Search (63 results, page 2 of 4)

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:20:07

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:19:01

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:17:40

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Date

26.10.2008 19:31:22

Source

Mitteilungsblatt der Bibliotheken in Niedersachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt. 2008, H.139, S.22-24

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Abstract

Computers have become our companions in many of the activities we pursue in our life. They assist us, in particular, in searching relevant information that is needed to perform a variety of tasks, from professional usage to personal entertainment. They hold this information in a huge number of heterogeneous sources, either dedicated to a specific user community (e.g., enterprise databases) or maintained for the general public (e.g., websites and digital libraries). Whereas progress in basic information technology is nowadays capable of guaranteeing effective information management, information retrieval and dissemination has become a core issue that needs further accomplishments to achieve user satisfaction. The research communities in databases, information retrieval, information visualization, and human-computer interaction have already largely investigated these domains. However, the technical environment has so dramatically evolved in recent years, inducing a parallel and very significant evolution in user habits and expectations, that new approaches are definitely needed to meet current demand. One of the most evident and significant changes is the human-computer interaction paradigm. Traditional interactions relayed an programming to express user information requirements in formal code and an textual output to convey to users the information extracted by the system. Except for professional data-intensive application frameworks, still in the hands of computer speciahsts, we have basically moved away from this pattern both in terms of expressing information requests and conveying results. The new goal is direct interaction with the final user (the person who is looking for information and is not necessarily familiar with computer technology). The key motto to achieve this is "go visual." The well-known high bandwidth of the human-vision channel allows both recognition and understanding of large quantities of information in no more than a few seconds. Thus, for instance, if the result of an information request can be organized as a visual display, or a sequence of visual displays, the information throughput is immensely superior to the one that can be achieved using textual support. User interaction becomes an iterative query-answer game that very rapidly leads to the desired final result. Conversely, the system can provide efficient visual support for easy query formulation. Displaying a visual representation of the information space, for instance, lets users directly point at the information they are looking for, without any need to be trained into the complex syntax of current query languages. Alternatively, users can navigate in the information space, following visible paths that will lead them to the targeted items. Again, thanks to the visual support, users are able to easily understand how to formulate queries and they are likely to achieve the task more rapidly and less prone to errors than with traditional textual interaction modes.

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Abstract

A novel and complex form of information access is cross-language information retrieval: searching for texts written in foreign languages based on native language queries. Although the underlying technology for achieving such a search is relatively well understood, the appropriate interface design is not. The authors present three user evaluations undertaken during the iterative design of Clarity, a cross-language retrieval system for lowdensity languages, and shows how the user-interaction design evolved depending on the results of usability tests. The first test was instrumental to identify weaknesses in both functionalities and interface; the second was run to determine if query translation should be shown or not; the final was a global assessment and focused on user satisfaction criteria. Lessons were learned at every stage of the process leading to a much more informed view of what a cross-language retrieval system should offer to users.

Footnote

Beitrag einer special topic section on multilingual information systems

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Abstract

This paper reports the results of a study that investigated Arabic-speaking children's interaction with the International Children's Digital Library (ICDL) to find Arabic books on four tasks. Children's information seeking activities was captured by using HyperCam software. Children's success was assessed based on a measure the researchers developed. Children's perceptions of and affective experience in using the ICDL was gathered through group interviews. Findings revealed that children's information seeking behavior was characterized by browsing using a single function; that is, looking under "Arabic" from the Simple interface pull-down menu. Children were more successful on the fully self-generated, open-ended task than on the assigned and semi-assigned tasks. Children made suggestions for improving the Arabic collection and the design of the ICDL. The findings have implications for practitioners, researchers, and system designers.

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Abstract

Yu and Roh investigate the effects of providing a simple menu, a global and local navigation menu, and a pull-down menu on searching and browsing speed, as well as the user's perception of the appeal of each menu form and the degree of disorientation it might cause. The site was a shopping center with items and prices that could be approached by way of a simple menu with a hierarchal structure, a menu which retained global links across the top of the screen, with local links in a frame to the left, or a pull down menu design. Each of 21 student subjects was given ten searching and five browsing tasks assigned in three treatments, and responded to a post exercise questionnaire using a five point Likert scale on attitude toward the menus. Time was measured from the subjects' indication of starting until the price was provided, and the procedure repeated three times over a three-week interval with treatment switching. A repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant difference among the designs on search speed with the pull-down menu leading the other two. In browsing speed pull-down and global/local were not significantly different but both bettered the simple menu. Attitude and disorientation showed no significant differences.

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Abstract

Past research has proved that graphical user interfaces (GUIs) can significantly improve the effectiveness of the information access task. Our work is based on the consideration that structured document retrieval requires different user graphical interfaces from standard information retrieval. In structured document retrieval a GUI has to enable a user to query, browse retrieved documents, provide query refinement and relevance feedback based not only on full documents, but also on specific document parts in relation to the document structure. In this paper, we present a new GUI for structured document retrieval specifically designed for hierarchically structured documents. A user task-oriented evaluation has shown that the proposed interface provides the user with an intuitive and powerful set of tools for structured document searching, retrieved list navigation, and search refinement.

