-
Web 2.0-Pionier ortet kollektive Intelligenz im Internet : Technologieschübe kommen über mobile Endgeräte und Spracherkennung (2007)
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- Content
- "Die Vision von der künstlichen Intelligenz wird Wirklichkeit, sagt Computerbuchverleger und Web 2.0-Pionier Tim O'Reilly. Das Leben mit dem Internet sei viel weiter als manche ahnungslose Nutzer meinten. Und es gebe keinen Weg zurück. O'Reilly ist sich allerdings nicht sicher, ob der nächste große Technologie-Schub mit dem WorldWideWeb verbunden ist. " Wenn wir über unseren Umgang mit Computern reden, verbinden wir das immer noch damit, vor einem Bildschirm zu sitzen und auf einer Tastatur zu tippen. Aber Computer werden immer mehr in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Die offensichtliche Veränderung ist zunächst - was ja viele Menschen auch schon beschrieben haben-, dass auch mobile Endgeräte oder Mobiltelefone als Plattform dienen. Damit ist auch verbunden, dass Spracherkennung immer besser wird. Oder dass Fotoapparate mittlerweile mit GPS ausgestattet sind. Wenn Sie damit ein Foto machen, ist der Ort automatisch Teil des Fotos und damit Teil der Information, die Sie zum Beispiel auf eine Web-2.0-Anwendung wie flickr stellen. Und plötzlich lernt das globale Gehirn etwas, was Sie gar nicht beabsichtigt haben", betont O'Reilly. Microsoft habe eine Software vorgestellt, die Photosynth heißt. Mit ihr könnten aus aneinander gereihten Digitalfotos 3-D Modelle entworfen werden. Man müsse die Fotos nur mit "Tags" versehen, also markieren, und jemand anderes nutzt das und führt alles zu einem 3-D Modell zusammen. "Wir bewegen uns also in Richtung künstlicher Intelligenz. Allerdings ist immer noch ein Mensch dahinter, der dem Programm sagt, was es tun soll. Aber das Beispiel zeigt, was mit der Nutzung kollektiver Intelligenz gemeint ist. Wir geben immer mehr Daten in das globale Netzwerk ein, und Menschen schreiben Programme, die neue Verbindungen erstellen. Es ist, als würden die Synapsen des kollektiven Gehirns wachsen. Ich glaube, wir dürfen Überraschungen erwarten", meint O'Reilly.
Die fehlenden Bausteine dafür seien jetzt schon verfügbar, so dass es nur eine Frage der Zeit seit, bis sich die Menschen weltweit an dieses neue Interface gewöhnt haben. "Die Spracherkennung im personalisierten Diktiermodus ist schon sehr weit gereift, die mobilen Datenzugriffe werden immer schneller und auch Flat-rates im Mobilfunk werden vermutlich bald genauso verbreitet sein wie im DSL-Geschäft", sagt Pape. Spannender werde es noch, wenn man in der nächsten Generation des Internets, dem SemanticWeb, auf eine gesprochene Frage nicht eine Flut von Weblinks angezeigt bekommt, sondern das Sprachdialogsystem gleich die richtige Antwort gibt. "Viele Informationen liegen bereits strukturiert vor wie Fahrplaninformationen, Telefonnummern, Sportergebnisse oder bewertete Restaurants und sonstige Adressen. Was fehlt, ist eine Art Yahoo des 'Voicewebs', über das sich jeder personalisiert seine gewünschten Angebote zusammenstellen und über Sprache oder Multimodale Interfaces abfragen kann.""
- Date
- 29. 1.1997 18:49:05
- Source
- Wechselwirkung. 29(2007) Nr.141, S.11-12
- Type
- a
-
Waltinger, U.; Mehler, A.; Lösch, M.; Horstmann, W.: Hierarchical classification of OAI metadata using the DDC taxonomy (2011)
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- Abstract
- In the area of digital library services, the access to subject-specific metadata of scholarly publications is of utmost interest. One of the most prevalent approaches for metadata exchange is the XML-based Open Archive Initiative (OAI) Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). However, due to its loose requirements regarding metadata content there is no strict standard for consistent subject indexing specified, which is furthermore needed in the digital library domain. This contribution addresses the problem of automatic enhancement of OAI metadata by means of the most widely used universal classification schemes in libraries-the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). To be more specific, we automatically classify scientific documents according to the DDC taxonomy within three levels using a machine learning-based classifier that relies solely on OAI metadata records as the document representation. The results show an asymmetric distribution of documents across the hierarchical structure of the DDC taxonomy and issues of data sparseness. However, the performance of the classifier shows promising results on all three levels of the DDC.
