-
Hsu, J.: ¬The development of electronic surveys : a computer language-based method (1995)
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- Abstract
- An important development in the processing and formatting of text is the creation and use of markup languages. An area receiving attention has been descriptive markup languages, which allow description of a text element or document in a way which is independent of its final output and form. Greater attentio should be given to the creation of survey quwstionnaires, and any comprehensive markup langugae standard should include markups for supporting this application. Examines this need and explains why a markup language would support the survey application and how it would extend the utility of the markup approach. Proposes a set of markups for survey creation which would serve as extensions to existing markup standards. The advantages and benefits of markup command languages as compared to traditional direct manipulation WYSIWYG approaches are also discussed
-
Salminen, A.: Markup languages (2009)
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- Abstract
- Current global communication of people and software applications over the Internet is facilitated by the use of markup languages. This entry introduces the principles and different types of markup, and the history behind the current markup languages. The basis of the modern markup languages is the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) or its restricted form Extensible Markup Language (XML). This entry describes the markup techniques used in SGML and XML, gives examples of their use, and briefly describes some representative SGML and XML applications from different domains. An important factor in the success of XML has been the possibility to reuse markup vocabularies and combine vocabularies originating from different sources. This entry describes the concepts and methods facilitating the reuse of names from earlier defined vocabularies.
-
Heimburger, A.: Introduction to Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) (1994)
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- Abstract
- Describes the basics of SGML, a language for document representation
-
Yott, P.: Introduction to XML (2005)
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- Abstract
- This chapter begins with a brief history of markup technologies and an examination of two of the most commonly encountered markup languages: HTML and XML. We will investigate the basic structural components of an XML document and examine the rules for creating "well-formed" documents. The concept of data modeling and document "validity" will be demonstrated using a simple DTD (Document Type Definition), and several markup examples will follow. The notions of XML as a data interchange system and XSLT as a transformation and display language will be examined.
- Date
- 29. 9.2008 19:09:55
-
as: XML: Extensible Markup Language : I: Was ist XML? (2001)
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- Date
- 30. 3.2003 11:06:22
-
Ilik, V.; Storlien, J.; Olivarez, J.: Metadata makeover (2014)
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- Abstract
- Catalogers have become fluent in information technology such as web design skills, HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Stylesheets (CSS), eXensible Markup Language (XML), and programming languages. The knowledge gained from learning information technology can be used to experiment with methods of transforming one metadata schema into another using various software solutions. This paper will discuss the use of eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) for repurposing, editing, and reformatting metadata. Catalogers have the requisite skills for working with any metadata schema, and if they are excluded from metadata work, libraries are wasting a valuable human resource.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Macleod, I.A.: Extending the command language interface to handle marked-up documents (1990)
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- Abstract
- 2 important international standards relating to text have emerged. One of these, Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) describe a framework for descriptive markup. The other, and more recent, deals with a command language interface for full text retrieval. The 2 standards have been developed in isolation and the command language can handle only the conventional view of text and not the relatively complex structures implicit in descriptive markup. Shows how a relatively simple syntactic extention to the command language enables it to be applied to SGML databases
-
Liechti, O.; Sifer, M.J.; Ichikawa, T.: Structured graph format : XML metadata for describing Web site structure (1998)
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- Abstract
- To improve searching, filtering and processing of information on the Web, a common effort is made in the direction of metadata, defined as machine understandable information about Web resources or other things. In particular, the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) aims at providing a common syntax to emerging metadata formats. Proposes the Structured Graph Format (SGF) an XML compliant markup language based on structured graphs, for capturing Web sites' structure. Presents SGMapper, a client-site tool, which aims to facilitate navigation in large Web sites by generating highly interactive site maps using SGF metadata
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
-
Rossion, F.: SGML, un standard de plus ...?! (1993)
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- Abstract
- Explanation of the SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup Language, which was published by ISO in 1986. Its main objective is the exchange of electronically stored texts
-
Barry, J.: ¬The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and the World-Wide Web : raising ASCII text to a new level of usability (1994)
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-
Mintert, S.; Wilde, E.; Behme, H.: Auszeichnend : Editoren für Extensible Markup Language (2002)
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-
Behme, H.: Angelpunkt : Wo die Extensible Markup Language derzeit steht (2001)
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-
Clarke, K.S.: Extensible Markup Language (XML) (2009)
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- Abstract
- XML, the Extensible Markup Language is a syntax for tagging, or marking-up, textual information. It is a standard, established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that many use when sharing or working with structured information. XML isn't used by itself, but as a tool to create other data-specific markup languages. One benefit to using XML is that it enables these languages to distinguish the content that is being marked up from its presentation, allowing for greater flexibility and data reuse. The library community has embraced XML and uses it as the foundation for many of their own data-specific markup languages. Perhaps the greatest strength of XML is that it is very easy to start working with and yet, in conjunction with many other XML-related standards and technologies, can also be used to develop complex applications.
