-
Faaborg, A.; Lagoze, C.: Semantic browsing (2003)
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- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; vol.2769
- Source
- Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 7th European Conference, proceedings / ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Narock, T.; Zhou, L.; Yoon, V.: Semantic similarity of ontology instances using polarity mining (2013)
0.21
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- Abstract
- Semantic similarity is vital to many areas, such as information retrieval. Various methods have been proposed with a focus on comparing unstructured text documents. Several of these have been enhanced with ontology; however, they have not been applied to ontology instances. With the growth in ontology instance data published online through, for example, Linked Open Data, there is an increasing need to apply semantic similarity to ontology instances. Drawing on ontology-supported polarity mining (OSPM), we propose an algorithm that enhances the computation of semantic similarity with polarity mining techniques. The algorithm is evaluated with online customer review data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithm in multiple settings.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Prasad, A.R.D.; Madalli, D.P.: Faceted infrastructure for semantic digital libraries (2008)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The paper aims to argue that digital library retrieval should be based on semantic representations and propose a semantic infrastructure for digital libraries. Design/methodology/approach - The approach taken is formal model based on subject representation for digital libraries. Findings - Search engines and search techniques have fallen short of user expectations as they do not give context based retrieval. Deploying semantic web technologies would lead to efficient and more precise representation of digital library content and hence better retrieval. Though digital libraries often have metadata of information resources which can be accessed through OAI-PMH, much remains to be accomplished in making digital libraries semantic web compliant. This paper presents a semantic infrastructure for digital libraries, that will go a long way in providing them and web based information services with products highly customised to users needs. Research limitations/implications - Here only a model for semantic infrastructure is proposed. This model is proposed after studying current user-centric, top-down models adopted in digital library service architectures. Originality/value - This paper gives a generic model for building semantic infrastructure for digital libraries. Faceted ontologies for digital libraries is just one approach. But the same may be adopted by groups working with different approaches in building ontologies to realise efficient retrieval in digital libraries.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Smith, D.A.; Shadbolt, N.R.: FacetOntology : expressive descriptions of facets in the Semantic Web (2012)
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- Abstract
- The formal structure of the information on the Semantic Web lends itself to faceted browsing, an information retrieval method where users can filter results based on the values of properties ("facets"). Numerous faceted browsers have been created to browse RDF and Linked Data, but these systems use their own ontologies for defining how data is queried to populate their facets. Since the source data is the same format across these systems (specifically, RDF), we can unify the different methods of describing how to quer the underlying data, to enable compatibility across systems, and provide an extensible base ontology for future systems. To this end, we present FacetOntology, an ontology that defines how to query data to form a faceted browser, and a number of transformations and filters that can be applied to data before it is shown to users. FacetOntology overcomes limitations in the expressivity of existing work, by enabling the full expressivity of SPARQL when selecting data for facets. By applying a FacetOntology definition to data, a set of facets are specified, each with queries and filters to source RDF data, which enables faceted browsing systems to be created using that RDF data.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Zenz, G.; Zhou, X.; Minack, E.; Siberski, W.; Nejdl, W.: Interactive query construction for keyword search on the Semantic Web (2012)
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- Abstract
- With the advance of the semantic Web, increasing amounts of data are available in a structured and machine-understandable form. This opens opportunities for users to employ semantic queries instead of simple keyword-based ones to accurately express the information need. However, constructing semantic queries is a demanding task for human users [11]. To compose a valid semantic query, a user has to (1) master a query language (e.g., SPARQL) and (2) acquire sufficient knowledge about the ontology or the schema of the data source. While there are systems which support this task with visual tools [21, 26] or natural language interfaces [3, 13, 14, 18], the process of query construction can still be complex and time consuming. According to [24], users prefer keyword search, and struggle with the construction of semantic queries although being supported with a natural language interface. Several keyword search approaches have already been proposed to ease information seeking on semantic data [16, 32, 35] or databases [1, 31]. However, keyword queries lack the expressivity to precisely describe the user's intent. As a result, ranking can at best put query intentions of the majority on top, making it impossible to take the intentions of all users into consideration.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Bergamaschi, S.; Domnori, E.; Guerra, F.; Rota, S.; Lado, R.T.; Velegrakis, Y.: Understanding the semantics of keyword queries on relational data without accessing the instance (2012)
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- Abstract
