Search (38 results, page 2 of 2)

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.18-21

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Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 29(1994), S.305-350

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Abstract

In the monastic library of the Middle Ages, the librarian was essentially a curator, a preserver of collections. For most of history libarians were little more than custodians. The idea of a librarian as a provider of services rather than a collector or preserver of materials, did not emerge until late in the 19th century. Computer and telecommunications technologies have revolutionized the library and greatly expanded the horizons of the librarian. Discusses the ways in which technology has affected the library profession and discusses the role of the librarian in the future. The librarian will increasingly become an information intermediary or information consultant and some will be knowledge engineers involved in the design and construction of information systems and in electronic publishing

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Abstract

In their rush to embrace the new technologies that have facilitated remote access to catalogues and document delivery services and are now ushering in the virtual library, librarians and users are unwittingly undermining the institution of the library. Suggests that the library is becoming invisible and its larger purposes risk being lost. At the same time, takes issue with the view that the great libraries of america are being 'trashed' by the rush towards technology and addresses some of the issues raised; such as how to balance the obligation to collect with the need to provide access, how to better serve the scholarly community, and how to enhance the library in the face of its declining visibility. Concludes by urging librarians, library users and funding authorities to discuss anew how the library may serve the intellectual needs of diverse users

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Abstract

The concept of a digital library has been stimulated by recent advances in computing technology. These developments hold the promise of transforming libraries into interactive centres of learning and research by virtue of inexpensive digital storage, easy-to-use search engines, and powerful computing hardware. However, libraries are handicapped in their move to digital collections by enormous legal problems in securing rights to much of the current literature. Solutions to this dilemma are not on the immediate horizon, but eventually will include changes in the current copyright law and technological arrangements to protect the interests of the owners of intellectual property. Suggests that librarians might find a more valuable role not in getting information to an electronic state, but in being its organizers and facilitators

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Abstract

Presents views on the general theme of the advent of a future that may eliminate libraries. Describes the negative effects that the Information Age may bring and presents a vision in which the Age of Cyberspace might well rescue many developed and developing countries. Full, functional literacy might be achieved worldwide by means of the new information technology. Humanity could be liberated from ignorance through developments in communications and learning via the Cyberspace. Universal participation in democracy and human civilization may be made possible and there may be a global renaissance whereby all societies and individuals will take advantage of the technological advances, while avoiding losing their own authentic cultures and learning other faits, doctrines and cultural values in a spirit of tolerance and harmony

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Abstract

Digital image formats are now seen not only as feasible alternatives to print and microfilm formats for traditional preservation purposes, but also as the technology bearing the portential for unlimited access and distribution. Examines the requirements for browsing and exploration in the digital library of the future; and whether the open bookshelf model of a classified physical collection is suitable for the universal virtual library or whether new models of explanation are needed

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Date

22. 6.2018 13:47:33

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Abstract

Suggests that the public library system in America is unique among nations for universal accessibility and openness to knowledge at community level. Suggests 4 features are distinctive: continuous expansion of the body of knowledge; knowledge accessibility in a free society; libraries as 'temples of pluralism', and simultaneously a unifying force in communal relations. Ideals are threatened by the information flood generated by new technology, with its repercussions on the communal functions of libraries. The Library of Congress's National Digital Library aims at a leadership role in the new electronic environment

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.5, S.397-408

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Abstract

In a dynamic, information and technology-driven society, librarians can create new roles by assessing changes in their environment, the potential effect and ways to reposition themselves. Scenario building, literature reviews, situation analysis, speculation and forecasting may be used. Librarians have a good idea of what they can offer, but are often unable to reposition themselves in time. Reasons for this generally slow reaction are speculated on and the future role of librarians (including expected knowledge and skills) is briefly reviewed. An argument is then pursued on how an educational perspective that supports a constructivist-learning environment, portfolio assessment, and affective and metacognitive skills could support librarians in preparing for change. The value of task analysis, needs assessment, and market research are mentioned briefly. Apart from knowledge (cognitive level), teaching should focus on affective and metacognitive skills, decision-making abilities, environmental scanning, change management and the typical personality characteristics required to survive in the cyber age (e.g. assertiveness, self-confidence, creative thinking, and innovativeness).

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Abstract

The paper discusses the nature of values in general and the nature and utility of the values of librarianship. Delineates the changes that have occurred and are occurring in the wider world and the nature of change; also the importance of values in providing a framework for dealing with present and future change. Stresses the centrality of the human record to societal progress, the place of the human record in cultural heritage, and the central purpose of libraries in facilitating interaction with the human record and furthering the transmission of cultural heritage. Urges a turning away from the alien value systems of information technology, consumerism, materialism, and corporate management, and a consequent set of alliances between libraries and a wide range of cultural institutions and associations.

