Search (52 results, page 1 of 3)

  • × theme_ss:"Suchmaschinen"
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  1. Cheong, F.C.: Internet agents : spiders, wanderers, brokers, and bots (1996) 0.33 
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    RSWK
    Internet / World Wide Web / Computer programming
    Subject
    Internet / World Wide Web / Computer programming
    Theme
    Web-Agenten
  2. Bradley, P.: Advanced Internet searcher's handbook (1998) 0.20 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Information world review. 1999, no.146, S.26 (D. Parr)
    LCSH
    World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
    Internet (Computer network)
    Subject
    World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
    Internet (Computer network)
  3. Belew, R.K.: Finding out about : a cognitive perspective on search engine technology and the WWW (2001) 0.19 
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    Abstract
    The World Wide Web is rapidly filling with more text than anyone could have imagined even a short time ago, but the task of isolating relevant parts of this vast information has become just that much more daunting. Richard Belew brings a cognitive perspective to the study of information retrieval as a discipline within computer science. He introduces the idea of Finding Out About (FDA) as the process of actively seeking out information relevant to a topic of interest and describes its many facets - ranging from creating a good characterization of what the user seeks, to what documents actually mean, to methods of inferring semantic clues about each document, to the problem of evaluating whether our search engines are performing as we have intended. Finding Out About explains how to build the tools that are useful for searching collections of text and other media. In the process it takes a close look at the properties of textual documents that do not become clear until very large collections of them are brought together and shows that the construction of effective search engines requires knowledge of the statistical and mathematical properties of linguistic phenomena, as well as an appreciation for the cognitive foundation we bring to the task as language users. The unique approach of this book is its even handling of the phenomena of both numbers and words, making it accessible to a wide audience. The textbook is usable in both undergraduate and graduate classes on information retrieval, library science, and computational linguistics. The text is accompanied by a CD-ROM that contains a hypertext version of the book, including additional topics and notes not present in the printed edition. In addition, the CD contains the full text of C.J. "Keith" van Rijsbergen's famous textbook, Information Retrieval (now out of print). Many active links from Belew's to van Rijsbergen's hypertexts help to unite the material. Several test corpora and indexing tools are provided, to support the design of your own search engine. Additional exercises using these corpora and code are available to instructors. Also supporting this book is a Web site that will include recent additions to the book, as well as links to sites of new topics and methods.
    LCSH
    Search engines / Programming
    World Wide Web / Computer programs
    Web search engines
    RSWK
    Suchmaschine / World Wide Web / Information Retrieval
    Subject
    Suchmaschine / World Wide Web / Information Retrieval
    Search engines / Programming
    World Wide Web / Computer programs
    Web search engines
  4. Berry, M.W.; Browne, M.: Understanding search engines : mathematical modeling and text retrieval (1999) 0.13 
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    Abstract
    This book discusses many of the key design issues for building search engines and emphazises the important role that applied mathematics can play in improving information retrieval. The authors discuss not only important data structures, algorithms, and software but also user-centered issues such as interfaces, manual indexing, and document preparation. They also present some of the current problems in information retrieval that many not be familiar to applied mathematicians and computer scientists and some of the driving computational methods (SVD, SDD) for automated conceptual indexing
    LCSH
    Web search engines
    Text processing (Computer science)
    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine / Mathematisches Modell (BVB)
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine / Mathematisches Modell (BVB)
    Web search engines
    Text processing (Computer science)
  5. Erlhofer, S.: Suchmaschinen-Optimierung für Webentwickler : Grundlagen, Funktionsweisen und Ranking-Optimierung (2005) 0.12 
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    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
    Suchmaschine / Web Site / Ranking
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
    Suchmaschine / Web Site / Ranking
  6. Web work : Information seeking and knowledge work on the World Wide Web (2000) 0.10 
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  7. Erlhofer, S.: Suchmaschinen-Optimierung für Webentwickler : Grundlagen, Ranking optimieren, Tipps und Tricks; Neu: Keyword-Recherche, TYPO3-Optimierung, Usability (2006) 0.09 
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    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
    Suchmaschine / Web Site / Ranking
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
    Suchmaschine / Web Site / Ranking
  8. Sherman, C.: Google power : Unleash the full potential of Google (2005) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    With this title, readers learn to push the search engine to its limits and extract the best content from Google, without having to learn complicated code. "Google Power" takes Google users under the hood, and teaches them a wide range of advanced web search techniques, through practical examples. Its content is organised by topic, so reader learns how to conduct in-depth searches on the most popular search topics, from health to government listings to people.