- The birth of the Web has brought an exponential growth to the amount of the information that is freely available to the Internet population, overloading users and entangling their efforts to satisfy their information needs. Web search engines such Google, Yahoo, or Bing have become popular mainly due to the fact that they offer an easy-to-use query interface (i.e., based on keywords) and an effective and efficient query execution mechanism. The majority of these search engines do not consider information stored on the deep or hidden Web [9,28], despite the fact that the size of the deep Web is estimated to be much bigger than the surface Web [9,47]. There have been a number of systems that record interactions with the deep Web sources or automatically submit queries them (mainly through their Web form interfaces) in order to index their context. Unfortunately, this technique is only partially indexing the data instance. Moreover, it is not possible to take advantage of the query capabilities of data sources, for example, of the relational query features, because their interface is often restricted from the Web form. Besides, Web search engines focus on retrieving documents and not on querying structured sources, so they are unable to access information based on concepts.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Brunetti, J.M.; Roberto García, R.: User-centered design and evaluation of overview components for semantic data exploration (2014)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The growing volumes of semantic data available in the web result in the need for handling the information overload phenomenon. The potential of this amount of data is enormous but in most cases it is very difficult for users to visualize, explore and use this data, especially for lay-users without experience with Semantic Web technologies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - The Visual Information-Seeking Mantra "Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand" proposed by Shneiderman describes how data should be presented in different stages to achieve an effective exploration. The overview is the first user task when dealing with a data set. The objective is that the user is capable of getting an idea about the overall structure of the data set. Different information architecture (IA) components supporting the overview tasks have been developed, so they are automatically generated from semantic data, and evaluated with end-users. Findings - The chosen IA components are well known to web users, as they are present in most web pages: navigation bars, site maps and site indexes. The authors complement them with Treemaps, a visualization technique for displaying hierarchical data. These components have been developed following an iterative User-Centered Design methodology. Evaluations with end-users have shown that they get easily used to them despite the fact that they are generated automatically from structured data, without requiring knowledge about the underlying semantic technologies, and that the different overview components complement each other as they focus on different information search needs. Originality/value - Obtaining semantic data sets overviews cannot be easily done with the current semantic web browsers. Overviews become difficult to achieve with large heterogeneous data sets, which is typical in the Semantic Web, because traditional IA techniques do not easily scale to large data sets. There is little or no support to obtain overview information quickly and easily at the beginning of the exploration of a new data set. This can be a serious limitation when exploring a data set for the first time, especially for lay-users. The proposal is to reuse and adapt existing IA components to provide this overview to users and show that they can be generated automatically from the thesaurus and ontologies that structure semantic data while providing a comparable user experience to traditional web sites.
- Date
- 20. 1.2015 18:30:22
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Semantic search over the Web (2012)
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- Abstract
- The Web has become the world's largest database, with search being the main tool that allows organizations and individuals to exploit its huge amount of information. Search on the Web has been traditionally based on textual and structural similarities, ignoring to a large degree the semantic dimension, i.e., understanding the meaning of the query and of the document content. Combining search and semantics gives birth to the idea of semantic search. Traditional search engines have already advertised some semantic dimensions. Some of them, for instance, can enhance their generated result sets with documents that are semantically related to the query terms even though they may not include these terms. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the semantic search has not yet reached its full potential. In this book, Roberto De Virgilio, Francesco Guerra and Yannis Velegrakis present an extensive overview of the work done in Semantic Search and other related areas. They explore different technologies and solutions in depth, making their collection a valuable and stimulating reading for both academic and industrial researchers. The book is divided into three parts. The first introduces the readers to the basic notions of the Web of Data. It describes the different kinds of data that exist, their topology, and their storing and indexing techniques. The second part is dedicated to Web Search. It presents different types of search, like the exploratory or the path-oriented, alongside methods for their efficient and effective implementation. Other related topics included in this part are the use of uncertainty in query answering, the exploitation of ontologies, and the use of semantics in mashup design and operation. The focus of the third part is on linked data, and more specifically, on applying ideas originating in recommender systems on linked data management, and on techniques for the efficiently querying answering on linked data.
