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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.

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Source

http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDQQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F3131107&ei=HzFWVYvGMsiNsgGTyoFI&usg=AFQjCNE2FHUeR9oQTQlNC4TPedv4Mo3DaQ&sig2=Rlzpr7a3BLZZkqZCXXN_IA&bvm=bv.93564037,d.bGg&cad=rja

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

Theme

Information

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Abstract

On a scientific concept hierarchy, a parent concept may have a few attributes, each of which has multiple values being a group of child concepts. We call these attributes facets: classification has a few facets such as application (e.g., face recognition), model (e.g., svm, knn), and metric (e.g., precision). In this work, we aim at building faceted concept hierarchies from scientific literature. Hierarchy construction methods heavily rely on hypernym detection, however, the faceted relations are parent-to-child links but the hypernym relation is a multi-hop, i.e., ancestor-to-descendent link with a specific facet "type-of". We use information extraction techniques to find synonyms, sibling concepts, and ancestor-descendent relations from a data science corpus. And we propose a hierarchy growth algorithm to infer the parent-child links from the three types of relationships. It resolves conflicts by maintaining the acyclic structure of a hierarchy.

Content

Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.

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Footnote

https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.univie.ac.at%2Findex.php%2Fvoebm%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F5332%2F5271%2F&usg=AOvVaw2yQdFGHlmOwVls7ANCpTii.

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Abstract

The successes of information retrieval (IR) in recent decades were built upon bag-of-words representations. Effective as it is, bag-of-words is only a shallow text understanding; there is a limited amount of information for document ranking in the word space. This dissertation goes beyond words and builds knowledge based text representations, which embed the external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases, and provide richer and structured evidence for more advanced information retrieval systems. This thesis research first builds query representations with entities associated with the query. Entities' descriptions are used by query expansion techniques that enrich the query with explanation terms. Then we present a general framework that represents a query with entities that appear in the query, are retrieved by the query, or frequently show up in the top retrieved documents. A latent space model is developed to jointly learn the connections from query to entities and the ranking of documents, modeling the external evidence from knowledge bases and internal ranking features cooperatively. To further improve the quality of relevant entities, a defining factor of our query representations, we introduce learning to rank to entity search and retrieve better entities from knowledge bases. In the document representation part, this thesis research also moves one step forward with a bag-of-entities model, in which documents are represented by their automatic entity annotations, and the ranking is performed in the entity space.
This proposal includes plans to improve the quality of relevant entities with a co-learning framework that learns from both entity labels and document labels. We also plan to develop a hybrid ranking system that combines word based and entity based representations together with their uncertainties considered. At last, we plan to enrich the text representations with connections between entities. We propose several ways to infer entity graph representations for texts, and to rank documents using their structure representations. This dissertation overcomes the limitation of word based representations with external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases. We believe this thesis research is a solid start towards the new generation of intelligent, semantic, and structured information retrieval.

Content

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.

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Abstract

In this thesis we propose three new word association measures for multi-word term extraction. We combine these association measures with LocalMaxs algorithm in our extraction model and compare the results of different multi-word term extraction methods. Our approach is language and domain independent and requires no training data. It can be applied to such tasks as text summarization, information retrieval, and document classification. We further explore the potential of using multi-word terms as an effective representation for general web-page summarization. We extract multi-word terms from human written summaries in a large collection of web-pages, and generate the summaries by aligning document words with these multi-word terms. Our system applies machine translation technology to learn the aligning process from a training set and focuses on selecting high quality multi-word terms from human written summaries to generate suitable results for web-page summarization.

Content

A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Vgl. Unter: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br%2F~ceramisch%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublications%2F2009%2Fp01.pdf.

Date

10. 1.2013 19:22:47

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Content

PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.

Imprint

Trento : University / Department of information engineering and computer science

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Footnote

Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.

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Content

Vgl. auch: New automatic interpreter for complex UDC numbers. Unter: <https%3A%2F%2Fudcc.org%2Ffiles%2FAttilaPiros_EC_36-37_2014-2015.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3kc9CwDDCWP7aArpfjrs5b>

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Content

Vgl. unter: https://www.leibniz-science20.de%2Fforschung%2Fprojekte%2Faltmetrics-in-verschiedenen-wissenschaftsdisziplinen%2F&ei=2jTgVaaXGcK4Udj1qdgB&usg=AFQjCNFOPdONj4RKBDf9YDJOLuz3lkGYlg&sig2=5YI3KWIGxBmk5_kv0P_8iQ.