    LCSH
    Web search engines
    World Wide Web
    Subject
    Web search engines
    World Wide Web
  9. Web-2.0-Dienste als Ergänzung zu algorithmischen Suchmaschinen (2008) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    Mit sozialen Suchdiensten - wie z. B. Yahoo Clever, Lycos iQ oder Mister Wong - ist eine Ergänzung und teilweise sogar eine Konkurrenz zu den bisherigen Ansätzen in der Web-Suche entstanden. Während Google und Co. automatisch generierte Trefferlisten bieten, binden soziale Suchdienste die Anwender zu Generierung der Suchergebnisse in den Suchprozess ein. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Buch der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit soziale Suchdienste mit traditionellen Suchmaschinen konkurrieren oder diese qualitativ ergänzen können. Der vorliegende Band beleuchtet die hier aufgeworfene Fragestellung aus verschiedenen Perspektiven, um auf die Bedeutung von sozialen Suchdiensten zu schließen.
    Issue
    Ergebnisse des Fachprojektes "Einbindung von Frage-Antwort-Diensten in die Web-Suche" am Department Information der Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (WS 2007/2008).
    RSWK
    World Wide Web 2.0 / Suchmaschine
    Subject
    World Wide Web 2.0 / Suchmaschine
  10. Next generation search engines : advanced models for information retrieval (2012) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    The main goal of this book is to transfer new research results from the fields of advanced computer sciences and information science to the design of new search engines. The readers will have a better idea of the new trends in applied research. The achievement of relevant, organized, sorted, and workable answers- to name but a few - from a search is becoming a daily need for enterprises and organizations, and, to a greater extent, for anyone. It does not consist of getting access to structural information as in standard databases; nor does it consist of searching information strictly by way of a combination of key words. It goes far beyond that. Whatever its modality, the information sought should be identified by the topics it contains, that is to say by its textual, audio, video or graphical contents. This is not a new issue. However, recent technological advances have completely changed the techniques being used. New Web technologies, the emergence of Intranet systems and the abundance of information on the Internet have created the need for efficient search and information access tools.
    Recent technological progress in computer science, Web technologies, and constantly evolving information available on the Internet has drastically changed the landscape of search and access to information. Web search has significantly evolved in recent years. In the beginning, web search engines such as Google and Yahoo! were only providing search service over text documents. Aggregated search was one of the first steps to go beyond text search, and was the beginning of a new era for information seeking and retrieval. These days, new web search engines support aggregated search over a number of vertices, and blend different types of documents (e.g., images, videos) in their search results. New search engines employ advanced techniques involving machine learning, computational linguistics and psychology, user interaction and modeling, information visualization, Web engineering, artificial intelligence, distributed systems, social networks, statistical analysis, semantic analysis, and technologies over query sessions. Documents no longer exist on their own; they are connected to other documents, they are associated with users and their position in a social network, and they can be mapped onto a variety of ontologies. Similarly, retrieval tasks have become more interactive and are solidly embedded in a user's geospatial, social, and historical context. It is conjectured that new breakthroughs in information retrieval will not come from smarter algorithms that better exploit existing information sources, but from new retrieval algorithms that can intelligently use and combine new sources of contextual metadata.
    With the rapid growth of web-based applications, such as search engines, Facebook, and Twitter, the development of effective and personalized information retrieval techniques and of user interfaces is essential. The amount of shared information and of social networks has also considerably grown, requiring metadata for new sources of information, like Wikipedia and ODP. These metadata have to provide classification information for a wide range of topics, as well as for social networking sites like Twitter, and Facebook, each of which provides additional preferences, tagging information and social contexts. Due to the explosion of social networks and other metadata sources, it is an opportune time to identify ways to exploit such metadata in IR tasks such as user modeling, query understanding, and personalization, to name a few. Although the use of traditional metadata such as html text, web page titles, and anchor text is fairly well-understood, the use of category information, user behavior data, and geographical information is just beginning to be studied. This book is intended for scientists and decision-makers who wish to gain working knowledge about search engines in order to evaluate available solutions and to dialogue with software and data providers.
    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: Das, A., A. Jain: Indexing the World Wide Web: the journey so far. Ke, W.: Decentralized search and the clustering paradox in large scale information networks. Roux, M.: Metadata for search engines: what can be learned from e-Sciences? Fluhr, C.: Crosslingual access to photo databases. Djioua, B., J.-P. Desclés u. M. Alrahabi: Searching and mining with semantic categories. Ghorbel, H., A. Bahri u. R. Bouaziz: Fuzzy ontologies building platform for Semantic Web: FOB platform. Lassalle, E., E. Lassalle: Semantic models in information retrieval. Berry, M.W., R. Esau u. B. Kiefer: The use of text mining techniques in electronic discovery for legal matters. Sleem-Amer, M., I. Bigorgne u. S. Brizard u.a.: Intelligent semantic search engines for opinion and sentiment mining. Hoeber, O.: Human-centred Web search.
