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  1. Walker, A.: Indexing commonplace books : John Locke's method (2001) 0.15 
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    Source
    Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.14-18
  2. McIlvaine, E.: Selected reference books of 1998-1999 (1999) 0.15 
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    Abstract
    Continuation of a regular semiannual series reporting a selection of recent scholarly and general reference books of interest to reference staff as an aid to selection and acquisitions
    Date
    29.12.1999 13:22:36
  3. Stehno, B.; Retti, G.: Modelling the logical structure of books and journals using augmented transition network grammars (2003) 0.14 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents a grammar for books and journals using augmented transition networks in automated document analysis. The approach takes the structure of layout elements in books and journals to be part of a semiotic system, which therefore can be described using methods developed for the description of other semiotic systems, e.g. languages. It differs from previous research in the domain of document analysis and understanding as it deals in an exhaustive way with rather generic classes of multi-page printed objects, i.e. books (monographs) and journals. To achieve this aim, abstract relations instead of document specific formatting rules are taken into account.
  4. Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004) 0.14 
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
    Date
    8. 1.2013 10:22:32
  5. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.13 
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    Abstract
    A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
    Source
    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
  6. Tusa, B.M.: ¬An overview of applications of automation to special collections : rare books and art collections (1993) 0.13 
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    Abstract
    Automation has tradtionally been viewed as an inappropriate means of control of the unique items in special collections because of its fundamental requirement of standardization. However, it has come to be viewed as an excellence means of control of and access to these items by curators who view the special collections library as a system precisely because of theis standardization. Examines the issue of standardization in the application of computerized automation, specifically to rare books and art objects; and notes some recent examples of those applications in both North American and Western Europe
  7. Dick, S.J.: Astronomy's Three Kingdom System : a comprehensive classification system of celestial objects (2019) 0.13 
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    Abstract
    Although classification has been an important aspect of astronomy since stellar spectroscopy in the late nineteenth century, to date no comprehensive classification system has existed for all classes of objects in the universe. Here we present such a system, and lay out its foundational definitions and principles. The system consists of the "Three Kingdoms" of planets, stars and galaxies, eighteen families, and eighty-two classes of objects. Gravitation is the defining organizing principle for the families and classes, and the physical nature of the objects is the defining characteristic of the classes. The system should prove useful for both scientific and pedagogical purposes.
    Date
    21.11.2019 18:46:22
  8. Viti, E.: My first ten years : nuovo soggettario growing, development and integration with other knowledge organization systems (2017) 0.13 
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    Abstract
    The Nuovo Soggettario is a subject indexing system edited by the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze. It was presented to librarians from across Italy on 8 February 2007 in Florence as a new edition of the Soggettario (1956), and it has become the official Italian subject indexing tool. This system is made up of two individual and interactive components: the general thesaurus, accessible on the web since 2007 and the rules of a conventional syntax for the construction of subject strings. The Nuovo soggettario thesaurus has grown significantly in terms of terminology and connections with other knowledge organization tools (e.g., encyclopedias, dictionaries, resources of archives and museums, and other information data sets), offering the users the possibility to browse through documents, books, objects, photographs, etc. The conversion of the Nuovo soggettario thesaurus into formats suitable for the semantic web and linked data world improves its function as an interlinking hub for direct searching and for organizing content by different professional communities. Thanks to structured data and the SKOS format, the Nuovo soggettario thesaurus is published on the Data Hub platform, thus giving broad visibility to the BNCF and its precious patrimony.
    Content
    Beitrag eines Special Issue: ISKO-Italy: 8' Incontro ISKO Italia, Università di Bologna, 22 maggio 2017, Bologna, Italia.
  9. Batorowska, H.; Kaminska-Czubala, B.: Information retrieval support : visualisation of the information space of a document (2014) 0.12 
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    Abstract
    Acquiring knowledge in any field involves information retrieval, i.e. searching the available documents to identify answers to the queries concerning the selected objects. Knowing the keywords which are names of the objects will enable situating the user's query in the information space organized as a thesaurus or faceted classification. Objectives: Identification the areas in the information space which correspond to gaps in the user's personal knowledge or in the domain knowledge might become useful in theory or practice. The aim of this paper is to present a realistic information-space model of a self-authored full-text document on information culture, indexed by the author of this article. Methodology: Having established the relations between the terms, particular modules (sets of terms connected by relations used in facet classification) are situated on a plain, similarly to a communication map. Conclusions drawn from the "journey" on the map, which is a visualization of the knowledge contained in the analysed document, are the crucial part of this paper. Results: The direct result of the research is the created model of information space visualization of a given document (book, article, website). The proposed procedure can practically be used as a new form of representation in order to map the contents of academic books and articles, beside the traditional index form, especially as an e-book auxiliary tool. In teaching, visualization of the information space of a document can be used to help students understand the issues of: classification, categorization and representation of new knowledge emerging in human mind.