- Content
- Inhalt: Introduction.- Part I Introduction to Web of Data.- Topology of the Web of Data.- Storing and Indexing Massive RDF Data Sets.- Designing Exploratory Search Applications upon Web Data Sources.- Part II Search over the Web.- Path-oriented Keyword Search query over RDF.- Interactive Query Construction for Keyword Search on the SemanticWeb.- Understanding the Semantics of Keyword Queries on Relational DataWithout Accessing the Instance.- Keyword-Based Search over Semantic Data.- Semantic Link Discovery over Relational Data.- Embracing Uncertainty in Entity Linking.- The Return of the Entity-Relationship Model: Ontological Query Answering.- Linked Data Services and Semantics-enabled Mashup.- Part III Linked Data Search engines.- A Recommender System for Linked Data.- Flint: from Web Pages to Probabilistic Semantic Data.- Searching and Browsing Linked Data with SWSE.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Brambilla, M.; Ceri, S.: Designing exploratory search applications upon Web data sources (2012)
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- Abstract
- Search is the preferred method to access information in today's computing systems. The Web, accessed through search engines, is universally recognized as the source for answering users' information needs. However, offering a link to a Web page does not cover all information needs. Even simple problems, such as "Which theater offers an at least three-stars action movie in London close to a good Italian restaurant," can only be solved by searching the Web multiple times, e.g., by extracting a list of the recent action movies filtered by ranking, then looking for movie theaters, then looking for Italian restaurants close to them. While search engines hint to useful information, the user's brain is the fundamental platform for information integration. An important trend is the availability of new, specialized data sources-the so-called "long tail" of the Web of data. Such carefully collected and curated data sources can be much more valuable than information currently available in Web pages; however, many sources remain hidden or insulated, in the lack of software solutions for bringing them to surface and making them usable in the search context. A new class of tailor-made systems, designed to satisfy the needs of users with specific aims, will support the publishing and integration of data sources for vertical domains; the user will be able to select sources based on individual or collective trust, and systems will be able to route queries to such sources and to provide easyto-use interfaces for combining them within search strategies, at the same time, rewarding the data source owners for each contribution to effective search. Efforts such as Google's Fusion Tables show that the technology for bringing hidden data sources to surface is feasible.
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Multimedia content and the Semantic Web : methods, standards, and tools (2005)
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- Classification
- 006.7 22
- Date
- 7. 3.2007 19:30:22
- DDC
- 006.7 22
- Editor
- Stamou, G. u. S. Kollias
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.457-458 (A.M.A. Ahmad): "The concept of the semantic web has emerged because search engines and text-based searching are no longer adequate, as these approaches involve an extensive information retrieval process. The deployed searching and retrieving descriptors arc naturally subjective and their deployment is often restricted to the specific application domain for which the descriptors were configured. The new era of information technology imposes different kinds of requirements and challenges. Automatic extracted audiovisual features are required, as these features are more objective, domain-independent, and more native to audiovisual content. This book is a useful guide for researchers, experts, students, and practitioners; it is a very valuable reference and can lead them through their exploration and research in multimedia content and the semantic web. The book is well organized, and introduces the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis to the reader through a logical sequence from standards and hypotheses through system examples, presenting relevant tools and methods. But in some chapters readers will need a good technical background to understand some of the details. Readers may attain sufficient knowledge here to start projects or research related to the book's theme; recent results and articles related to the active research area of integrating multimedia with semantic web technologies are included. This book includes full descriptions of approaches to specific problem domains such as content search, indexing, and retrieval. This book will be very useful to researchers in the multimedia content analysis field who wish to explore the benefits of emerging semantic web technologies in applying multimedia content approaches. The first part of the book covers the definition of the two basic terms multimedia content and semantic web. The Moving Picture Experts Group standards MPEG7 and MPEG21 are quoted extensively. In addition, the means of multimedia content description are elaborated upon and schematically drawn. This extensive description is introduced by authors who are actively involved in those standards and have been participating in the work of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/MPEG for many years. On the other hand, this results in bias against the ad hoc or nonstandard tools for multimedia description in favor of the standard approaches. This is a general book for multimedia content; more emphasis on the general multimedia description and extraction could be provided.
Semantic web technologies are explained, and ontology representation is emphasized. There is an excellent summary of the fundamental theory behind applying a knowledge-engineering approach to vision problems. This summary represents the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis. A definition of the fuzzy knowledge representation that can be used for realization in multimedia content applications has been provided, with a comprehensive analysis. The second part of the book introduces the multimedia content analysis approaches and applications. In addition, some examples of methods applicable to multimedia content analysis are presented. Multimedia content analysis is a very diverse field and concerns many other research fields at the same time; this creates strong diversity issues, as everything from low-level features (e.g., colors, DCT coefficients, motion vectors, etc.) up to the very high and semantic level (e.g., Object, Events, Tracks, etc.) are involved. The second part includes topics on structure identification (e.g., shot detection for video sequences), and object-based video indexing. These conventional analysis methods are supplemented by results on semantic multimedia analysis, including three detailed chapters on the development and use of knowledge models for automatic multimedia analysis. Starting from object-based indexing and continuing with machine learning, these three chapters are very logically organized. Because of the diversity of this research field, including several chapters of recent research results is not sufficient to cover the state of the art of multimedia. The editors of the book should write an introductory chapter about multimedia content analysis approaches, basic problems, and technical issues and challenges, and try to survey the state of the art of the field and thus introduce the field to the reader.