    Vert, S.: Extensions of Web browsers useful to knowledge workers. Chen, L.-C.: Next generation search engine for the result clustering technology. Biskri, I., L. Rompré: Using association rules for query reformulation. Habernal, I., M. Konopík u. O. Rohlík: Question answering. Grau, B.: Finding answers to questions, in text collections or Web, in open domain or specialty domains. Berri, J., R. Benlamri: Context-aware mobile search engine. Bouidghaghen, O., L. Tamine: Spatio-temporal based personalization for mobile search. Chaudiron, S., M. Ihadjadene: Studying Web search engines from a user perspective: key concepts and main approaches. Karaman, F.: Artificial intelligence enabled search engines (AIESE) and the implications. Lewandowski, D.: A framework for evaluating the retrieval effectiveness of search engines.
    LCSH
    User interfaces (Computer systems)
    Subject
    User interfaces (Computer systems)
  11. Lewandowski, D.: Suchmaschinen verstehen : 3. vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Aufl. (2021) 0.05 
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    RSWK
    World Wide Web Recherche
    Subject
    World Wide Web Recherche
  12. Alby, T.; Karzauninkat, S.: Suchmaschinenoptimierung : professionelles Website-Marketing für besseres Ranking ; [berücksichtigt Google Analytics] (2007) 0.05 
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    Classification
    ST 252 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierung, allgemein
    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
    Suchmaschine / Web Site / Ranking
    RVK
    ST 252 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierung, allgemein
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
    Suchmaschine / Web Site / Ranking
  13. Hübener, M.: Suchmaschinenoptimierung kompakt : anwendungsorientierte Techniken für die Praxis (2009) 0.05 
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    Content
    Einleitung - Grundlagen - Die Funktionsweise der Suchmaschinen - Die Besonderheiten der Suchmaschine Google - Multimedia im World Wide Web - Die Strukturierung einer Internetpräsenz - Der 9-Punkte-Optimierungsplan - Die Anwendung des Optimierungsplans am Beispiel www.still.de - Zusammenfassung
  14. Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen [1] : Nutzerorientierung in Wissenschaft und Praxis (2009) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    In diesem Handbuch steht die Nutzerorientierung im Vordergrund. Namhafte Autoren aus Wissenschaft und Praxis beschäftigen sich in 16 Kapiteln mit Web-Suchmaschinen, die die Vorreiter hinsichtlich des sich verändernden Nutzerverhaltens sind. Das bei Google und Co. erlernte Verhalten wird auf andere Suchsysteme übertragen: die Website-Suche, die Intranet-Suche und die Suche in Spezialsuchmaschinen und Fachdatenbanken. Für alle Anbieter von Informationssystemen wird es zunehmend wichtig, einerseits die Arbeitsweise von Suchmaschinen zu kennen, andererseits mit dem Verhalten Ihrer Nutzer vertraut zu sein. Auf der Seite der Wissenschaftler werden Informatiker, Informationswissenschaftler, Medienwissenschaftler und Bibliothekswissenschaftler angesprochen. Für Entwickler bietet dieses Handbuch einen Überblick über Möglichkeiten für Suchsysteme, gibt Anregungen für Umsetzung und zeigt anhand von bestehenden Lösungen, wie eine Umsetzung aussehen kann. Für Entscheider, Rechercheure und Informationsvermittler bietet das Buch lesbare Überblicksartikel zu relevanten Themenbereichen, auf deren Basis eine Strategie für individuelle Suchlösungen erarbeitet werden kann. Als dritte Praktiker gruppe sind u.a. Berater, Lehrer, Journalisten und Politiker zu nennen, die sich zu den wichtigsten Themen rund um die Suche informieren möchten.