- Pages
- S.29-40
- Type
- a
-
Shoffner, M.; Greenberg, J.; Kramer-Duffield, J.; Woodbury, D.: Web 2.0 semantic systems : collaborative learning in science (2008)
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- Abstract
- The basic goal of education within a discipline is to transform a novice into an expert. This entails moving the novice toward the "semantic space" that the expert inhabits-the space of concepts, meanings, vocabularies, and other intellectual constructs that comprise the discipline. Metadata is significant to this goal in digitally mediated education environments. Encoding the experts' semantic space not only enables the sharing of semantics among discipline scientists, but also creates an environment that bridges the semantic gap between the common vocabulary of the novice and the granular descriptive language of the seasoned scientist (Greenberg, et al, 2005). Developments underlying the Semantic Web, where vocabularies are formalized in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), and Web 2.0 approaches of user-generated folksonomies provide an infrastructure for linking vocabulary systems and promoting group learning via metadata literacy. Group learning is a pedagogical approach to teaching that harnesses the phenomenon of "collective intelligence" to increase learning by means of collaboration. Learning a new semantic system can be daunting for a novice, and yet it is integral to advance one's knowledge in a discipline and retain interest. These ideas are key to the "BOT 2.0: Botany through Web 2.0, the Memex and Social Learning" project (Bot 2.0).72 Bot 2.0 is a collaboration involving the North Carolina Botanical Garden, the UNC SILS Metadata Research center, and the Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI). Bot 2.0 presents a curriculum utilizing a memex as a way for students to link and share digital information, working asynchronously in an environment beyond the traditional classroom. Our conception of a memex is not a centralized black box but rather a flexible, distributed framework that uses the most salient and easiest-to-use collaborative platforms (e.g., Facebook, Flickr, wiki and blog technology) for personal information management. By meeting students "where they live" digitally, we hope to attract students to the study of botanical science. A key aspect is to teach students scientific terminology and about the value of metadata, an inherent function in several of the technologies and in the instructional approach we are utilizing. This poster will report on a study examining the value of both folksonomies and taxonomies for post-secondary college students learning plant identification. Our data is drawn from a curriculum involving a virtual independent learning portion and a "BotCamp" weekend at UNC, where students work with digital plan specimens that they have captured. Results provide some insight into the importance of collaboration and shared vocabulary for gaining confidence and for student progression from novice to expert in botany.
- Source
- Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
- Type
- a
-
Borst, T.; Fingerle, B.; Neubert, J.; Seiler, A.: Auf dem Weg in das Semantic Web : Anwendungsbeispiele und Lösungsszenarien in Bibliotheken / Eine Veranstaltung von hbz und ZBW (2010)
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- Abstract
- Unter dem Motto »Fachtagung für innovative Bibliothekare« hat am 24. und 25. November 2009 in Köln erstmals die Veranstaltung »Semantic Web in Bibliotheken - SWIB09« stattgefunden. Die international besetzte Tagung wurde vom Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz) und der Deutschen Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften (ZBW) gemeinsam ausgerichtet, um Bibliotheken das »Semantic Web« näher zu bringen. Die aus Platzgründen auf rund 100 am ersten Tag und 60 am zweiten Tag begrenzten Teilnehmerplätze waren rasch ausgebucht. Während der erste Tag eine Einführung und erste Anwendungsbeispiele bot, die das Potenzial von Semantic Web-Anwendungen zeigten, vermittelte der zweite Tag anhand praxisnaher Beispiele Anforderungen und Lösungsszenarien für Bibliotheken.
