-
Cao, L.; Leong, M.-K.; Low, H.-B.: Searching heterogeneous multilingual bibliographic sources (1998)
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- Abstract
- Propopses a Web-based architecture for searching distributed heterogeneous multi-asian language bibliographic sources, and describes a successful pilot implementation of the system at the Chinese Library (CLib) system developed in Singapore and tested at 2 university libraries and a public library
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
-
Powell, J.; Fox, E.A.: Multilingual federated searching across heterogeneous collections (1998)
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- Abstract
- This article describes a scalable system for searching heterogeneous multilingual collections on the World Wide Web. It details a markup language for describing the characteristics of a search engine and its interface, and a protocol for requesting word translations between languages.
-
Li, K.W.; Yang, C.C.: Conceptual analysis of parallel corpus collected from the Web (2006)
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- Abstract
- As illustrated by the World Wide Web, the volume of information in languages other than English has grown significantly in recent years. This highlights the importance of multilingual corpora. Much effort has been devoted to the compilation of multilingual corpora for the purpose of cross-lingual information retrieval and machine translation. Existing parallel corpora mostly involve European languages, such as English-French and English-Spanish. There is still a lack of parallel corpora between European languages and Asian. languages. In the authors' previous work, an alignment method to identify one-to-one Chinese and English title pairs was developed to construct an English-Chinese parallel corpus that works automatically from the World Wide Web, and a 100% precision and 87% recall were obtained. Careful analysis of these results has helped the authors to understand how the alignment method can be improved. A conceptual analysis was conducted, which includes the analysis of conceptual equivalent and conceptual information alternation in the aligned and nonaligned English-Chinese title pairs that are obtained by the alignment method. The result of the analysis not only reflects the characteristics of parallel corpora, but also gives insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the alignment method. In particular, conceptual alternation, such as omission and addition, is found to have a significant impact on the performance of the alignment method.
-
Yang, C.C.; Lam, W.: Introduction to the special topic section on multilingual information systems (2006)
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- Abstract
- The information available in languages other than English on the World Wide Web and global information systems is increasing significantly. According to some recent reports. the growth of non-English speaking Internet users is significantly higher than the growth of English-speaking Internet users. Asia and Europe have become the two most-populated regions of Internet users. However, there are many different languages in the many different countries of Asia and Europe. And there are many countries in the world using more than one language as their official languages. For example, Chinese and English are official languages in Hong Kong SAR; English and French are official languages in Canada. In the global economy, information systems are no longer utilized by users in a single geographical region but all over the world. Information can be generated, stored, processed, and accessed in several different languages. All of this reveals the importance of research in multilingual information systems.
-
Fulford, H.: Monolingual or multilingual web sites? : An exploratory study of UK SMEs (2000)
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- Abstract
- The strategic importance of the internet as a tool for penetrating global markets is increasingly being realized by UK-based SMEs (Small- Medium-sized Enterprises). This may be evidenced by the proliferation over the past few years of SME web sites promoting products and services, and more recently still by the growing number of SMEs offering facilities on their web sites for conducting business transactions online. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study considering the use being made of the world wide web by UK-based SMEs. The study is focussed on the strategies SMEs are employing to communicate via the web with an international client base. We investigate in particular the languages being used to present web content, considering specifically the extent to which English is being employed. Preliminary results obtained to date suggest that there is heavy reliance on the assumption that the language of the web is English. Based on the findings of our study, we discuss some of the performance and competition issues surrounding the use of foreign languages in business, and consider some of the possible barriers to SMEs creating multilingual web sites. We conclude by making some recommendations for SMEs endeavouring to establish a multilingual online presence, and note the strategic role to be played by web designers, IT consultants, business strategists, professional translators, and localization specialists to help achieve this presence effectively and professionally
-
Schmitz-Esser, W.: Modélisation, au moyen d'un thésaurus encyclopédique et plurilingue, des connaissances présentées au cours de l'Exposition Mondialede l'an 2000 (1999)
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- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Modelling, by means of a encyclopedic multilingual thesaurus, of knowledge presented at the World Exhibition of the year 2000
- Source
- Organisation des connaissances en vue de leur intégration dans les systèmes de représentation et de recherche d'information. Ed.: J. Maniez, et al
-
Talvensaari, T.; Juhola, M.; Laurikkala, J.; Järvelin, K.: Corpus-based cross-language information retrieval in retrieval of highly relevant documents (2007)