    Source
    Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
  10. Hammerl, M.; Kempf, K.; Schäffler, H.: E-Books in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken : Versuch einer Bestandsaufnahme (2008) 0.12 
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    Abstract
    Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel einer praxisorientierten Bestandsaufnahme der aktuellen Situation auf dem Markt kostenpflichtiger E-Books aus der Perspektive wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken. Ausgehend von den Erwartungen, die von Nutzer- und Bibliotheksseite an diese relativ neue Gattung elektronischer Medien gerichtet werden können, und dem den E-Books grundsätzlich unterstellten Potenzial wird der tatsächlich erreichte Stand näher beleuchtet. Untersucht werden dabei neben einer allgemeinen Markteinschätzung Aspekte wie gängige Zugriffsoptionen, Preis-und Geschäftsmodelle, Vertriebswege, Recherche- und Nutzungsmöglichkeiten oder auch Erschließungsfragen. Der Aufsatz mündet in einen exemplarischen Blick auf bisher gewonnene konkrete Erfahrungen mit E-Books an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken sowie die Andeutung möglicher Entwicklungsperspektiven.
    Date
    11. 5.2008 19:13:22
    Object
    E-Books
  11. Guthrie, L.S.: ¬An overview of medieval library cataloging (1992) 0.12 
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    Abstract
    This paper attempts to summarize the rich and interesting history of cataloging in Medieval monastic libraries, when the production of books was in its infancy. It discusses some of these early practices when books were few in number and very valuable to the community. In the beginning, catalogs were mostly inventory lists of treasures, not used for research direction. Only the librarian or armarius was consulted for research direction. Complicating these practices was the fact that several "books" were often bound together in the same binding which would have hindered subject cataoging. As books' value evolved toward their subject matter rather than their value as physical objects, and the catalog grew from an inventory list for the librarian toward a guide for patrons, and the rudimentary inventory practices grew toward the modern research direction-oriented cataloging methods, the medieval catalog approached the modern catalog in purpose and content.
  12. Proffitt, M.: Pulling it all together : use of METS in RLG cultural materials service (2004) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    RLG has used METS for a particular application, that is as a wrapper for structural metadata. When RLG cultural materials was launched, there was no single way to deal with "complex digital objects". METS provides a standard means of encoding metadata regarding the digital objects represented in RCM, and METS has now been fully integrated into the workflow for this service.
    Source
    Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.65-68
  13. Johnson, E.H.: Using IODyne : Illustrations and examples (1998) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    IODyone is an Internet client program that allows one to retriev information from servers by dynamically combining information objects. Information objects are abstract representations of bibliographic data, typically titles (or title keywords), author names, subject and classification identifiers, and full-text search terms
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
  14. Schrage, M.: Peeking from the periphery : does the document metaphor inspire (re)designs? (1994) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    Examines what kind of contexts people impose upon their environments, how objects and artifacts are used for better alignment and understanding of environments and help mediate and negotiate such understanding and alignment. Brown and Duguid fail to discuss the role of prototypes and modules for designers. Proposes that digitised documents do not reframe the contexts of newspapers and books but that interactive computing does redefine the genre of television
  15. Morgan, C.: ¬The DOI (Digital Object Identifier) (1998) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    The DOI is a standard method for identifying digital objects (e.g. the electronic form of a whole book or journal, or an individual issue, chapter or article, or an abstract, fugure, table or chemical structure), corresponding to ISNBs and ISSNs for books and journals. Describes the background to the DOI's creation, its make up, its current status, and future developments. Also explains how it relates to other standards, and the role of the DOI Agency and the publisher's obligations to the Agency
  16. Xia, J.: GIS in the management of library pick-up books (2004) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    The management of library "pick-up books" - a phrase that refers to books pulled off the shelves by readers, discarded in the library after use, and picked up by library assistants for reshelving - is an issue for many collection managers. This research attempts to use geographic information system (GIS) software as a tool to monitor the use of such books so that their distributions by book shelf-ranges can be displayed visually. With GIS, library floor layouts are drawn as maps. This research produces some explanations of the habits of library patrons browsing shelved materials, and makes suggestions to librarians on the expansion of library collections and the rearrangement potential for library space.