    Content
    I. Suchmaschinenlandschaft Der Markt für Internet-Suchmaschinen - Christian Maaß, Andre Skusa, Andreas Heß und Gotthard Pietsch Typologie der Suchdienste im Internet - Joachim Griesbaum, Bernard Bekavac und Marc Rittberger Spezialsuchmaschinen - Dirk Lewandowski Suchmaschinenmarketing - Carsten D. Schultz II. Suchmaschinentechnologie Ranking-Verfahren für Web-Suchmaschinen - Philipp Dopichaj Programmierschnittstellen der kommerziellen Suchmaschinen - Fabio Tosques und Philipp Mayr Personalisierung der Internetsuche - Lösungstechniken und Marktüberblick - Kai Riemer und Fabian Brüggemann III. Nutzeraspekte Methoden der Erhebung von Nutzerdaten und ihre Anwendung in der Suchmaschinenforschung - Nadine Höchstötter Standards der Ergebnispräsentation - Dirk Lewandowski und Nadine Höchstötter Universal Search - Kontextuelle Einbindung von Ergebnissen unterschiedlicher Quellen und Auswirkungen auf das User Interface - Sonja Quirmbach Visualisierungen bei Internetsuchdiensten - Thomas Weinhold, Bernard Bekavac, Sonja Hierl, Sonja Öttl und Josef Herget IV. Recht und Ethik Datenschutz bei Suchmaschinen - Thilo Weichert Moral und Suchmaschinen - Karsten Weber V. Vertikale Suche Enterprise Search - Suchmaschinen für Inhalte im Unternehmen - Julian Bahrs Wissenschaftliche Dokumente in Suchmaschinen - Dirk Pieper und Sebastian Wolf Suchmaschinen für Kinder - Maria Zens, Friederike Silier und Otto Vollmers
    Footnote
    Vgl. auch: http://www.bui.haw-hamburg.de/164.html (Elektronische Ressource) Rez. in: IWP 60(2009) H.3, S.177-178 (L. Weisel): "Mit dem vorliegenden Handbuch will der Herausgeber, Prof. Dr. Dirk Lewandowksi von der Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg, nach eigenen Worten eine Lücke füllen. Er hat renommierte Autoren aus unterschiedlichen Fachcommunities aufgerufen, zu dem Thema "Suchmaschinen im Internet" ihre unterschiedlichen Perspektiven in Form von Übersichtsartikeln zusammenzuführen. So möchte er mit diesem Band den Austausch zwischen den Communities sowie zwischen Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern fördern. . . . Empfehlung Dem Handbuch "Internet-Suchmaschinen" wird eine breite Leserschaft aus Wissenschaft und Praxis des Suchens und Findens im Web gewünscht, es sollte bei allen Einrichtungen für die Ausbildung des Fachnachwuchses zum Repertoire gehören, um diesen kritisch an die Thematik heranzuführen. Das gedruckte Werk wird der Aktualität und dem Wandel in diesem sehr dynamischen Fachgebiet Tribut zollen müssen. Statt einer zeitnahen Zweitausgabe sei dem Herausgeber und dem Verlag hier der Weg der kontinuierlichen Ergänzung empfohlen: um die oben genannten fehlenden Beiträge, aber auch sich neu ententwickelnde Inhalte - in Form eines lebendigen Lehrbuches -auf der geeigneten elektronischen Plattform."
    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Online-Recherche / Suchmaschine
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Online-Recherche / Suchmaschine
  15. Filo, D.; Yang, J.: Yahoo! unplugged : Your discovery guide to the Web (1995) 0.04 
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    LCSH
    Web search engines
    Yahoo (Computer file)
    Subject
    Web search engines
    Yahoo (Computer file)
  16. Croft, W.B.; Metzler, D.; Strohman, T.: Search engines : information retrieval in practice (2010) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    For introductory information retrieval courses at the undergraduate and graduate level in computer science, information science and computer engineering departments. Written by a leader in the field of information retrieval, Search Engines: Information Retrieval in Practice, is designed to give undergraduate students the understanding and tools they need to evaluate, compare and modify search engines. Coverage of the underlying IR and mathematical models reinforce key concepts. The book's numerous programming exercises make extensive use of Galago, a Java-based open source search engine. SUPPLEMENTS / Extensive lecture slides (in PDF and PPT format) / Solutions to selected end of chapter problems (Instructors only) / Test collections for exercises / Galago search engine
    LCSH
    Search engines / Programming
    Subject
    Search engines / Programming