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Abstract

Recording search histories, presenting them to the searcher, and building additional interface tools on them offer many opportunities for supporting user tasks in information seeking and use. This study investigated the use of search history information in legal information seeking. Qualitative methods were used to explore how attorneys and law librarians used their memory and external memory aids while searching for information and in transferring to information use. Based on the findings, interface design recommendations were made for information systems. Results of the study from the legal user group presented evidence of the usefulness of search histories and history-based interface tools. Both user manifestations and researcher observations revealed that searchers need historical information in information seeking. Search histories were found to be useful in many user tasks: memory support, search system use, information seeking, information use, task management, task integration, and collaboration. Integrating information across various user tasks and collaborating with others are extensions of traditional information-seeking and use models. These findings encouraged the design of user interface tools and guidelines building on search history information.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usability of a web-based OPAC (WebPAC) user interface at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). It also looks at the applicability of heuristic evaluation in designing a user-centered WebPAC interface. Design/methodology/approach - Based on Nielsen's ten usability heuristic principles, the study focuses on three heuristics only, i.e. aesthetic and minimalist design, match between interface and the real world, and visibility of interface status. Findings - Results of the study found that the WebPAC interface conforms to at least 70 percent usability properties prescribed. Usability problems violated in the interface were identified. Practical implications - The study suggests that heuristic evaluation is applicable in libraries to asses the usability of user interface for online catalogs. Originality/value - Heuristic evaluation could assist libraries in designing user-centered interface for online catalogs.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Special Sections on Accessibility and OPAC"

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Date

15.12.2000 20:22:37

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Abstract

Adaptive interfaces have received much criticism because adaptation and automatic assistance generally contradict the principles of direct-manipulation interfaces. In addition, their success depends highly on the ability of user models to capture the goals and needs of the users. As the construction of user models is often based on poor evidence, even the most advanced learning algorithms may fail to infer accurately the user goals. Previous research has put little emphasis on investigating usability problems of adaptive systems and developing interaction techniques that could resolve these problems. This paper examines these problems and presents an interaction model for adaptive hypermedia (AH) that merges adaptive support and direct manipulation. This approach is built upon a new content adaptation technique that derives from fisheye views. This adaptation technique supports incremental and continuous adjustments of the adaptive views of hypermedia documents and balances between focus and context. By combining this technique with visual representations and controllers of user models, we form a twofold interaction model that enables users to move quickly between adaptation and direct control. Two preliminary user studies exhibit the strengths of our proposed interaction model and adaptation technique. Future extensions to our work are outlined based on the weaknesses and limitations that the studies revealed.

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Abstract

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the effects of different search and browse features in digital libraries (DLs) on task interactions, and what features would lead to poor user experience. Design/methodology/approach - Three operational DLs: ACM, IEEE CS, and IEEE Xplore are used in this study. These three DLs present different features in their search and browsing designs. Two information-seeking tasks are constructed: one search task and one browsing task. An experiment was conducted in a usability laboratory. Data from 35 participants are collected on a set of measures for user interactions. Findings - The results demonstrate significant differences in many aspects of the user interactions between the three DLs. For both search and browse designs, the features that lead to poor user interactions are identified. Research limitations/implications - User interactions are affected by specific design features in DLs. Some of the design features may lead to poor user performance and should be improved. The study was limited mainly in the variety and the number of tasks used. Originality/value - The study provided empirical evidence to the effects of interaction design features in DLs on user interactions and performance. The results contribute to our knowledge about DL designs in general and about the three operational DLs in particular.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine whether a faceted OPAC interface offers improvements to information discovery in scholarly research. Design/methodology/approach - The 5.2 million records of an entire library catalog were loaded into a faceted navigation interface and an attractive search term suggestion tool. Humanities PhD students at the dissertation level and familiar with this collection were observed while using this interface to continue their research into the literature on their dissertation topic. Findings - From a group of 12 subjects, nine reported finding materials that they had not found in their previous use of the traditional catalog interface. Research limitations/implications - No attempt is made to isolate the effects of relevance ranking on discovery from those of faceted navigation or the search term suggestions. The differences between the circumstances of scholars who did and did not find previously undiscovered materials are not examined. Practical implications - Faceted interface and search term suggestion in a library catalog may enable those scholars who are highly dependent on library materials to find materials that would remain hidden in a traditional library catalog. Originality/value - This article considers whether faceted navigation increases the range of relevant materials that scholars discover, and is of interest to libraries which are considering adding faceted navigation and other features to their catalog interface.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Special Sections on Accessibility and OPAC"

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Abstract

User-centered design (UCD) emerged a couple of decades ago because people had difficulties in using systems. It is founded on the principle that users need to be involved in the design and development process for systems to be truly usable-efficient, effective, and satisfying. This entry provides an account of the background-the technological and social forces that affect the evolution of systems development, an explanation of the theoretical foundation on which UCD is build, and a description of a typical UCD process.

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Editor

IFLA Task Force on Guidelines for OPACD Displays

Series

IFLA series on bibliographic control; vol. 27

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Abstract

The paper is laid out as follows: Part 1 discusses the emergence of, and theoretical justification for, the interface metaphor design principle; part 2 discusses roles for tropes in the communication of new concepts and information; part 3 reviews the case study on which the paper is based