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Date

22. 7.2012 19:37:29

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 63(2012) H.3, S.203-205

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Abstract

Das Buch vermittelt Kenntnisse über die Modellierung dokumentbezogener Metadaten durch praktische Aufgabenstellungen, begleitende theoretische Erläuterungen sowie ergänzende Übungen. Als Beispiele dienen Bilddokumente und bibliografische Daten. Es wird vermittelt, wie entsprechende Datenbanken aufgebaut und mit geeigneten Suchumgebungen ausgestattet werden. Es wird dargestellt und praktisch geübt, wie Kenntnisse über die Struktur der Daten zum Import von Fremddaten genutzt werden können. Zielvorstellung ist der Aufbau von Datenbanken zur formalen und inhaltlichen Erschließung und die Gestaltung von Retrievalumgebungen, für bibliografische Daten auch die Erstellung von Bibliografien. Als Methoden zur inhaltlichen Erschließung werden besonders die semantische Strukturierung von Themenfeldern am Beispiel des aspektorientierten Thesaurus-Konzepts und das Automatische Indexieren bibliografischer Daten behandelt. Abgerundet wird die Darstellung durch die Diskussion von Bezügen zum Aufbau relationaler Datenbanken für bibliografische Daten sowie Hintergründe der Zeichencodierung und Ordnungsfragen.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

RSWK

Information Retrieval

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems
Information Retrieval

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Source

Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly

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Footnote

Rez. in: iwp 62(2011) H.4, S.205-206 (C. Carstens): "Welche Arten der Wissensrepräsentation existieren im Web, wie ausgeprägt sind semantische Strukturen in diesem Kontext, und wie können soziale Aktivitäten im Sinne des Web 2.0 zur Strukturierung von Wissen im Web beitragen? Diesen Fragen widmet sich Wellers Buch mit dem Titel Knowledge Representation in the Social Semantic Web. Der Begriff Social Semantic Web spielt einerseits auf die semantische Strukturierung von Daten im Sinne des Semantic Web an und deutet andererseits auf die zunehmend kollaborative Inhaltserstellung im Social Web hin. Weller greift die Entwicklungen in diesen beiden Bereichen auf und beleuchtet die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen, die aus der Kombination der Aktivitäten im Semantic Web und im Social Web entstehen. Der Fokus des Buches liegt dabei primär auf den konzeptuellen Herausforderungen, die sich in diesem Kontext ergeben. So strebt die originäre Vision des Semantic Web die Annotation aller Webinhalte mit ausdrucksstarken, hochformalisierten Ontologien an. Im Social Web hingegen werden große Mengen an Daten von Nutzern erstellt, die häufig mithilfe von unkontrollierten Tags in Folksonomies annotiert werden. Weller sieht in derartigen kollaborativ erstellten Inhalten und Annotationen großes Potenzial für die semantische Indexierung, eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Retrieval im Web. Das Hauptinteresse des Buches besteht daher darin, eine Brücke zwischen den Wissensrepräsentations-Methoden im Social Web und im Semantic Web zu schlagen. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, gliedert sich das Buch in drei Teile. . . .

LCSH

Knowledge representation (Information theory)

Series

Knowledge and information; vol.3

Subject

Knowledge representation (Information theory)