  17. Gugerli, D.: Suchmaschinen : die Welt als Datenbank (2009) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Plötzlich diese Übersicht. Milliarden von Seiten, in Sekundenbruchteilen durchsucht, als Trefferliste sauber angezeigt, mit der größten Selbstverständlichkeit sortiert nach Rang und Namen. Google bestimmt die Routinen des Alltags und ist dennoch nicht die Suchmaschine schlechthin. Auch außerhalb des World Wide Web gibt es zahllose, technisch hochgerüstete Prozeduren des Suchens. Die gegenwärtige Selbstverständlichkeit der einen Suchmaschine läßt leicht übersehen, daß Suchmaschinen einen Interessenkonflikt induzieren zwischen jenen, die sie einsetzen wollen, und jenen, auf die sie angesetzt werden. Ihr prekärer Status im Spannungsfeld zwischen Übersicht und Überwachung wird verdrängt. Anhand von vier Fallstudien zeigt David Gugerli die Entwicklung der Suchmaschine auf, von den frühen Fernseh-Ratespielen, von Robert Lembkes Unterhaltungsshow »Was bin ich?«, über Eduard Zimmermanns Fahndungssendung »Aktenzeichen XY« und Horst Herolds »Kybernetik der Polizei« bis zu der von Ted Codd ausgehenden Entwicklung der relationalen Datenbank. Während Lembke auf die Feststellung von Normalität ausgerichtet war, suchte Zimmermann die Devianz, Herold die Muster und Codd die allgemeingültige Such- und Abfragesprache für in Form gebrachte Wissensbestände, die man seit Mitte der sechziger Jahre Datenbanken nennt. »Die Geschichte der Suchmaschine ist eine eminent politische. Mit Suchmaschinen lassen sich Hoffnungen auf Fundamentaldemokratisierung und informationelle Emanzipation ebenso verbinden wie Horrorvisionen eines Orwellschen Überwachungsstaats, der über ein technokratisches Wissensmonopol verfügt.«
    LCSH
    Web search engines / Social aspects
    Subject
    Web search engines / Social aspects
  18. Web search engine research (2012) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    "Web Search Engine Research", edited by Dirk Lewandowski, provides an understanding of Web search engines from the unique perspective of Library and Information Science. The book explores a range of topics including retrieval effectiveness, user satisfaction, the evaluation of search interfaces, the impact of search on society, reliability of search results, query log analysis, user guidance in the search process, and the influence of search engine optimization (SEO) on results quality. While research in computer science has mainly focused on technical aspects of search engines, LIS research is centred on users' behaviour when using search engines and how this interaction can be evaluated. LIS research provides a unique perspective in intermediating between the technical aspects, user aspects and their impact on their role in knowledge acquisition. This book is directly relevant to researchers and practitioners in library and information science, computer science, including Web researchers.
    LCSH
    Web search engines
    Subject
    Web search engines
  19. Gossen, T.: Search engines for children : search user interfaces and information-seeking behaviour (2016) 0.03 
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    Content
    Inhalt: Acknowledgments; Abstract; Zusammenfassung; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Acronyms; Chapter 1 Introduction ; 1.1 Research Questions; 1.2 Thesis Outline; Part I Fundamentals ; Chapter 2 Information Retrieval for Young Users ; 2.1 Basics of Information Retrieval; 2.1.1 Architecture of an IR System; 2.1.2 Relevance Ranking; 2.1.3 Search User Interfaces; 2.1.4 Targeted Search Engines; 2.2 Aspects of Child Development Relevant for Information Retrieval Tasks; 2.2.1 Human Cognitive Development; 2.2.2 Information Processing Theory; 2.2.3 Psychosocial Development 2.3 User Studies and Evaluation2.3.1 Methods in User Studies; 2.3.2 Types of Evaluation; 2.3.3 Evaluation with Children; 2.4 Discussion; Chapter 3 State of the Art ; 3.1 Children's Information-Seeking Behaviour; 3.1.1 Querying Behaviour; 3.1.2 Search Strategy; 3.1.3 Navigation Style; 3.1.4 User Interface; 3.1.5 Relevance Judgement; 3.2 Existing Algorithms and User Interface Concepts for Children; 3.2.1 Query; 3.2.2 Content; 3.2.3 Ranking; 3.2.4 Search Result Visualisation; 3.3 Existing Information Retrieval Systems for Children; 3.3.1 Digital Book Libraries; 3.3.2 Web Search Engines 3.4 Summary and