0.04
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- Abstract
- Information retrieval systems' ability to retrieve highly relevant documents has become more and more important in the age of extremely large collections, such as the World Wide Web (WWW). The authors' aim was to find out how corpus-based cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) manages in retrieving highly relevant documents. They created a Finnish-Swedish comparable corpus from two loosely related document collections and used it as a source of knowledge for query translation. Finnish test queries were translated into Swedish and run against a Swedish test collection. Graded relevance assessments were used in evaluating the results and three relevance criterion levels-liberal, regular, and stringent-were applied. The runs were also evaluated with generalized recall and precision, which weight the retrieved documents according to their relevance level. The performance of the Comparable Corpus Translation system (COCOT) was compared to that of a dictionarybased query translation program; the two translation methods were also combined. The results indicate that corpus-based CUR performs particularly well with highly relevant documents. In average precision, COCOT even matched the monolingual baseline on the highest relevance level. The performance of the different query translation methods was further analyzed by finding out reasons for poor rankings of highly relevant documents.
-
Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2012)
0.03
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- Abstract
- This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
- Source
- Beyond libraries - subject metadata in the digital environment and semantic web. IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn
-
Peters, C.; Picchi, E.: Across languages, across cultures : issues in multilinguality and digital libraries (1997)
0.03
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- Abstract
- With the recent rapid diffusion over the international computer networks of world-wide distributed document bases, the question of multilingual access and multilingual information retrieval is becoming increasingly relevant. We briefly discuss just some of the issues that must be addressed in order to implement a multilingual interface for a Digital Library system and describe our own approach to this problem.
-
Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2014)
0.03
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- Abstract
- This article reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The article discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and/or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the Dewey Decimal Classification [DDC] (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
- Footnote
- Contribution in a special issue "Beyond libraries: Subject metadata in the digital environment and Semantic Web" - Enthält Beiträge der gleichnamigen IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn.
-
Gee, Q.: Review of script displays of African languages by current software (2005)
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- Abstract
- All recorded African languages that have a writing system have orthographies which use the Roman or Arabic scripts, with a few exceptions. While Unicode successfully handles the encoding of both these scripts, current software, in particular Web browsers, take little account of users wishing to operate in a minority script. Their use for displaying African languages has been limited by the availability of facilities and the desire to communicate with the 'world' through major languages such as English and French. There is a need for more use of the indigenous languages to strengthen their language communities and the use of the local scripts in enhancing the learning, teaching, and general use of their own languages by their speaking communities.
- Content
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Minority languages, multimedia and the Web"
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Maurice, N.: Terminologie et information multilingue : aperçu des problèmes posés et recherche de solutions (1997)
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-
Sprachtechnologie für die multilinguale Kommunikation : Textproduktion, Recherche, Übersetzung, Lokalisierung. Beiträge der GLDV-Frühjahrstagung 2003 (2003)
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-
Pfäffli, W.: ¬La qualité des résultats de recherche dans le cadre du projet MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) : vers un élargissement des ensembles de résultats de recherche (2009)
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- Abstract
- Cette étude aborde la problématique de la qualité des résultats de recherche obtenus par l'intermédiaire de liens établis dans le cadre du projet MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) en considérant plus particulièrement la perspective de l'usager. Elle cherche à démontrer que ces liens, dans leur définition actuelle, ne sont à eux seuls pas en mesure de garantir des résultats satisfaisants pour un usager et qu'ils doivent être complétés par d'autres mesures. Elle se compose de trois parties principales : - la première partie présente le contexte général : après un bref historique, les principes de base du projet MACS et les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'évaluation de résultats de recherche sont expliqués. La question des différentes perspectives de l'indexeur et de l'usager est plus particulièrement développée. - la seconde partie présente les tests sur les titres communs à plusieurs bibliothèques qui ont été effectués et énumère les différents facteurs qui affaiblissent la qualité des résultats et empêchent notamment l'usager de retrouver des titres pertinents. - la troisième partie contient quelques pistes susceptibles de remédier aux biais relevés dans la deuxième partie et s'interroge sur les caractéristiques d'une interface de recherche, qui permettraient d'améliorer une recherche thématique multilingue.