- Content
- Moderne Web-Anwendungen Wie ein klassischer Bibliothekskatalog in eine moderne Web-Anwendung und in Linked Open Data überführt werden kann, berichtete Anders Söderbäck von der Schwedischen Nationalbibliothek. Unter dem Thema »Linked Applications« entwarf Felix Ostrowski, IT-Entwickler beim hbz, eine tiefe Integration von Ontologien direkt in die verwendete Programmiersprache am Beispiel von Repository Software. Andre Hagenbruch, Mitarbeiter der Universitätsbibliothek Bochum, stellte ein Projekt für ein Linked Data-basiertes Bibliotheksportal vor, das neben bibliografischen Daten auch administrative Informationen wie Personaldaten oder Öffnungszeiten integrieren soll. Interessante Einblicke bot Jürgen Kett von der DNB zur hauseigenen Linked Data-Strategie. Dazu gehört die Veröffentlichung der Personennamendatei (PND) zwecks kostenfreier Weiterverwendung durch andere Bibliotheken. In einem weiteren Vortrag gingen Kett und sein Kollege Svensson auf Details ihres aktuellen Linked Data-Projekts ein, das in einer ersten Stufe URI- und SPARQL-Zugriff auf die SWDund PND-Datensets sowie ihre Verknüpfungen zu internationalen Normdatenbeständen ermöglichen soll. Ein Beta-Dienst soll bis Mitte 2010 online gehen. Timo Borst, Leiter der IT-Entwicklung der ZBW, griff dies auf und demonstrierte die Integration von Thesaurus-und Personennormdaten in den ZBW-Dokumentenserver. Als technischer Zugangspunkt für Linked Data wurde dabei auch ein experimenteller SPARQLEndpoint der DNB genutzt, dessen Abfrage eine automatische Vorschlagsfunktion für PND-Einträge ermöglicht. Praktische Erfahrungen aus den Linked Data-Projekten der ZBW fasste Joachim Neubert, IT-Entwickler bei der ZBW, zusammen, verbunden mit Hinweisen zu Tools, Communities und Best Practice-Beispielen im Web.
- Footnote
- Das Programm der Tagung, Abstracts und Vorträge sind online unter www.swib09.de.
- Type
- a
-
Hauser, T.: Gemeinsame Sprache : Semantic Web (2003)
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- Abstract
- Was kommt danach? Was kommt nach XML, Google und Webservices? Unter dem Namen Semantic Web sollen sich neue Technologien und Standards durchsetzen, die die Zukunft des Webs bilden, Ziel ist es, Menschen besser mit Computern zusammenarbeiten zu lassen
- Type
- a
-
Narock, T.; Zhou, L.; Yoon, V.: Semantic similarity of ontology instances using polarity mining (2013)
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- Abstract
- Semantic similarity is vital to many areas, such as information retrieval. Various methods have been proposed with a focus on comparing unstructured text documents. Several of these have been enhanced with ontology; however, they have not been applied to ontology instances. With the growth in ontology instance data published online through, for example, Linked Open Data, there is an increasing need to apply semantic similarity to ontology instances. Drawing on ontology-supported polarity mining (OSPM), we propose an algorithm that enhances the computation of semantic similarity with polarity mining techniques. The algorithm is evaluated with online customer review data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithm in multiple settings.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
- Type
- a
-
Berners-Lee, T.; Hendler, J.; Lassila, O.: ¬The Semantic Web : a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities (2001)
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- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
- Type
- a
-
Voß, J.: Vom Social Tagging zum Semantic Tagging (2008)
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- Series
- Medien in der Wissenschaft; Bd.47
- Type
- a
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McGuinness, D.L.: Ontologies come of age (2003)
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- Abstract
- Ontologies have moved beyond the domains of library science, philosophy, and knowledge representation. They are now the concerns of marketing departments, CEOs, and mainstream business. Research analyst companies such as Forrester Research report on the critical roles of ontologies in support of browsing and search for e-commerce and in support of interoperability for facilitation of knowledge management and configuration. One now sees ontologies used as central controlled vocabularies that are integrated into catalogues, databases, web publications, knowledge management applications, etc. Large ontologies are essential components in many online applications including search (such as Yahoo and Lycos), e-commerce (such as Amazon and eBay), configuration (such as Dell and PC-Order), etc. One also sees ontologies that have long life spans, sometimes in multiple projects (such as UMLS, SIC codes, etc.). Such diverse usage generates many implications for ontology environments. In this paper, we will discuss ontologies and requirements in their current instantiations on the web today. We will describe some desirable properties of ontologies. We will also discuss how both simple and complex ontologies are being and may be used to support varied applications. We will conclude with a discussion of emerging trends in ontologies and their environments and briefly mention our evolving ontology evolution environment.