DiscussionPart II Studying Open Issues ; Chapter 4 Usability of Existing Search Engines for Young Users ; 4.1 Assessment Criteria; 4.1.1 Criteria for Matching the Motor Skills; 4.1.2 Criteria for Matching the Cognitive Skills; 4.2 Results; 4.2.1 Conformance with Motor Skills; 4.2.2 Conformance with the Cognitive Skills; 4.2.3 Presentation of Search Results; 4.2.4 Browsing versus Searching; 4.2.5 Navigational Style; 4.3 Summary and Discussion; Chapter 5 Large-scale Analysis of Children's Queries and Search Interactions; 5.1 Dataset; 5.2 Results; 5.3 Summary and Discussion Chapter 6 Differences in Usability and Perception of Targeted Web Search Engines between Children and Adults 6.1 Related Work; 6.2 User Study; 6.3 Study Results; 6.4 Summary and Discussion; Part III Tackling the Challenges ; Chapter 7 Search User Interface Design for Children ; 7.1 Conceptual Challenges and Possible Solutions; 7.2 Knowledge Journey Design; 7.3 Evaluation; 7.3.1 Study Design; 7.3.2 Study Results; 7.4 Voice-Controlled Search: Initial Study; 7.4.1 User Study; 7.5 Summary and Discussion; Chapter 8 Addressing User Diversity ; 8.1 Evolving Search User Interface 8.1.1 Mapping Function8.1.2 Evolving Skills; 8.1.3 Detection of User Abilities; 8.1.4 Design Concepts; 8.2 Adaptation of a Search User Interface towards User Needs; 8.2.1 Design & Implementation; 8.2.2 Search Input; 8.2.3 Result Output; 8.2.4 General Properties; 8.2.5 Configuration and Further Details; 8.3 Evaluation; 8.3.1 Study Design; 8.3.2 Study Results; 8.3.3 Preferred UI Settings; 8.3.4 User satisfaction; 8.4 Knowledge Journey Exhibit; 8.4.1 Hardware; 8.4.2 Frontend; 8.4.3 Backend; 8.5 Summary and Discussion; Chapter 9 Supporting Visual Searchers in Processing Search Results 9.1 Related Work
    Date
    1. 2.2016 18:25:22
    LCSH
    Computer science
    User interfaces (Computer systems)
    Series
    Study in computer science and media design
    Subject
    Computer science
    User interfaces (Computer systems)
  20. Lewandowski, D.: Web Information Retrieval : Technologien zur Informationssuche im Internet (2005) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Verfahren des Information Retrieval haben in den letzten Jahren eine enorme Bedeutung erlangt. Während diese Verfahren jahrzehntelang nur Einsatz in spezialisierten Datenbanken fanden, haben sie durch das Aufkommen von Suchmaschinen im World Wide Web mittlerweile eine zentrale Bedeutung in der Informationsversorgung eingenommen. Verfahren des Web Information Retrieval entscheiden darüber, welche Informationen von Nutzern gefunden werden; man spricht auch von einer "Gatekeeper"-Funktion der Suchmaschinen. Diese sind zum bedeutendsten Rechercheinstrument sowohl im privaten, beruflichen als auch wissenschaftlichen Bereich avanciert. Google, die berühmteste der "Information-Retrieval-Firmen", ist fast täglich in den Schlagzeilen zu finden. Immer neue Innovationen (nicht nur dieses Anbieters) zeigen die Web-Suche als dynamisches Feld. Vor allem wird durch die zahlreichen Neuerungen der letzten Jahre, teilweise erst der letzten Monate, deutlich, dass die Suche im Web trotz ihrer mittlerweile fast zehnjährigen Geschichte erst am Anfang steht. Dass dem Web Information Retrieval eine hohe Bedeutung zugemessen wird, zeigt sich auch im wachsenden Interesse kommerzieller Unternehmen an diesem Thema. Ein Blick auf die Sponsorenliste der letztjährigen Konferenz der ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval mag dies verdeutlichen: Neben den wichtigen Suchmaschinen-Anbietern Google, Microsoft, Yahoo und Ask Jeeves finden sich auch Großunternehmen wie IBM, Canon und Sharp. Auch in der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion sind die Suchmaschinen angekommen: Es findet gegenwärtig eine Diskussion um die "Google-Gesellschaft" statt, wobei gefragt wird, inwieweit ein einzelner Anbieter bzw. wenige Anbieter darüber entscheiden sollten, welche Informationen beim Nutzer angelangen. In dieser Hinsicht befassen sich inzwischen auch politische Parteien mit dem Thema. So publizierte etwa die Gründe Bundestagsfraktion ein Diskussionspapier unter dem Titel "Suchmaschinen: Tore zum Netz", in welchem unter anderem die Rolle der Suchmaschinen beim Zugang zu Informationen und Probleme des Datenschutzes bei der Suchmaschinennutzung angesprochen werden.
    Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt auf einer eher technischen Ebene an und bietet die Grundlagen für das Verständnis der Funktionsweise und der Defizite von Web-Suchmaschinen. Während zum klassischen Information Retrieval eine breite Auswahl an Literatur vorliegt, gibt es bisher kein Werk, welches eine umfassende Darstellung des Web Information Retrieval mit seinen Unterscheidungen und Besonderheiten gegenüber dem "klassischen" Information Retrieval bietet. Monographien zum Thema Suchmaschinen behandeln vor allem deren Suchfunktionen oder konzentrieren sich allein auf algorithmische Aspekte des Web Information Retrieval. Die Forschungslitertaur liegt zum überwältigenden Teil nur in englischer Sprache vor; die Forschung selbst findet zu einem großen Teil in den USA statt. Aus diesem Grund werden Spezifika anderer Sprachen als des Englischen sowie Besonderheiten auf nationaler oder gar kontinentaler Ebene vernachlässigt. Die Konsequenzen, die sich aus den Besonderheiten des Web Information Re¬trieval ergeben, wurden bisher nur unzureichend erkannt. Suchmaschinen orientieren sich noch stark am klassischen Information Retrieval, wenn auch teils eigene Rankingkriterien gefunden wurden, vor allem die Ergänzung der klassischen Faktoren durch eine Art der Qualitätsbewertung der indexierten Dokumente. Die Arbeit soll aufzeigen, welche Schritte nötig sind, um Web Information Retrieval vor allem auch in Hinblick auf die Charakteristika der Suchmaschinen-Nutzer effektiv zu gestalten. Die Verfahren des klassischen Information Retrieval versagen hier, da sie einerseits von einer gepflegten Dokumentenkollektion, andererseits von einem geschulten Nutzer ausgehen. Suchmaschinen haben mit Problemen des sog. Index-Spamming zu kämpfen: Hierbei werden (oft in kommerziellem Interesse) inhaltlich wertlose Dokumente erstellt, die in den Trefferlisten der Suchmaschinen auf den vorderen Rängen angezeigt werden sollen, um Nutzer auf eine bestimmte Webseite zu lenken. Zwar existieren Verfahren, die ein solches Spamming verhindern sollen, allerdings können auch diese das Problem lediglich eindämmen, nicht aber verhindern. Das Problem ließe sich wenigstens zum Teil durch die Nutzer lösen, wenn diese gezielte Suchanfragen stellen würden, die solche irrelevanten Treffer ausschließen würden. Allerdings zeigt die Nutzerforschung einheitlich, dass das Wissen der Nutzer über die von ihnen verwendeten Suchmaschinen ausgesprochen gering ist; dies gilt sowohl für ihre Kenntnisse der Funktionsweise der Suchmaschinen als auch die Kenntnis der Suchfunktionen.
    Die Arbeit konzentriert sich neben der Darstellung des Forschungsstands im Bereich des Web Information Retrieval auf einen nutzerzentrierten Ansatz des Aufbaus von Suchmaschinen, der sich aus dem Retrieval in klassischen Datenbanken herleitet. Als zentral für eine erfolgreiche Recherche wird dabei die Möglichkeit der gezielten Beschränkung der Recherche durch den Nutzer gesehen; die wichtigsten Faktoren sind hierbei die Einschränkung nach Aktualität, Qualität und die verbesserte Dokumentauswahl aufgrund einer erweiterten Dokumentrepräsentation. Alle drei Möglichkeiten sind in bisher verfügbaren Suchmaschinen nicht zufrieden stellend implementiert. Ein Problem bei der Bearbeitung des Themas ergab sich aus der Tatsache, dass die Forschung im Bereich Web Information Retrieval zu einem großen Teil bei den Anbietern selbst stattfindet, die darauf bedacht sind, ihre Erkenntnisse nicht zu veröffentlichen und damit der Konkurrenz zu überlassen. Viele Forschungsergebnisse können daher nur anhand der fertiggestellten Anwendungen rekonstruiert werden; hilfreich waren in manchen Fällen auch die von den Suchmaschinenbetreibern angemeldeten Patente, die für die vorliegende Arbeit ausgewertet wurden. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass eine neue Form des Information Retrieval entstanden ist. Ziele des klassischen Information Retrieval wie die Vollständigkeit der Treffermenge verlieren ob der schieren Masse der zurückgegebenen Treffer an Bedeutung; dafür werden Faktoren der Qualitätsbewertung der Dokumente immer wichtiger. Das Web Information Retrieval setzt auf dem klassischen Information Retrieval auf und erweitert dieses wo nötig. Das Ziel bleibt aber weitgehend das gleiche: Dem Nutzer die für die Befriedigung seines Informationsbedürfnisses besten Ergebnisse zu liefern. Neben der Informationswissenschaft findet die Information-Retrieval-Forschung hauptsächlich in der Informatik statt. Der informationswissenschaftlichen Forschung kommt die Aufgabe zu, den stark technik-zentrierten Ansatz der Informatik um einen "Blick fürs Ganze" zu erweitern und insbesondere die Bedürfnisse der Nutzer in ihren Ansatz einzubinden. Aufgrund der enormen Bedeutung des Web Information Retrieval, welches in den klassischen informationswissenschaftlichen Bereich fällt, ergibt sich für die Informationswissenschaft auch die Chance, sich in diesem Thema gegenüber anderen Disziplinen zu profilieren. Zum Aufbau der Arbeit Die Arbeit lässt sich grob in zwei Hauptteile gliedern: Der erste Teil (Kap. 2-10) beschreibt den Bereich Web Information Retrieval mit allen seinen Besonderheiten in Abgrenzung zum klassischen Information Retrieval; der zweite Teil (Kap. 11-13) stellt anhand der Ergebnisse des ersten Teils einen nutzerzentrierten Ansatz der Rechercheverfeinerung in mehreren Schritten vor.
