Search (33 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

State of the art reviews coveruing a range of topics relating to small business information work, including: the relationship between small businesses and information sources and providers available to them; the use of information by small businesses; the state of the information technology adoption process by small businesses; and changes in small business information use. Concludes with a discussion about future research in the field and includes hypotheses about the impact of information access and technology on small businesses. Pays particular attention to the likely changes that are likely to take place in the small business environment, involving: telecommuting; and the electronic delivery of customized, timely environmental scanning information that will permit small businesses to function like big businesses. Decries the absence of effective links between small businesses and the information brokering world but sees small businesses taking advantage of some of the new lower cost online services that are being offered through the Internet

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Abstract

Points out that expert systems have great potential to enhance access to information retrieval systems as they use expertise to carry out tasks such as diagnosis and planning and make expertise available to nonexperts. Potential end users of online information retrieval systems are frequently deterred by the complexity of theses systems. Expert systems can mediate between the searcher and the information retrieval system and might be the key both to increasing and end user searching and to improving the quality of searches overall

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Abstract

State of the art review of UK reference and information services during the period 1986-1990 covering the following topics: national aspects of reference and information work; regional and local issues in reference and information work; cooperation and reference services; resources management, staffing and new developments; catalogues; information for business and industry; resource collection in reference libraries (government publications, statistics, law, patents and standards); and information technology

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Abstract

This review describes experimental designs (users, search tasks, measures, etc.) used by 31 controlled user studies of information visualization (IV) tools for textual information retrieval (IR) and a meta-analysis of the reported statistical effects. Comparable experimental designs allow research designers to compare their results with other reports, and support the development of experimentally verified design guidelines concerning which IV techniques are better suited to which types of IR tasks. The studies generally use a within-subject design with 15 or more undergraduate students performing browsing to known-item tasks on sets of at least 1,000 full-text articles or Web pages on topics of general interest/news. Results of the meta-analysis (N = 8) showed no significant effects of the IV tool as compared with a text-only equivalent, but the set shows great variability suggesting an inadequate basis of comparison. Experimental design recommendations are provided which would support comparison of existing IV tools for IR usability testing.

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Abstract

Ordnungssysteme, vor allem in Form von Aktenplänen und business classifications schemes, gelten weiterhin als ein Kernelement von elektronischen Records Management Systemen. Die Rezeption und Nutzung von in den Informations- und Bibliothekswissenschaften entwickelten normativen Vorgaben und/oder Forschungsergebnissen zu Ordnungssystemen ist in der Records Management Community hingegen noch eher selten und zufällig. Aufgrund der Auswertung aktueller Fachliteratur zum Thema Records Management / Schriftgutverwaltung sowie der Erfahrungen der Autorin in zwei Lehrveranstaltungen, die die Eignung informationswissenschaftlicher Ansätze der Wissensorganisation auf Probleme der Schriftgutverwaltung überprüft haben, lässt sich eine Reihe von konkreten Empfehlungen für die Integration wissensorganisatorischer Expertise bei der Entwicklung von Records Management Systemen auf organisatorischer und inhaltlicher Ebene ableiten.

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Abstract

Webometrics, the quantitative study of Web-related phenomena, emerged from the realization that methods originally designed for bibliometric analysis of scientific journal article citation patterns could be applied to the Web, with commercial search engines providing the raw data. Almind and Ingwersen (1997) defined the field and gave it its name. Other pioneers included Rodriguez Gairin (1997) and Aguillo (1998). Larson (1996) undertook exploratory link structure analysis, as did Rousseau (1997). Webometrics encompasses research from fields beyond information science such as communication studies, statistical physics, and computer science. In this review we concentrate on link analysis, but also cover other aspects of webometrics, including Web log fle analysis. One theme that runs through this chapter is the messiness of Web data and the need for data cleansing heuristics. The uncontrolled Web creates numerous problems in the interpretation of results, for instance, from the automatic creation or replication of links. The loose connection between top-level domain specifications (e.g., com, edu, and org) and their actual content is also a frustrating problem. For example, many .com sites contain noncommercial content, although com is ostensibly the main commercial top-level domain. Indeed, a skeptical researcher could claim that obstacles of this kind are so great that all Web analyses lack value. As will be seen, one response to this view, a view shared by critics of evaluative bibliometrics, is to demonstrate that Web data correlate significantly with some non-Web data in order to prove that the Web data are not wholly random. A practical response has been to develop increasingly sophisticated data cleansing techniques and multiple data analysis methods.