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Abstract

Der Einsatz von semantischen Technologien ist mittlerweile ein etabliertes Mittel zur Optimierung von Information-Retrieval-Systemen. Obwohl der Einsatz von Ontologien für verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche wie beispielsweise zur Query-Expansion (Bhogal et al. 2007), zur Strukturierung von Benutzeroberflächen bzw. zur Dialoggestaltung (z. B. Garcia & Sicilia 2003; Liu et al. 2005; Lopez et al. 2006; Paulheim 2009; Paulheim & Probst 2010), in Recommendersystemen (z. B. Taehee et al. 2006; Cantador et al. 2008; Middleton et al. 2001; Middleton et al. 2009) usw. rege erforscht wird, gibt es noch kaum Bestrebungen, die einzelnen Abfragemethodiken für Ontologien systematisch zu untersuchen. Bei der Abfrage von Ontologien geht es in erster Linie darum, Zusammenhänge zwischen Begriffen zu ermitteln, indem hierarchische (Classes und Individuals), semantische (Object Properties) und ergänzende (Datatype Properties) Beziehungen abgefragt oder logische Verknüpfungen abgeleitet werden. Hierbei werden sogenannte Reasoner für die Ableitungen und als Abfragesprache SPARQL (seltener auch XPath) eingesetzt. Ein weiterer, weniger oft eingesetzter, vielversprechender Ansatz findet sich bei Hoser et al. (2006) und Weng & Chang (2008), die Techniken der Sozialen Netzwerkanalyse zur Auswertung von Ontologien miteinsetzen (Semantic Network Analysis). Um die Abfrage von Ontologien sowie Kombinationen der unterschiedlichen Abfragemöglichkeiten systematisch untersuchen zu können, wurde am SII eine entsprechende Testumgebung entwickelt, die in diesem Beitrag genauer vorgestellt werden soll.

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Content

C. Begriffsarbeit in der Wissensorganisation Ingetraut Dahlberg: Begriffsarbeit in der Wissensorganisation Claudio Gnoli, Gabriele Merli, Gianni Pavan, Elisabetta Bernuzzi, and Marco Priano: Freely faceted classification for a Web-based bibliographic archive The BioAcoustic Reference Database Stefan Hauser: Terminologiearbeit im Bereich Wissensorganisation - Vergleich dreier Publikationen anhand der Darstellung des Themenkomplexes Thesaurus Daniel Kless: Erstellung eines allgemeinen Standards zur Wissensorganisation: Nutzen, Möglichkeiten, Herausforderungen, Wege D. Kommunikation und Lernen Gerald Beck und Simon Meissner: Strukturierung und Vermittlung von heterogenen (Nicht-)Wissensbeständen in der Risikokommunikation Angelo Chianese, Francesca Cantone, Mario Caropreso, and Vincenzo Moscato: ARCHAEOLOGY 2.0: Cultural E-Learning tools and distributed repositories supported by SEMANTICA, a System for Learning Object Retrieval and Adaptive Courseware Generation for e-learning environments Sonja Hierl, Lydia Bauer, Nadja Böller und Josef Herget: Kollaborative Konzeption von Ontologien in der Hochschullehre: Theorie, Chancen und mögliche Umsetzung Marc Wilhelm Küster, Christoph Ludwig, Yahya Al-Haff und Andreas Aschenbrenner: TextGrid: eScholarship und der Fortschritt der Wissenschaft durch vernetzte Angebote