    Source
    Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.2, S.209-216
  17. Sayers, W.C.B.: ¬The banning of books in libraries (2007) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - Aims to focus on the correct attitude of the librarian when selecting fiction. Design/methodology/approach - The article discusses the banning of books in libraries from the context of what was perceived as a moral decline in the literature at the time that the article was written in 1928. Findings - The author's view is that no novel written has sufficient quality to be a source of trouble between a public library and its people. It should be bought if the reviewers praise it enough; it should be circulated freely until someone objects; and in that event it should be withdrawn from the open shelf, but it should be left in the catalogue. The person who wants it will ask for it, and if that person is of mature years, may be allowed, without question, to have it. Originality/value - The article provides information of a historical nature, of value to information professionals.
    Content
    Vgl..: Burton, P.F.: On reading "The banning of books in libraries". In: Library review. 56(2007) no.3, S.197-199.
  18. Ewbank, L.: Crisis in subject cataloging and retrieval (1996) 0.11 
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    Footnote
    Arlene G. Taylor, (University of Pittsburgh), in her talk "Introduction to the Crisis," stated that there has been an erosion of confidence in subject cataloging, which is frequently thought not to be cost-effective. Signs of the crisis are 1) an administrative push to cut back or eliminate subject cataloging, 2) lack of sufficient education in the theory and practice of subject analysis, leading to a lack of understanding on the part of non-catalogers, 3) a widespread negative view of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), and 4) a view of classification as only a way of arranging items on a shelf, and therefore clearly dispensable in an age of online information. Reasons for the erosion of confidence are 1) the availability of keyword searching, which many people think is sufficient, 2) the difficulty of subject analysis in an expanding universe of knowledge--including the increasing variety of materials, and of different formats, not all of which are suitable for traditional subject analysis--increasing variation of word usage even in the same language, the appearance of new subjects requiring new terminology, and the use of multiple thesauri with little or no attempt to relate them to each other), and 3) the "since it can't be perfect" syndrome, i.e., since subject analysis is subjective anyway, so why bother? Francis Miksa, (University of Texas at Austin), spoke about "Bibliographic Control Traditions and Subject Access in Library Catalogs". Suggesting that we need a broader perspective, partly historical, and a new approach and methodology, he discussed 1) bibliographic control as a general model and the various traditions of bibliographic control, and 2) the measure of a single bibliographic item, and how much information about it belongs in an entry in a bibliographic control system. Bibliographic control is any attempt to gain power over the information-bearing objects which comprise the bibliographic universe. The universe of knowledge is intangible and ordered, and resides in information-bearing objects, while the bibliographic universe is tangible--being made up of objects--but unordered; bibliographic control consists of identifying and ordering bibliographic objects so that they can be retrieved and used to help people reach the universe of knowledge. The types of bibliographic control that have arisen are--in chronological order--1) bibliography, 2) library cataloging, 3) indexing and abstracting, 4) documentation and information storage and retrieval, 5) archival enterprises, and 6) records management. The nature of a single bibliographic unit--that is, the basis of an entry in a bibliographic organization system--differs among these traditions of practice: in archives, it is a collection from a single source, in records management a group of records, and in library cataloging it was originally one book containing one work by one author.