The final part of the book discusses research in multimedia content management systems and the semantic web, and presents examples and applications for semantic multimedia analysis in search and retrieval systems. These chapters describe example systems in which current projects have been implemented, and include extensive results and real demonstrations. For example, real case scenarios such as ECommerce medical applications and Web services have been introduced. Topics in natural language, speech and image processing techniques and their application for multimedia indexing, and content-based retrieval have been elaborated upon with extensive examples and deployment methods. The editors of the book themselves provide the readers with a chapter about their latest research results on knowledge-based multimedia content indexing and retrieval. Some interesting applications for multimedia content and the semantic web are introduced. Applications that have taken advantage of the metadata provided by MPEG7 in order to realize advance-access services for multimedia content have been provided. The applications discussed in the third part of the book provide useful guidance to researchers and practitioners properly planning to implement semantic multimedia analysis techniques in new research and development projects in both academia and industry. A fourth part should be added to this book: performance measurements for integrated approaches of multimedia analysis and the semantic web. Performance of the semantic approach is a very sophisticated issue and requires extensive elaboration and effort. Measuring the semantic search is an ongoing research area; several chapters concerning performance measurement and analysis would be required to adequately cover this area and introduce it to readers."
- LCSH
- Information storage and retrieval systems
- RSWK
- Semantic Web / Multimedia / Automatische Indexierung / Information Retrieval
- Subject
- Semantic Web / Multimedia / Automatische Indexierung / Information Retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems
-
Keyser, P. de: Indexing : from thesauri to the Semantic Web (2012)
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- Abstract
- Indexing consists of both novel and more traditional techniques. Cutting-edge indexing techniques, such as automatic indexing, ontologies, and topic maps, were developed independently of older techniques such as thesauri, but it is now recognized that these older methods also hold expertise. Indexing describes various traditional and novel indexing techniques, giving information professionals and students of library and information sciences a broad and comprehensible introduction to indexing. This title consists of twelve chapters: an Introduction to subject readings and theasauri; Automatic indexing versus manual indexing; Techniques applied in automatic indexing of text material; Automatic indexing of images; The black art of indexing moving images; Automatic indexing of music; Taxonomies and ontologies; Metadata formats and indexing; Tagging; Topic maps; Indexing the web; and The Semantic Web.
- Date
- 24. 8.2016 14:03:22
- RSWK
- Indexierung <Inhaltserschließung>
- Subject
- Indexierung <Inhaltserschließung>
-
Stenzhorn, H.; Samwald, M.: ¬Das Semantic Web als Werkzeug in der biomedizinischen Forschung (2009)
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- Abstract
- In der biomedizinischen Forschung werden besonders in den letzten Jahren vermehrt enorme Mengen an neuen Daten produziert und diese in Folge verstärkt per Internet veröffentlicht. Viele Experten sehen in dieser Vorgehensweise die Chance zur Entdeckung bisher unbekannter biomedizinischer Erkenntnisse. Um dies jedoch zu ermöglichen, müssen neue Wege gefunden werden, die gewonnenen Daten effizient zu verarbeiten und zu verwalten. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die Möglichkeiten betrachtet, die das Semantic Web hierzu anbieten kann. Hierfür werden die relevanten Technologien des Semantic Web im speziellen Kontext der biomedizinischen Forschung betrachtet. Ein Fokus liegt auf der Anwendung von Ontologien in der Biomedizin: Es wird auf deren Vorteile eingegangen, aber auch auf möglichen Probleme, die deren Einsatz in einem erweiterten wissenschaftlichen Umfeld mit sich bringen können.
- Source
- Social Semantic Web: Web 2.0, was nun? Hrsg.: A. Blumauer u. T. Pellegrini
-
Stuckenschmidt, H.; Harmelen, F. van: Information sharing on the semantic web (2005)
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- Abstract
- Das wachsende Informationsvolumen im WWW führt paradoxerweise zu einer immer schwierigeren Nutzung, das Finden und Verknüpfen von Informationen in einem unstrukturierten Umfeld wird zur Sisyphosarbeit. Hier versprechen Semantic-Web-Ansätze Abhilfe. Die Autoren beschreiben Technologien, wie eine semantische Integration verteilter Daten durch verteilte Ontologien erreicht werden kann. Diese Techniken sind sowohl für Forscher als auch für Professionals interessant, die z.B. die Integration von Produktdaten aus verteilten Datenbanken im WWW oder von lose miteinander verbunden Anwendungen in verteilten Organisationen implementieren sollen.