Conclusion Le tout premier point de départ de cette étude était le principe de validation des liens par la cohérence des résultats. Nous avons vu que ce principe jour un rôle très important dans la problématique générale de l'interopérabilité entre systèmes documentaires, bien qu'il ne soit pas sans soulever de nombreuses questions pratiques lors de sa mise en oeuvre concrète, questions auxquelles aucune étude n'a pour le moment offert de réponse détaillée qui puisse servir à élaborer un début de méthodologie. Mais nous avons surtout vu lors de l'étude d'exemples concrets que nous nous mouvons dans un contexte influencé par de nombreux facteurs, en grande partie, peu ou difficilement prévisibles : vouloir obtenir deux ensembles de titres pertinents clairement définis, en devant tenir compte du contexte culturel des fonds qui sont comparés, des différences de structure des langages documentaires, des politiques d'indexation, de la subjectivité des indexeurs et enfin des paramètres des moteurs de recherche, relève de la gageure !
L'examen des titres communs nous a montré qu'en tous les cas, une partie des titres pertinents échapperaient à une requête effectuée par l'intermédiaire du lien. Il nous semble donc plus important que les efforts se concentrent sur les moyens d'effectivement donner un accès à des documents potentiellement pertinents plutôt que de définir plus précisément la qualité des liens au vu des résultats. Une première voie est le recours aux relations hiérarchiques des langages documentaires, mais nous avons vu qu'elles ne sont pas en mesure d'apporter une solution dans tous les cas. Le recours à une classification, à une ontologie ou à des techniques de traitement automatique du langage sont d'autres voies à explorer, qui peuvent éviter de devoir multiplier les liens, et par là compliquer encore leur gestion. En chemin, nous avons rencontré , mais sans pouvoir les aborder, encore bien d'autres questions, qui sont toutes autant de défis supplémentaires à relever, comme le problème de l'accès aux titres non indexés ou le problème de l'évolution des langages documentaires et donc de la mise à jour des liens. Nous avons aussi laissé de côté les questions techniques de l'accès de l'interface aux différents catalogues et des possibilités de présentations des résultats de recherche proprement dits (par bibliothèque interrogée ou réunis en un ensemble, ranking). Il reste ainsi assez à faire jusqu'au jour où un usager pourra entrer un terme de recherche dans une interface conviviale, qui lui ouvrira un accès thématique simple mais complet aux ressources des bibliothèques d'Europe, puis du monde !
-
Gey, F.C.; Kando, N.; Peters, C.: Cross-Language Information Retrieval : the way ahead (2005)
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- Abstract
- This introductory paper covers not only the research content of the articles in this special issue of IP&M but attempts to characterize the state-of-the-art in the Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) domain. We present our view of some major directions for CLIR research in the future. In particular, we find that insufficient attention has been given to the Web as a resource for multilingual research, and to languages which are spoken by hundreds of millions of people in the world but have been mainly neglected by the CLIR research community. In addition, we find that most CLIR evaluation has focussed narrowly on the news genre to the exclusion of other important genres such as scientific and technical literature. The paper concludes by describing an ambitious 5-year research plan proposed by James Mayfield and Paul McNamee.