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 18:16:49
- Type
- a
-
Faaborg, A.; Lagoze, C.: Semantic browsing (2003)
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- Abstract
- We have created software applications that allow users to both author and use Semantic Web metadata. To create and use a layer of semantic content on top of the existing Web, we have (1) implemented a user interface that expedites the task of attributing metadata to resources on the Web, and (2) augmented a Web browser to leverage this semantic metadata to provide relevant information and tasks to the user. This project provides a framework for annotating and reorganizing existing files, pages, and sites on the Web that is similar to Vannevar Bushrsquos original concepts of trail blazing and associative indexing.
- Source
- Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 7th European Conference, proceedings / ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
- Type
- a
-
Niederée, C.: Metadaten als Bausteine des Semantic Web (2003)
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- Abstract
- Das »Semantic Web« bildet einen der wichtigsten, aktuellen Trends in der Weiterentwicklung des World Wide Web. Ehrgeizige Vision dieser nächsten Generation des WWW ist es, durch semantische Anreicherung von Information eine neue Qualität in der Bereitstellung von Inhalten und Diensten zu erreichen und vollständig neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für das Web zu eröffnen. Wichtige Ziele der Entwicklung des Semantic Web sind dabei die verbesserte Unterstützung von Kooperation zwischen Menschen und Computern und die intelligente Assistenz bei der Durchführung von Aufgaben in kooperativen verteilten Informationsumgebungen. Schlüssel zur Erreichung dieser Ziele sind die Anreicherung von Daten im Web mit Metadaten, welche diese Daten in einen semantischen Kontext einbetten. Diese Kontextinformation wird durch Software-Anwendungen interpretiert und zur Informationsfilterung, Verfeinerung von Anfragen und zur Bereitstellung intelligenter Assistenten verwendet. Eine große Herausforderung stellt dabei die geeignete Modellierung und Beschreibung des Kontexts dar. Diese muss eine automatische, globale Interpretation ermöglichen, ohne dass auf ein allgemeingültiges semantisches Beschreibungsschema zurückgegriffen werden kann. Die Vereinbarung eines solchen allgemeingültigen Schemas ist in einem derart umfangreichen, heterogenen und autonomen Rahmen, wie ihn das WWW darstellt, nicht möglich.
- Type
- a
-
Flores-Herr, N.; Sack, H.; Bossert, K.: Suche in Multimediaarchiven von Kultureinrichtungen (2011)
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- Abstract
- In diesem Kapitel werden Vorschläge für neue Suchparadigmen nach multimedialen Inhalten in Archiven von Kultureinrichtungen vorgestellt. Um die Notwendigkeit für eine Integration dieser neuen Technologien zu zeigen, werden zunächst Einschränkungen der klassischen katalogbasierten Bibliothekssuche im Zeitalter von immer weiter wachsenden Multimediasammlungen beschrieben. Im Anschluss werden die Vor- und Nachteile zweier Suchparadigmen dargestellt, mit deren Hilfe in Zukunft für Wissenschaftler und Kulturschaffende die Suche nach multimedialen Inhalten erleichtert werden könnte. Zunächst werden die Perspektiven einer semantischen Suche auf Basis von Semantic-Web-Technologien in Bibliotheken beschrieben. Im Anschluss werden Suchmöglichkeiten für Multimediainhalte auf Basis von automatischer inhaltsbasierter Medienanalyse gezeigt. Das Kapitel endet mit einem Ausblick auf eine mögliche Vereinigung der beiden neuen Ansätze mit katalogbasierter Bibliothekssuche.