- LCSH
- Ontologies (Information retrieval)
- RSWK
- Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Information Retrieval / Verteilung / Metadaten / Datenintegration
- Subject
- Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Information Retrieval / Verteilung / Metadaten / Datenintegration
Ontologies (Information retrieval)
-
Huemer, H.: Semantische Technologien : Analyse zum Status quo, Potentiale und Ziele im Bibliotheks-, Informations- und Dokumentationswesen (2006)
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- Abstract
- Das vorliegende Werk ist der erste Band in der Reihe "Branchenreports" der Semantic Web School. Diese Reihe, die in Zusammenarbeit mit Branchenexperten entwickelt wurde, verfolgt das Ziel, in regelmäßigen Abständen die Bedeutung semantischer Technologien in ausgewählten Branchen und Communities zu analysieren und zu durchleuchten. Damit sollen dem interessierten Leser in erster Linie ein Überblick und Einstiegspunkte geboten werden: Die Branchenreports helfen, sich in einem emergenten Umfeld besser orientieren zu können, sie zeigen Entwicklungspfade an, entlang welcher sich Branchen bewegen, die vermehrt auf den Einsatz semantischer Informationstechnologien setzen. Dieser Branchenreport beschäftigt sich mit dem Bibliotheks-, Informationsund Dokumentationswesen (BID) und es ist kein Zufall, dass diese Branche als erste durchleuchtet wird, sind doch hier die Wurzeln der professionellen Wissensorganisation zu finden. Nun, im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung und des Internets, steht diese Community vor neuen, großen Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten. Gerade im Umfeld des Semantic Web zeigt sich, dass die Erfahrungen aus dem BID-Bereich einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten können, soll die Entwicklung des Internets der nächsten Generation nicht nur von der Technik geprägt werden. Dieser Band möchte die Neugierde all jener wecken, die sich vor neuen Technologien nicht verschließen, und darauf aufmerksam machen, dass die Möglichkeiten, Information und Wissen zu organisieren, im 21. Jahrhundert gänzlich neue sein werden.
- Content
- Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 2. Bibliothekspolitik 3. Begriffsdefinitionen 3.1. Bibliothek - 3.2. Archiv - 3.3. Museum - 3.4. Information und Dokumentation - 3.5. Information - 3.6. Semantik und semantische Technologien - 3.7. Ontologie - 3.8. Recall und Precision 4. Bibliotheken aus statistischer Sicht - Kennzahlen 5. Bibliographische Tools 5.1. Austauschformate 5.1.1. MAB / MAB2 - 5.1.2. Allegro-C - 5.1.3. MARC 2 - 5.1.4. Z39.50 - 5.1.5. Weitere Formate 5.2. Kataloge / OPACs 5.2.1. Aleph 500 - 5.2.2. Allegro-C - 5.2.3. WorldCat beta 5.3. Dokumentationssysteme 5.4. Suchmaschinen 5.4.1. Convera und ProTerm - 5.4.2. APA Online Manager - 5.4.3. Google Scholar - 5.4.4. Scirus - 5.4.5. OAIster - 5.4.6. GRACE 5.5. Informationsportale 5.5.1. iPort - 5.5.2. MetaLib - 5.5.3. Vascoda - 5.5.4. Dandelon - 5.5.5. BAM-Portal - 5.5.6. Prometheus 6. Semantische Anreicherung 6.1. Indexierung - 6.2. Klassifikation - 6.3. Thesauri 38 - 6.4. Social Tagging 7. Projekte 7.1. Bibster - 7.2. Open Archives Initiative OAI - 7.3. Renardus - 7.4. Perseus Digital Library - 7.5. JeromeDL - eLibrary with Semantics 8. Semantische Technologien in BAM-InstitutionenÖsterreichs 8.1. Verbundkatalog des Österreichischen Bibliothekenverbunds - 8.2. Bibliotheken Online - WebOPAC der Öffentlichen Bibliotheken - 8.3. Umfrage-Design - 8.4. Auswertung 9. Fazit und Ausblick 10. Quellenverzeichnis 11. Web-Links 12. Anhang Vgl.: http://www.semantic-web.at/file_upload/1_tmpphp154oO0.pdf.