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Content

"Präambel Wissen und Information sind zu zentralen Ressourcen gesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung geworden. Nach dem Grundprinzip des lebenslangen Lernens ist die Informationskompetenz eine wesentliche Schlüsselqualifikation und Voraussetzung für die aktive Teilhabe an der Wissensgesellschaft. Informationskompetenz ist unabhängig von Lebensalter, Bildungsstand, Fachrichtung oder beruflichem Umfeld zu verstehen als eine komplexe Fähigkeit, Informationen selbstorganisiert und problemlösungsorientiert effizient zu suchen, zu finden, zu bewerten und effektiv zu nutzen. Auch Bibliotheken sehen ihre Rolle auch in der aktiven Unterstützung bei der Entwicklung von Informationskompetenz: Informationskompetente Nutzer können u.a. ihre riesigen Informationssammlungen zielgerichteter ausschöpfen. Orientiert an den jeweiligen Zielgruppen gestalten Bibliotheken vielfältige Angebote: Informationskompetenz wird in unterschiedlichen Lernszenarien, an verschiedenen Lernorten und in digitalen Lernwelten erworben. Die Hochschulbibliotheken stehen vor einer besonderen Herausforderung: Der Bologna-Prozess hat die Rolle der Schlüsselqualifikationen in der Hochschullehre gestärkt, und speziell die Informationskompetenz wird in ihrer Bedeutung für ein erfolgreiches Studium und die Vorbereitung auf das Berufsleben allgemein anerkannt. Die Hochschulbibliotheken haben es übernommen, die Studierenden in eigenen Lehrveranstaltungen und durch Hilfestellungen zum Selbststudium bei der Entwicklung ihrer Informationskompetenz zu betreuen und anzuleiten. Sie betrachten die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz als eine ihrer Kernaufgaben.
Um die Zusammenarbeit von Bibliothekaren und Hochschullehrern nachhaltig sinnvoll zu gestalten, ist ein Konsens herzustellen, was unter Informationskompetenz im Studium verstanden wird und an welchen Indikatoren dies festzumachen ist. Diese Definition und Strukturierung des Gegenstands soll mit den hier vorgelegten Standards geleistet werden. Sie sollen sowohl den Studierenden als auch den Lehrenden der Studienfächer Orientierung geben und die Koordinierung erleichtern. Dabei hängt jedoch die konkrete Bewältigung von Informationsproblemen von vielerlei Faktoren ab. Fachliche Anforderungen, lokale und regionale Bedingungen sowie Wissen, Fertigkeiten, fachliche Qualifikationen und persönliche Einstellungen des Informationssuchenden spielen hier u.a. eine Rolle. Aus diesem Grund wird die Ausgestaltung der Standards mit Lehrinhalten und didaktischen Konzepten bewusst nicht in die abstrakt formulierten Standards aufgenommen. Auch die Formulierung konkreter Kriterien zur Beurteilung von Informationskompetenz ist vom jeweiligen Einsatzkontext abhängig und wird daher ausgeklarnrnert. Angesichts der dynamischen Entwicklung der Informationstechnik und der Suchräume sind diese Inhalte zudem kontinuierlich zu aktualisieren und neu zu gewichten.

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Abstract

Der Text zeigt anhand einer essayistisch selektiven Rückschau in die Zeit vor den Digital Humanities bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftliche Ansätze zur Entwicklung hypertextueller Werkzeuge für Bibliographie-Verwaltung und Strukturierung des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses - eine zukunftsweisende Idee für eine digitale Geisteswissenschaft zur Unterstützung geisteswissenschaftlicher Denkarbeit jenseits von reinem 'distant thinking'.

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Abstract

Im Rahmen des CrissCross-Projekts wurde ein multilinguales, thesaurusbasiertes Recherchevokabular zu heterogen erschlossenen Dokumenten geschaffen. Dieses Recherchevokabular besteht unter anderem aus den Sachschlagwörtern der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) und den Notationen der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC). Die Schlagwortnormdatei bietet einen normierten, terminologisch kontrollierten Wortschatz an. Sie enthält Schlagwörter aus allen Fachgebieten und Schlagwortkategorien, die durch die beteiligten Bibliotheken zur verbalen Inhaltserschließung genutzt und dabei täglich aktualisiert werden. Unter anderem wird die Schlagwortnormdatei auch zur verbalen Erschließung der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie verwendet. Während der verbalen Erschließung wird jedem Inhalt mindestens eine Schlagwortfolge zugewiesen. Schlagwortfolgen werden dazu benutzt, um die komplexen Themen eines Dokuments zu beschreiben. Zusätzlich wird für den Neuerscheinungsdienst der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie seit dem Jahrgang 2004 jeder Titel noch mindestens einer Sachgruppe zugewiesen. Die Strukturierung der Sachgruppen orientiert sich dabei weitestgehend an der zweiten Ebene der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation. Die Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation ist eine international weit verbreitete Universalklassifikation. Von ihr existieren zahlreiche Übersetzungen, u. a. ins Deutsche. Seit Januar 2006 wird die DDC gemeinsam mit der SWD zur Inhaltserschließung in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie verwendet. Bei der Inhaltserschließung mit Hilfe der DDC wird jedem Inhalt eine einzelne DDC-Notation zugewiesen. Komplexe Themen werden dabei durch die Synthese von zwei oder mehr Notationen zu einer neuen Notation dargestellt. Somit ist die DDC-Notation sowohl vergleichbar mit SWD-Schlagwörtern als auch mit ganzen Schlagwortfolgen.

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