- Source
- Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, 2: Neue Entwicklungen in der Web-Suche. Hrsg.: D. Lewandowski
- Type
- a
-
Zapilko, B.; Sure, Y.: Neue Möglichkeiten für die Wissensorganisation durch die Kombination von Digital Library Verfahren mit Standards des Semantic Web (2013)
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- Abstract
- Entwicklungen und Technologien des Semantic Web treffen seit einigen Jahren verstärkt auf die Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswelt, um das dort seit Jahrzehnten gesammelte und gepflegte Wissen für das Web und seine Nurzer zugänglich und weiter verarbeitbar zu machen. Dabei können beide Lager von einer Öffnung gegenüber den Verfahren des jeweils anderen und den daraus resultierenden Möglichkeiten, beispielsweise einer integrierten Recherche in verteilten und semantisch angereicherten Dokumentbeständen oder der Anreicherung eigener Bestände um Inhalte anderer, frei verfügbarer Bestände, profitieren. Dieses Paper stellt die Reformulierung eines gängigen informationswissenschaftlichen Verfahrens aus der Dokumentations- und Bibliothekswelt, des sogenannten SchalenmodeIls, vor und zeigt neues Potenzial und neue Möglichkeiten für die Wissensorganisation auf, die durch dessen Anwendung im Semantic Web entstehen können. Darüber hinaus werden erste praktische Ergebnisse der Vorarbeiten dieser Reformulierung präsentiert, die Transformation eines Thesaurus ins SKOS-Format.
- Type
- a
-
Blumauer, A.; Pellegrini, T.: Semantic Web Revisited : Eine kurze Einführung in das Social Semantic Web (2009)
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- Pages
- S.3-22
- Source
- Social Semantic Web: Web 2.0, was nun? Hrsg.: A. Blumauer u. T. Pellegrini
- Type
- a
-
Di Maio, P.: Linked data beyond libraries : towards universal interfaces and knowledge unification (2015)
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- Source
- Linked data and user interaction: the road ahead. Eds.: Cervone, H.F. u. L.G. Svensson
- Type
- a
-
Tennis, J.T.: Scheme versioning in the Semantic Web (2006)
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- Abstract
- This paper describes a conceptual framework and methodology for managing scheme versioning for the Semantic Web. The first part of the paper introduces the concept of vocabulary encoding schemes, distinguished from metadata schemas, and discusses the characteristics of changes in schemes. The paper then presents a proposal to use a value record-similar to a term record in thesaurus management techniques-to manage scheme versioning challenges for the Semantic Web. The conclusion identifies future research directions.
- Date
- 23.12.2007 10:14:29
- Type
- a
-
Feigenbaum, L.; Herman, I.; Hongsermeier, T.; Neumann, E.; Stephens, S.: ¬The Semantic Web in action (2007)
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- Abstract
- Six years ago in this magazine, Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassila unveiled a nascent vision of the Semantic Web: a highly interconnected network of data that could be easily accessed and understood by any desktop or handheld machine. They painted a future of intelligent software agents that would head out on the World Wide Web and automatically book flights and hotels for our trips, update our medical records and give us a single, customized answer to a particular question without our having to search for information or pore through results. They also presented the young technologies that would make this vision come true: a common language for representing data that could be understood by all kinds of software agents; ontologies--sets of statements--that translate information from disparate databases into common terms; and rules that allow software agents to reason about the information described in those terms. The data format, ontologies and reasoning software would operate like one big application on the World Wide Web, analyzing all the raw data stored in online databases as well as all the data about the text, images, video and communications the Web contained. Like the Web itself, the Semantic Web would grow in a grassroots fashion, only this time aided by working groups within the World Wide Web Consortium, which helps to advance the global medium. Since then skeptics have said the Semantic Web would be too difficult for people to understand or exploit. Not so. The enabling technologies have come of age. A vibrant community of early adopters has agreed on standards that have steadily made the Semantic Web practical to use. Large companies have major projects under way that will greatly improve the efficiencies of in-house operations and of scientific research. Other firms are using the Semantic Web to enhance business-to-business interactions and to build the hidden data-processing structures, or back ends, behind new consumer services. And like an iceberg, the tip of this large body of work is emerging in direct consumer applications, too.
- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
- Type
- a
-
Berners-Lee, T.; Hendler, J.; Lassila, O.: Mein Computer versteht mich (2001)
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- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
- Footnote
- Dt. Übersetzung von: The Semantic Web: a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities. In: Scientific American. 284(2001) no.5, S.34-43.
- Type
- a
-
Stamou, G.; Chortaras, A.: Ontological query answering over semantic data (2017)
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- Pages
- S.29-63
- Type
- a
-
Aslam, S.; Sonkar, S.K.: Semantic Web : an overview (2019)
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- Date
- 10.12.2020 9:29:12
- Type
- a