    Content
    Inhalt: 1 Einleitung 2 Forschungsumfeld 2.1 Suchmaschinen-Markt 2.2 Formen der Suche im WWW 2.3 Aufbau algorithmischer Suchmaschinen 2.4 Abfragesprachen 2.5 Arten von Suchanfragen 2.6 Nutzerstudien 2.7 Forschungsbereiche 3 Die Größe des Web und seine Abdeckung durch Suchmaschinen 3.1 Die Größe des indexierbaren Web 3.2 Die Struktur des Web 3.3 Crawling 3.4 Aktualität der Suchmaschinen 3.5 Das Invisible Web 4 Strukturinformationen 4.1 Strukturierungsgrad von Dokumenten 4.2 Strukturinformationen in den im Web gängigen Dokumenten 4.3 Trennung von Navigation, Layout und Inhalt 4.4 Repräsentation der Dokumente in den Datenbanken der Suchmaschinen 5 Klassische Verfahren des Information Retrieval und ihre Anwendung bei WWW-Suchmaschinen 5.1 Unterschiede zwischen klassischem Information Retrieval und Web Information Retrieval 5.2 Kontrolliertes Vokabular 5.3 Kriterien für die Aufnahme in den Datenbestand 5.4 Modelle des Information Retrieval 6 Ranking 6.1 Rankingfaktoren 6.2 Messbarkeit von Relevanz 6.3 Grundsätzliche Probleme des Relevance Ranking in Suchmaschinen
    7 Informationsstatistische und informationslinguistische Verfahren 7.1 Textstatistische Verfahren 7.2 Nutzungsstatistische Verfahren 7.3 Informationslinguistische Verfahren 8 Linktopologische Rankingverfahren 8.1 Grundlagen linktopologischer Rankingverfahren: Science Citation Indexing 8.2 PageRank 8.3 Kleinbergs HITS 8.4 Hilltop 8.5 Evaluierung linktopologischer Verfahren 8.6 Problembereiche linktopologischer Rankingverfahren 8.7 Fazit linktopologische Verfahren 9 Retrievaltests 9.1 Aufbau und Nutzen von Retrievaltests 9.2 Aufbau und Ergebnisse ausgewählter Retrievaltests 9.3 Kritik an Retrievaltests 10 Verfahren der intuitiven Benutzerführung 10.1 Relevance Feedback 10.2 Vorschläge zur Erweiterung und Einschränkung der Suchanfrage 10.3 Klassifikation und Thesaurus 10.4 Clusterbildung 11 Aktualität 11.1 Bedeutung der Beschränkung nach der Aktualität der Dokumente 11.2 Funktionsfähigkeit der Datumsbeschränkung in Suchmaschinen 11.3 Möglichkeiten der Ermittlung von Datumsangaben in Web-Dokumenten 11.4 Aktualitätsfaktoren im Ranking 11.5 Spezialisierte Suchmaschinen für Nachrichten 11.6 Auswahl der gewünschten Aktualität durch den Nutzer 12 Qualität 12.1 Bedeutung der Beschränkung nach der Qualität der Dokumente 12.2 Qualitätsbeschränkungen bei der Recherche in Datenbank-Hosts 12.3 Identifizierung von Top-Quellen im WWW 12.4 Manuelle Einbindung von Top-Quellen 12.5 Automatisierte Einbindung von Invisible-Web-Quellen 12.6 Einbindung von Web-Verzeichnissen in Suchmaschinen 13 Verbesserung der Dokumentrepräsentation 13.1 Beschränkung auf den Inhaltsteil der Dokumente 13.2 Erweiterungen der Dokumentrepräsentation 13.3 Ersatz für die Nicht-Verwendbarkeit generischer Top-Level-Domains 13.4 Aufbereitung der Suchergebnisse in den Trefferlisten 14 Fazit und Ausblick 15 Literaturverzeichnis

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  • e 31
  • d 21

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