-
Dachelet, R.: ¬Les thésauri multilingues : interopérabilité linguistique et interopérabilité sémantique (1999)
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- Source
- Organisation des connaissances en vue de leur intégration dans les systèmes de représentation et de recherche d'information. Ed.: J. Maniez, et al
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Stiller, J.; Gäde, M.; Petras, V.: Multilingual access to digital libraries : the Europeana use case (2013)
0.02
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- Abstract
- Der Artikel fasst Komponenten für einen mehrsprachigen Zugang in digitalen Bibliotheken zusammen. Dabei wird der Fokus auf Bibliotheken für das digitale Kulturerbe gelegt. Eine Analyse aktueller (existierender) Informationssysteme im sogenannten GLAM-Bereich (Galerien, Bibliotheken, Archive, Museen) beschreibt angewandte Lösungen für die Recherche (Suchen und Blättern) von und die Interaktion mit mehrsprachigen Inhalten. Europeana, die europäische digitale Bibliothek für Kulturerbe, wird als Fallbeispiel hervorgehoben und es werden beispielhaft Interaktionsszenarios für die mehrsprachige Recherche vorgestellt. Die Herausforderungen in der Implementierung von Komponenten für den mehrsprachigen Informationszugang sowie Empfehlungen für den verbesserten Einsatz werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
-
Peters, C.; Braschler, M.; Clough, P.: Multilingual information retrieval : from research to practice (2012)
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- Abstract
- We are living in a multilingual world and the diversity in languages which are used to interact with information access systems has generated a wide variety of challenges to be addressed by computer and information scientists. The growing amount of non-English information accessible globally and the increased worldwide exposure of enterprises also necessitates the adaptation of Information Retrieval (IR) methods to new, multilingual settings.Peters, Braschler and Clough present a comprehensive description of the technologies involved in designing and developing systems for Multilingual Information Retrieval (MLIR). They provide readers with broad coverage of the various issues involved in creating systems to make accessible digitally stored materials regardless of the language(s) they are written in. Details on Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) are also covered that help readers to understand how to develop retrieval systems that cross language boundaries. Their work is divided into six chapters and accompanies the reader step-by-step through the various stages involved in building, using and evaluating MLIR systems. The book concludes with some examples of recent applications that utilise MLIR technologies. Some of the techniques described have recently started to appear in commercial search systems, while others have the potential to be part of future incarnations.The book is intended for graduate students, scholars, and practitioners with a basic understanding of classical text retrieval methods. It offers guidelines and information on all aspects that need to be taken into consideration when building MLIR systems, while avoiding too many 'hands-on details' that could rapidly become obsolete. Thus it bridges the gap between the material covered by most of the classical IR textbooks and the novel requirements related to the acquisition and dissemination of information in whatever language it is stored.
-
Larkey, L.S.; Connell, M.E.: Structured queries, language modelling, and relevance modelling in cross-language information retrieval (2005)
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- Abstract
- Two probabilistic approaches to cross-lingual retrieval are in wide use today, those based on probabilistic models of relevance, as exemplified by INQUERY, and those based on language modeling. INQUERY, as a query net model, allows the easy incorporation of query operators, including a synonym operator, which has proven to be extremely useful in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), in an approach often called structured query translation. In contrast, language models incorporate translation probabilities into a unified framework. We compare the two approaches on Arabic and Spanish data sets, using two kinds of bilingual dictionaries--one derived from a conventional dictionary, and one derived from a parallel corpus. We find that structured query processing gives slightly better results when queries are not expanded. On the other hand, when queries are expanded, language modeling gives better results, but only when using a probabilistic dictionary derived from a parallel corpus. We pursue two additional issues inherent in the comparison of structured query processing with language modeling. The first concerns query expansion, and the second is the role of translation probabilities. We compare conventional expansion techniques (pseudo-relevance feedback) with relevance modeling, a new IR approach which fits into the formal framework of language modeling. We find that relevance modeling and pseudo-relevance feedback achieve comparable levels of retrieval and that good translation probabilities confer a small but significant advantage.
- Date
- 26.12.2007 20:22:11
-
Bian, G.-W.; Chen, H.-H.: Cross-language information access to multilingual collections on the Internet (2000)
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- Abstract
- Language barrier is the major problem that people face in searching for, retrieving, and understanding multilingual collections on the Internet. This paper deals with query translation and document translation in a Chinese-English information retrieval system called MTIR. Bilingual dictionary and monolingual corpus-based approaches are adopted to select suitable tranlated query terms. A machine transliteration algorithm is introduced to resolve proper name searching. We consider several design issues for document translation, including which material is translated, what roles the HTML tags play in translation, what the tradeoff is between the speed performance and the translation performance, and what from the translated result is presented in. About 100.000 Web pages translated in the last 4 months of 1997 are used for quantitative study of online and real-time Web page translation
- Date
- 16. 2.2000 14:22:39
