dem täglich wachsenden Fundus der eBooks schöpfen. Wer seine Fremdsprachenkenntnisse aufpolieren will, hat mit zwei, drei Mausklicks massenweise fremdsprachige Literatur am Bildschirm. Egal ob Hamlet in der Originalfassung oder ein Bestseller wie Balance of Power" von Richard North Patterson - die fremdsprachigen eBooks sind nur einen Mausklick entfernt. Besonders im englischsprachigen Bereich haben eBooks Hochkonjunktur - dementsprechend groß ist die Auswahl. Erste Adresse für kostenlose, englischsprachige eBooks ist die englische Version des Gutenberg Projekts (http://promo.net/pg). Auch die Webseite www.blackmask.corn bietet aus allen Bereichen reichlich Lesestoff. in elektronischer Form.

Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22

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Date

22. 2.1997 19:50:29

Source

Cogito. 1997, H.1, S.22-23

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Abstract

Das Web hat's vorgemacht: Informationsangebote der unterschiedlichsten Server lassen sich von überall mit einem ganz normalen Browser bedienen. Doch schon beim Versuch, Webseiten-Auszüge, etwa Tabellen, auch als solche in Word zu übernehmen, ist Handarbeit angesagt. Erst die Extensible Markup Language (XML) verspricht die Gräben zwischen verschiedenen Dateiformaten zuzuschütten

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Source

RRZK-Kompass. 1995, Nr.65, S.21-22

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Date

5. 8.2001 12:22:47

Source

Information outlook. 3(1999) no.2, S.18-22

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Date

18. 1.1997 12:15:22

Source

Kölner Stadtanzeiger. Nr.69 vom 22/23.3.1997, S.MZ7

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Date

5. 9.1997 19:22:27

Source

Rundfunk und Geschichte. 22(1996) H.2/3, S.184-193

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Abstract

In this paper we report research results investigating microblogging as a form of electronic word-of-mouth for sharing consumer opinions concerning brands. We analyzed more than 150,000 microblog postings containing branding comments, sentiments, and opinions. We investigated the overall structure of these microblog postings, the types of expressions, and the movement in positive or negative sentiment. We compared automated methods of classifying sentiment in these microblogs with manual coding. Using a case study approach, we analyzed the range, frequency, timing, and content of tweets in a corporate account. Our research findings show that 19% of microblogs contain mention of a brand. Of the branding microblogs, nearly 20% contained some expression of brand sentiments. Of these, more than 50% were positive and 33% were critical of the company or product. Our comparison of automated and manual coding showed no significant differences between the two approaches. In analyzing microblogs for structure and composition, the linguistic structure of tweets approximate the linguistic patterns of natural language expressions. We find that microblogging is an online tool for customer word of mouth communications and discuss the implications for corporations using microblogging as part of their overall marketing strategy.

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Abstract

This is a revised version of the earlier article by Ellis and Vasconcelos (1999) (see Not Relevant, below), though that is not indicated, and much of it is identical, word for word. There is a new section covering the work of Elizabeth Duncan, which is useful and informative, but the reader is better advised to go to the originals if available.

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Abstract

A survey of Japanese OPACs available on the Internet was conducted relating to use of keywords for subject access. The findings suggest that present OPACs are not capable of storing subject-oriented information. Currently available keyword access derives from a merely title-based retrieval system. Contents data should be added to bibliographic records as an efficient way of providing subject access, and costings for this process should be estimated. Word standardisation issues must also be addressed

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Date

22. 4.1996 20:07:57

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Source

Audiovisual librarian. 22(1996) no.2, S.108-110

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Date

23. 8.1996 12:51:22

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Date

17. 7.1996 9:33:22

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Date

21. 9.1996 16:03:22