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 60(2007)H.3, S.80-81 (J. Bertram): "Wie aus dem Titel der Publikation hervorgeht, will der Autor eine Bestandsaufnahme zum Einsatz semantischer Technologien im BID-Bereich (Bibliothek - Information - Dokumentation) bzw. BAM-Bereich (Bibliothek - Archiv - Museum) vornehmen. einigem Befremden, dass eines von insgesamt drei Vorwörtern für ein einschlägiges Softwareprodukt wirbt und von einer Firmenmitarbeiterin verfasst worden ist. Nach einer Skizze des gegenwärtigen Standes nationaler und europäischer Bibliothekspolitik folgen kurze Definitionen zu den beteiligten Branchen, zu semantischen Technologien und zu Precision und Recall. Die Ausführungen zu semantischen Technologien hätten durchaus gleich an den Anfang gestellt werden können, schließlich sollen sie ja das Hauptthema der vorliegenden Publikation abgeben. Zudem hätten sie konkreter, trennschärfer und ausführlicher ausfallen können. Der Autor moniert zu Recht das Fehlen einer einheitlichen Auffassung, was unter semantischen Technologien denn nun genau zu verstehen sei. Seine Definition lässt allerdings Fragen offen. So wird z.B. nicht geklärt, was besagte Technologien von den hier auch immer wieder erwähnten semantischen Tools unterscheidet. Das nachfolgende Kapitel über bibliographische Tools vereint eine Aufzählung konkreter Beispiele für Austauschformate, Dokumentationssysteme, Suchmaschinen, Informationsportale und OPACs. Im Anschluss daran stellt der Autor Methoden semantischer Anreicherung (bibliographischer) Daten vor und präsentiert Projekte im Bibliotheksbereich. Der aufzählende Charakter dieses und des vorangestellten Kapitels mag einem schnellen Überblick über die fraglichen Gegenstände dienlich sein, für eine systematische Lektüre eignen sich diese Passagen weniger. Auch wird der Bezug zu semantischen Technologien nicht durchgängig hergestellt.
Danach kommt das Werk - leider nur auf acht Seiten - zu seinem thematischen Kern. Die Frage, ob, in welchem Ausmaß und welche semantischen Technologien im BID-%BAM-Bereich eingesetzt werden, sollte eigentlich mit einer schriftlichen Befragung einschlägiger Institutionen verfolgt werden. Jedoch konnte dieses Ziel wegen des geringen Rücklaufs nur sehr eingeschränkt erreicht werden: im ersten Versuch antworteten sechs Personen aus insgesamt 65 angeschriebenen Institutionen. Beim zweiten Versuch mit einem deutlich abgespeckten Fragekatalog kamen weitere fünf Antworten dazu. Ausschlaggebend für die geringe Resonanz dürfte eine Mischung aus methodischen und inhaltlichen Faktoren gewesen sein: Eine schriftliche Befragung mit vorwiegend offenen Fragen durchzuführen, ist ohnehin schon ein Wagnis. Wenn diese Fragen dann auch noch gleichermaßen komplex wie voraussetzungsvoll sind, dann ist ein unbefriedigender Rücklauf keine Überraschung. Nicht zuletzt mag sich hier die Mutmaßung des Autors aus seinem Vorwort bewahrheiten und ihm zugleich zum Verhängnis geworden sein, nämlich dass "der Begriff 'Semantik' vielen Bibliothekaren und Dokumentaren noch nicht geläufig (ist)" - wie sollen sie dann aber Fragen dazu beantworten? Beispielhaft sei dafür die folgende angeführt: "Welche Erwartungen, Perspektiven, Prognosen, Potentiale, Paradigmen verbinden Sie persönlich mit dem Thema ,Semantische Technologien'?" Am Ende liegt der Wert der Untersuchung sicher vor allem darin, eine grundlegende Annahme über den Status quo in der fraglichen Branche zu bestätigen: dass semantische Technologien dort heute noch eine geringe Rolle und künftig schon eine viel größere spielen werden. Insgesamt gewinnt man den Eindruck, dass hier zum Hauptgegenstand geworden ist, was eigentlich nur Rahmen sein sollte. Die Publikation (auch der Anhang) wirkt streckenweise etwas mosaiksteinartig, das eigentlich Interessierende kommt zu kurz. Gleichwohl besteht ihr Verdienst darin, eine Annäherung an ein Thema zu geben, das in den fraglichen Institutionen noch nicht sehr bekannt ist. Auf diese Weise mag sie dazu beitragen, semantische Technologien im Bewusstsein der beteiligten Akteure stärker zu verankern. Das hier besprochene Werk ist der erste Band einer Publikationsreihe der Semantic Web School zum Einsatz semantischer Technologien in unterschiedlichen Branchen. Den nachfolgenden Bänden ist zu wünschen, dass sie sich auf empirische Untersuchungen mit größerer Resonanz stützen können."