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Abstract

With more than two billion pages created by millions of Web page authors and organizations, the World Wide Web is a tremendously rich knowledge base. The knowledge comes not only from the content of the pages themselves, but also from the unique characteristics of the Web, such as its hyperlink structure and its diversity of content and languages. Analysis of these characteristics often reveals interesting patterns and new knowledge. Such knowledge can be used to improve users' efficiency and effectiveness in searching for information an the Web, and also for applications unrelated to the Web, such as support for decision making or business management. The Web's size and its unstructured and dynamic content, as well as its multilingual nature, make the extraction of useful knowledge a challenging research problem. Furthermore, the Web generates a large amount of data in other formats that contain valuable information. For example, Web server logs' information about user access patterns can be used for information personalization or improving Web page design.

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Abstract

We know this Web world. We live in it, particularly those of us in developed countries. Even if we do not go online daily, we live with itour culture is imprinted with online activity and vocabulary: e-mailing colleagues, surfing the Web, posting Web pages, blogging, gender-bending in cyberspace, texting and instant messaging friends, engaging in ecommerce, entering an online chat room, or morphing in an online world. We use it-to conduct business, find information, talk with friends and colleagues. We know it is something separate, yet we incorporate it into our daily lives. We identify with it, bringing to it behaviors and expectations we hold for the world in general. We approach it as explorers and entrepreneurs, ready to move into unknown opportunities and territory; creators and engineers, eager to build new structures; utopians for whom "the world of the Web" represents the chance to start again and "get it right" this time; utilitarians, ready to get what we can out of the new structures; and dystopians, for whom this is just more evidence that there is no way to "get it right." The word "world" has many connotations. The Oxford English Dictionary (http://dictionary.oed.com) gives 27 definitions for the noun "world" including: - The sphere within which one's interests are bound up or one's activities find scope; (one's) sphere of action or thought; the "realm" within which one moves or lives. - A group or system of things or beings associated by common characteristics (denoted by a qualifying word or phrase), or considered as constituting a unity. - Human society considered in relation to its activities, difficulties, temptations, and the like; hence, contextually, the ways, practices, or customs of the people among whom one lives; the occupations and interests of society at large.

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Abstract

Purpose Belkin and Robertson (1976a) reflected on the ethical implications of theoretical research in information science and warned that there was potential for abuse of knowledge gained by undertaking such research and applying it to information systems. In particular, they identified the domains of advertising and political propaganda that posed particular problems. The purpose of this literature review is to revisit these ideas in the light of recent events in global information systems that demonstrate that their fears were justified. Design/methodology/approach The authors revisit the theory in information science that Belkin and Robertson used to build their argument, together with the discussion on ethics that resulted from this work in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The authors then review recent literature in the field of information systems, specifically information retrieval, social media and recommendation systems that highlight the problems identified by Belkin and Robertson. Findings Information science theories have been used in conjunction with empirical evidence gathered from user interactions that have been detrimental to both individuals and society. It is argued in the paper that the information science and systems communities should find ways to return control to the user wherever possible, and the ways to achieve this are considered. Research limitations/implications The ethical issues identified require a multidisciplinary approach with research in information science, computer science, information systems, business, sociology, psychology, journalism, government and politics, etc. required. This is too large a scope to deal with in a literature review, and we focus only on the design and implementation of information systems (Zimmer, 2008a) through an information science and information systems perspective. Practical implications The authors argue that information systems such as search technologies, social media applications and recommendation systems should be designed with the recipient of the information in mind (Paisley and Parker, 1965), not the sender of that information. Social implications Information systems designed ethically and with users in mind will go some way to addressing the ill effects typified by the problems for individuals and society evident in global information systems. Originality/value The authors synthesize the evidence from the literature to provide potential technological solutions to the ethical issues identified, with a set of recommendations to information systems designers and implementers.

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Date

22. 1.2012 13:01:26

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Date

13. 7.2008 9:30:22

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13. 7.2008 19:22:28

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Date

13. 7.2008 19:53:22

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Date

17.10.1996 14:22:33

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Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.109-145

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Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.41-77

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Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108

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Date

27.12.2014 18:54:22

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Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.81-

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Cataloging and classification quarterly. 14(1992) nos.3/4, S.5-22