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Date

22. 1.2018 11:33:49

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Date

26. 4.2002 11:22:22

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Date

22. 7.2004 9:42:33

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Content

"Für Optimisten wie den amerikanischen Computerwissenschaftler Nicholas Negroponte bricht das kommende Digitalzeitalter wie eine Naturgewalt über uns herein. Als Zukunftsforscher kann ich jedoch nicht in den Tenor der üblichen kühnen Prophezeiungen der Medienbranche einstimmen. In Deutschland und den USA wird zwar viel über E-Commerce spekuliert. In Wirklichkeit nutzen aber die privaten Verbraucher dort Shopping, Reisebuchung und Bücherkauf per PC kaum (je unter 3 %), Hornebanking nur 5 % der Amerikaner und 3 % der Deutschen. Obwohl immer mehr Firmen online gehen, halten die Verbraucher weitgehend an ihren außerhäuslichen Konsumgewohnheiten fest. Bisher bietet das Netz gefühls- und erlebnismäßig einfach zu wenig. Auch 2010 werden über 90 % des privaten Verbrauchs nicht über OnlineGeschäfte getätigt. Selbst wenn sich der E-Commerce-Umsatz der privaten Verbraucher jährlich verdoppeln sollte, werden die Online-Geschäfte in Deutschland auch 2002 keine 3 % des Einzelhandelsumsatzes ausmachen (derzeit: 22 Milliarden Mark Einzelhandelsumsatz zu 2,5 Milliarden aus Online-Geschäften). Die Frage, warum Online-Shopping so wenig Resonanz findet, lässt sich auf folgende Ursachen zurückführen: Erlebniskonsum in den Shopping-Centern ist attraktiver; wachsende Ungeduld bei langem Laden der Website, Unzufriedenheit über verwirrend gestaltete Online-Shops, Enttäuschung über nicht verfügbare Produkte sowie Abbruch der Kaufabsicht, wenn das Shop-System abstürzt. Leider findet die digitale Revolution in Deutschland bisher fast nur auf Unternehmensseite statt, die Fragen nach den Bedürfnissen der Konsumenten bleiben weitgehend unbeantwortet.

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Content

This in turn will accelerate the already widening economic inequality around the world. The internet and the platforms which it makes possible allow very small groups of individuals to make enormous profits while employing very few people. This is inevitable, it is progress, but it is also socially destructive. We need to put this alongside the financial crash, which brought home to people that a very few individuals working in the financial sector can accrue huge rewards and that the rest of us underwrite that success and pick up the bill when their greed leads us astray. So taken together we are living in a world of widening, not diminishing, financial inequality, in which many people can see not just their standard of living, but their ability to earn a living at all, disappearing. It is no wonder then that they are searching for a new deal, which Trump and Brexit might have appeared to represent. It is also the case that another unintended consequence of the global spread of the internet and social media is that the stark nature of these inequalities are far more apparent than they have been in the past. For me, the ability to use technology to communicate has been a liberating and positive experience. Without it, I would not have been able to continue working these many years past. But it also means that the lives of the richest people in the most prosperous parts of the world are agonisingly visible to anyone, however poor and who has access to a phone. And since there are now more people with a telephone than access to clean water in Sub-Saharan Africa, this will shortly mean nearly everyone on our increasingly crowded planet will not be able to escape the inequality.
The consequences of this are plain to see; the rural poor flock to cities, to shanty towns, driven by hope. And then often, finding that the Instagram nirvana is not available there, they seek it overseas, joining the ever greater numbers of economic migrants in search of a better life. These migrants in turn place new demands on the infrastructures and economies of the countries in which they arrive, undermining tolerance and further fuelling political populism. For me, the really concerning aspect of this, is that now, more than at any time in our history, our species needs to work together. We face awesome environmental challenges. Climate change, food production, overpopulation, the decimation of other species, epidemic disease, acidification of the oceans. Together, they are a reminder that we are at the most dangerous moment in the development of humanity. We now have the technology to destroy the planet on which we live, but have not yet developed the ability to escape it. Perhaps in a few hundred years, we will have established human colonies amidst the stars, but right now we only have one planet, and we need to work together to protect it. To do that, we need to break down not build up barriers within and between nations. If we are to stand a chance of doing that, the world's leaders need to acknowledge that they have failed and are failing the many. With resources increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few, we are going to have to learn to share far more than at present. With not only jobs but entire industries disappearing, we must help people to re-train for a new world and support them financially while they do so. If communities and economies cannot cope with current levels of migration, we must do more to encourage global development, as that is the only way that the migratory millions will be persuaded to seek their future at home. We can do this, I am an enormous optimist for my species, but it will require the elites, from London to Harvard, from Cambridge to Hollywood, to learn the lessons of the past month. To learn above all a measure of humility."

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Content

The practical arguments for such a step are irrefutable: quantity, speed, precision, on-demand availability are no doubt important to the scholar: And new technologies need not be exclusionary. The invention of photography did not eliminate painting, it renewed it, and no doubt the screen and the reference books can feed oft Bach other and coexist amicably an the same reader's desk. All we need to do is remember the corollaries tethe arguments in favor of a virtual library:" that reading, in orderto allow reflection, requires slowness, depth and context; that leafing through a material book or roaming through material shelves is an intimate part of the craft; that the omnipresent electronic technology is still fragile and that, as it changes. we keep losing the possibility of retrieving that which was once stored in now outdated containers. We can still read the words an papyrus ashes saved from the charred ruins of Pompeii; we don't know for how lung it will be possible to read a text inscribed in a 2004 CD. This is not a complaint just a reminder. Jorge Luis Berges invented a Bouvard-and-Pécuchet-like charafter who tries to compile a universal encyclopedia so complete that nothing world be excluded from it. In the end, like his French forerunners, he falls. but not entirely. On the evening an which he gives up bis great project. he hires. a horse and buggy and takes a tour of the city. He sees brick walls, ordinary people. houses, a river, a marketplace and feels that somehow all these things are his own work. He realizes that his project was not impossible but merely redundant. The world encyclopedia, the universal library, already exists and is the world itself."