-
Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Abstract
- By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
-
Mayfield, J.; Finin, T.: Information retrieval on the Semantic Web : integrating inference and retrieval
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- Abstract
- One vision of the Semantic Web is that it will be much like the Web we know today, except that documents will be enriched by annotations in machine understandable markup. These annotations will provide metadata about the documents as well as machine interpretable statements capturing some of the meaning of document content. We discuss how the information retrieval paradigm might be recast in such an environment. We suggest that retrieval can be tightly bound to inference. Doing so makes today's Web search engines useful to Semantic Web inference engines, and causes improvements in either retrieval or inference to lead directly to improvements in the other.
- Date
- 12. 2.2011 17:35:22
-
Semantic web & linked data : Elemente zukünftiger Informationsinfrastrukturen ; 1. DGI-Konferenz ; 62. Jahrestagung der DGI ; Frankfurt am Main, 7. - 9. Oktober 2010 ; Proceedings / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis (2010)
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- Abstract
- Informationswissenschaft und Informatik nähern sich auf vielen Gebieten bei ihren Projekten und in ihren Zielsetzungen immer stärker an. Ganz besonders deutlich wird dies vor dem Hintergrund von Semantic Web und Linked Data. Die Textanalyse und Fixierung der Essenz einer Publikation in Form ihrer belastbaren Aussagen und zugrunde liegender Daten sowie deren Speicherung und Aufbereitung für die Nutzung gehören zu den professionellen Aktivitäten der in der DGI organisierten Informationsfachleute. Das Semantic Web versprocht, bei entsprechender intellektueller Vorarbeit, diese Tätigkeiten künftig zu erleichtern. Der Tgaungsband macht an vielen Beispielen anschaulich klar, wie die in Informationswissenschaft und -praxis über Jahrzehnte erarbeiteten Grundlagen und Werkzeuge jetzt für den Aufbau der zukünftigen Informationsinfrastrukturen eingesetzt werden können. Er vereint die Textfassungen der Beiträge, die durch das Programmkomitee für die 1. DGI-Konferenz angenommen worden sind, dazu gehören u.a. wissensbasierte Anwendungen in der Wirtschaft, Aufbau von Ontologien mittels Thesauri, Mehrsprachigkeit und Open Data.
- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: ONTOLOGIEN UND WISSENSREPRÄSENTATIONEN: DIE VERLINKUNG ZWISCHEN INFORMATIONSSUCHENDEN UND INFORMATIONSRESSOURCEN Die Verwendung von SKOS-Daten zur semantischen Suchfragenerweiterung im Kontext des individualisierbaren Informationsportals RODIN / Fabio Ricci und Rene Schneider - Aufbau einer Testumgebung zur Ermittlung signifikanter Parameter bei der Ontologieabfrage / Sonja Öttl, Daniel Streiff, Niklaus Stettler und Martin Studer - Anforderungen an die Wissensrepräsentation im Social Semantic Web / Katrin Weller SEMANTIC WEB & LINKED DATA: WISSENSBASIERTE ANWENDUNGEN IN DER WIRTSCHAFT Semantic Web & Linked Data für professionelle Informationsangebote. Hoffnungsträger oder "alter Hut" - Eine Praxisbetrachtung für die Wirtschaftsinformationen / Ruth Göbel - Semantische wissensbasierte Suche in den Life Sciences am Beispiel von GoPubMed / Michael R. Alvers Produktion und Distribution für multimedialen Content in Form von Linked Data am Beispiel von PAUX / Michael Dreusicke DAS RÜCKRAT DES WEB DER DATEN: ONTOLOGIEN IN BIBLIOTHEKEN Linked Data aus und für Bibliotheken: Rückgratstärkung im Semantic Web / Reinhard Altenhöner, Jan Hannemann und Jürgen Kett - MODS2FRBRoo: Ein Tool zur Anbindung von bibliografischen Daten an eine Ontologie für Begriffe und Informationen im Bereich des kulturellen Erbes / Hans-Georg Becker - Suchmöglichkeiten für Vokabulare im Semantic Web / Friederike Borchert
LINKED DATA IM GEOINFORMATIONSBEREICH - CHANCEN ODER GEFAHR? Geodaten - von der Verantwortung des Dealers / Karsten Neumann - Computergestützte Freizeitplanung basierend auf Points Of Interest / Peter Bäcker und Ugur Macit VON LINKED DATA ZU VERLINKTEN DIALOGEN Die globalisierte Semantic Web Informationswissenschaftlerin / Dierk Eichel - Kommunikation und Kontext. Überlegungen zur Entwicklung virtueller Diskursräume für die Wissenschaft / Ben Kaden und Maxi Kindling - Konzeptstudie: Die informationswissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Zukunft / Lambert Heller und Heinz Pampel SEMANTIC WEB & LINKED DATA IM BILDUNGSWESEN Einsatz von Semantic Web-Technologien am Informationszentrum Bildung / Carola Carstens und Marc Rittberger - Bedarfsgerecht, kontextbezogen, qualitätsgesichert: Von der Information zum Wertschöpfungsfaktor Wissen am Beispiel einer Wissenslandkarte als dynamisches System zur Repräsentation des Wissens in der Berufsbildungsforschung / Sandra Dücker und Markus Linten - Virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen und Forschungsdaten für Lehre und Forschung: Informationsinfrastrukturen für die (Natur-)Wissenschaften / Matthias Schulze