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Blake, P.: Taking HTML to the next level : XML allows you to define your own language (1997)
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- Abstract
- Extensible Markup Language (XML) attempts to overcome the limitations of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) by offering the ability to deploy more sophisticated documents anc exchange complex data over the WWW. A simplified version of SGML, XML has been developed by the WWW Consortium (W3C), is at first draft stage with the W3C and is supported by the latest version of Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0
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Björklund, L.: Document description in the future (1992)
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- Abstract
- Proposes a combination of markup (e.g. SGML), natural language processing and artificial intelligence techniques for document description and information retrieval of primary scientific writings. By using markup to code parts of the documents while producing them, natural language techniques to understand them and rules and plans to pick up the most important parts of the documents, then tailored information packages could be created at different levels
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Markup and metadata (1998)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the range of applications of the XML meta language, which allows users to design their own markup language and share it with others. Instead of being confined to HTML, where 'one size fits all', industries, academic disciplines and professional organizations can use XML syntax to create a common set of tags which standardize the presentation of information. The linking abilities of XML are more powerful than HTML, so that it will support bidirectional and multiway links, as well as those to a span of text rather than to a single point
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Pitti, D.V.: Standard Generalized Markup Language and the transformation of cataloging (1995)
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- Abstract
- Gives an introduction to SGML, which provides a syntax and a metalanguage for defining the logical structure of documents, and conventions for naming the components of documents. 3 kinds of markup are described: procedural, descriptive, and referential. Discusses how widespread adoption of SGML might transform cataloguing. If adopted by all components of the information industry, SGML woulöd provide an opportunity to build an integrated information environment in which the catalogue would provide a clearly marked path to both traditional and electronic information formats
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Flammia, G.: Document object models for the information marketplace (1997)
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- Abstract
- Extensible Markup Language (XML) is an extension of HTML which simplifies the creation of specialized markup languages for any application domain without requiring knowledge of SGML. Reviews some of the features of XML that make it attractive for conducting secure electronic transactions over the Internet and keeping a record of them
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Seadle, M.: ¬A love affair with markup (2001)
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- Abstract
- It was not love at first sight when I met my first markup language sometime in the 1980s. But XML is different. It has a rich and flexible tag-set that lets it function as a database. It is also starting to have tools that allow Web-based display with standard browsers. Describing XML is not easy, but four aspects seem particularly important: separation of data; tool development; standards; and preservation.
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Cui, H.; Heidorn, P.B.: ¬The reusability of induced knowledge for the automatic semantic markup of taxonomic descriptions (2007)
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- Abstract
- To automatically convert legacy data of taxonomic descriptions into extensible markup language (XML) format, the authors designed a machine-learning-based approach. In this project three corpora of taxonomic descriptions were selected to prove the hypothesis that domain knowledge and conventions automatically induced from some semistructured corpora (i.e., base corpora) are useful to improve the markup performance of other less-structured, quite different corpora (i.e., evaluation corpora). The "structuredness" of the three corpora was carefully measured. Basing on the structuredness measures, two of the corpora were used as the base corpora and one as the evaluation corpus. Three series of experiments were carried out with the MARTT (markuper of taxonomic treatments) system the authors developed to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods of using the n-gram semantic class association rules, the element relative position probabilities, and a combination of the two types of knowledge mined from the automatically marked-up base corpora. The experimental results showed that the induced knowledge from the base corpora was more reliable than that learned from the training examples alone, and that the n-gram semantic class association rules were effective in improving the markup performance, especially on the elements with sparse training examples. The authors also identify a number of challenges for any automatic markup system using taxonomic descriptions.