    The first breakdown of this ideal was the appearance of information-bearing objects containing more than one work, such as transactions of learned societies, periodicals, etc.; the solution to this breakdown was analytical cataloging, and the result was the rise of indexing and documentation. The second breakdown, originating in indexing and abstracting, was the discovery that subject access is not limited to a work as a single bibliographic item, and that it is not simply concerned with "aboutness". The response to the second breakdown was the fragmentation of the concept of the unity of a work into the concept of the work as a conglomeration of topics, forms, and genres. Therefore, library cataloging is two breakdowns behind, and still operating with a simplistic view of a document as a unit. Thomas Mann, (Library of Congress), spoke about "Cataloging and Reference Work". His first topic was the continuing need for subject classification of books (i.e., for subject arrangement of books on shelves). He gave two examples of information that could be found only by taking books in a particular subject area off the shelves and looking through each one for the relevant information. The information exists in these books at the page and paragraph level, and this kind of searching could not be done if the books were not organized on the shelves by subject. Scholars, students, and journalists use this type of search quite often, but librarians generally ignore it or say that it is unimportant (partly because it can't be computerized, and some librarians think anything that can't be computerized is unimportant). The quality and level of research that can be done in libraries would be greatly diminished if this kind of searching became impossible. Mann's second topic was the importance of specific entry in a controlled vocabulary. Use of the most specific entry is being abandoned because of the increased use of copy cataloging; general headings are being accepted in place of specific ones, and this leads to disaster. The items are effectively lost, because one never knows where to stop with general headings (since all general headings are potentially applicable), whereas with a specific heading, one stops when one finds the heading that fits most closely with the subject one wants> If works dealing with this subject all had the specific heading, one could then be sure that one had found all the works in the library on this subject.
    The third topic was that the crisis is mainly due to reference and bibliographic instruction librarians, who are not telling users how to use the retrieval systems created by catalogers. They should tell users about the red books, about the importance of Narrower Terms (NT, including those that are alphabetically adjacent to Broader Terms (BT) as these cannot be found in screen displays), about the usefulness of subject headings from records for relevant items located by author, title, or keyword for finding similar items. (Of course, this will not work if the headings are at the wrong level of specificity!); and about the subdivisions of subject headings. Some bibliographic instruction librarians are telling users not to use LCSH, so the users are missing many--sometimes most--of the relevant items. If the retrieval system is going to work, reference and bibliographic instruction librarians have to explain how subject headings work, rather than concealing or even disparaging them. Michael Gorman, (California State University--Fresno), talked about "The Cost and Value of Organized Subject Access," saying that systematic subject access is the key to effective use of libraries, and it is therefore both cost-effective and cost- beneficial, even though many administrators don't think so. But there are problems, both inherently and in application. Good subject access maximizes both recall and relevance. Specificity is extremely important; it best meets the needs of most users, because the cataloger has already differentiated the items. It is also extremely important that a verbal subject system have a syndetic structure, so that the user can explore broader, narrower, and related subjects. The time spent by the cataloger in creating subject headings should be inversely proportional to the time spent by the user on retrieval; the canon of service of our profession demands adding that value at the front end instead of shifting the burden to (infinite numbers of) users. Direct and indirect benefits to the user increase with the amount of time spent on subject headings; if we believe that the whole purpose of a library is to make its collection accessible, we can't afford not to provide detailed access to collections. Effective retrieval is impossible without authority control (which however is free, since it is just cataloging done right). Gorman contrasted the "howling desert" of the Internet with the well-ordered world of libraries, comparing the Internet to a used bookstore in which the bindings, indexes, and front matter have been removed from all the books and they are arranged in no order. The user searches for clumps of related material, but has no idea of its source. It may seem ordinary to go into the largest library and be able to find a specific item, secure in provenance and immediately usable, but this is beyond the wildest dreams of Net-surfers. We need fast and efficient access to recorded knowledge and information, because we have lives to live and can't spend time surfing; subject access is an essential part of this, and is vital for future seekers of truth.
    Source
    Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) no.2, S.90-97
  19. Holetschek, J. et al.: Natural history in Europeana : accessing scientific collection objects via LOD (2016) 0.11 
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    Source
    Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou
  20. Alvarado, R.U.: Cataloging Pierre Bourdieu's books (1994) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Subject headings do not always adequately express the subject content of books and other library materials. Whether due to cataloguer error or inadequacy in the authority list, this deficiency makes it difficult for users to access information. In an attempt to solve this problem, the study evaluated the adequacy of the LoC Subject Headings assigned to the 23 books of Pierre Bourdieu, whose philosophical ideas were judged likely to form a good test of the ability of the subject headings to reflect the ideas proposed by the author. The study examined the subject headings given to 22 books, and their translations into English, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, comprising 88 records in OCLC as of Dec 91. It was found that most of the books received headings not corresponding to their content, as the headings were assigned from the functionalist paradigm. In general, LCSHs ignore the conceptual categories of other paradigms, do not match the current vocabulary used by social scientists, and are ideologically biased

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