OPEN DATA - OPENS PROBLEMS? Challenges and Opportunities in Social Science Research Data Management / Stefan Kramer - Aktivitäten von GESIS im Kontext von Open Data und Zugang zu sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschungsergebnissen / Anja Wilde, Agnieszka Wenninger, Oliver Hopt, Philipp Schaer und Benjamin Zapilko NUTZER UND NUTZUNG IM ZEITALTER VON SEMANTIC WEB & LINKED DATA Die Erfassung, Nutzung und Weiterverwendung von statistischen Informationen - Erfahrungsbericht / Doris Stärk - Einsatz semantischer Technologien zur Entwicklung eines Lerntrajektoriengenerators in frei zugänglichen, nicht personalisierenden Lernplattformen / Richard Huber, Adrian Paschke, Georges Awad und Kirsten Hantelmann OPEN DATA: KONZEPTE - NUTZUNG - ZUKUNFT Zur Konzeption und Implementierung einer Infrastruktur für freie bibliographische Daten / Adrian Pohl und Felix Ostrowski - Lösung zum multilingualen Wissensmanagement semantischer Informationen / Lars Ludwig - Linked Open Projects: Nachnutzung von Projektergebnissen als Linked Data / Kai Eckert AUSBLICK INFORMATIONSKOMPETENZ GMMIK ['gi-mik] - Ein Modell der Informationskompetenz / Aleksander Knauerhase WORKSHOP Wissensdiagnostik als Instrument für Lernempfehlungen am Beispiel der Facharztprüfung / Werner Povoden, Sabine Povoden und Roland Streule
- RSWK
- Semantic Web / Indexierung <Inhaltserschließung> / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Frankfurt <Main, 2010>
- Subject
- Semantic Web / Indexierung <Inhaltserschließung> / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Frankfurt <Main, 2010>
-
Voß, J.: Vom Social Tagging zum Semantic Tagging (2008)
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- Abstract
- Social Tagging als freie Verschlagwortung durch Nutzer im Web wird immer häufiger mit der Idee des Semantic Web in Zusammenhang gebracht. Wie beide Konzepte in der Praxis konkret zusammenkommen sollen, bleibt jedoch meist unklar. Dieser Artikel soll hier Aufklärung leisten, indem die Kombination von Social Tagging und Semantic Web in Form von Semantic Tagging mit dem Simple Knowledge Organisation System dargestellt und auf die konkreten Möglichkeiten, Vorteile und offenen Fragen der Semantischen Indexierung eingegangen wird.
- Footnote
- Beitrag der Tagung "Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation" am 21.-22.02.2008 am Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) in Tübingen.
- Series
- Medien in der Wissenschaft; Bd.47
- Source
- Good tags - bad tags: Social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation. Hrsg.: B. Gaiser, u.a
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Shah, U.; Finin, T.; Joshi, A.; Cost, R.S.; Mayfield, J.: Information retrieval on the Semantic Web (2002)
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- Abstract
- We describe an apporach to retrieval of documents that consist of both free text and semantically enriched markup. In particular, we present the design and implementation prototype of a framework in which both documents and queries can be marked up with statements in the DAML+OIL semantic web language. These statement provide both structured and semi-structured information about the documents and their content. We claim that indexing text and semantic markup will significantly improve retrieval performance. Outr approach allows inferencing to be done over this information at several points: when a document is indexed,when a query is processed and when query results are evaluated.
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Mehler, A.; Waltinger, U.: Automatic enrichment of metadata (2009)
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- Abstract
- In this talk we present a retrieval model based on social ontologies. More specifically, we utilize the Wikipedia category system in order to perform semantic searches. That is, textual input is used to build queries by means of which documents are retrieved which do not necessarily contain any query term but are semantically related to the input text by virtue of their content. We present a desktop which utilizes this search facility in a web-based environment - the so called eHumanities Desktop.
