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Biographed

Otlet, P.

Source

International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15

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Content

This paper is an adaptation and augmented version of a paper presented at the NASKO 2011 conference: Charles van den Heuvel. 2011. Multidimensional classifications: Past and future conceptualizations and visualizations. In Smiraglia, Richard P., ed. Proceedings from North American Symposium on Knowledge Organization, Vol. 3. Toronto, Canada, pp. 105-21. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_6_e.pdf.

Date

22. 2.2013 11:31:25

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Source

Tendencias de investigación en organización del conocimient: IV Cologuio International de Ciencas de la Documentación , VI Congreso del Capitulo Espanol de ISKO = Trends in knowledge organization research. Eds.: J.A. Frias u. C. Travieso

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Source

Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 22(1971), S.55-63

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Abstract

A detailed examination of the UDC's history, function and future prospects. Among topics discussed are: the early pioneering work of P. Otlet and H. LaFontaine; the development of Colon Classification; the 'UDC versus switching language' debate in the 1970s; the FID standard reference code project; and the recent scheme by Williamson and McIlwaine to restructure UDC completely, converting it into a Colon Classification and also creating a thesaurus drawn from the same classification. Comments that UDC, far from being a 'prehistoric monster', is becoming a sort of test laboratory for developing new and interesting documentation structures

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Source

Classification research. Proc. of the 2nd Int. Study Conf. ... Elsinore, 14.-18.9.1964. Ed. by P. Atherton

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Content

KUMAR, P.S.G.: Ranganathan through classification; LANGRIDGE, D.W.: My debt to Ranganathan; SUBBA RAO, C.V.: Controversies on Dr. S.R. Ranganathan; CHAND, K. u. G. SINGH: Impact of information technology on Ranganathan's five laws; SATIJA, M.P.: Research in librarianship before and after Ranganathan; BATTY, C.D.: The influence of Ranganathan on the structural design of index languages; DHYANI, P.: Ranganathan's normatice principles and Dewey Decimal Classification; FRIIS-HANSEN, J.: Facets and clusters; HUNTER, E.J.: Ranganathan UK: The influence of Ranganathan's work on the development of classification and indexing in the United Kingdom; McILWAINE, I.C.: Ranganathan and classification in Britain; BAKEWELL, K.G.B.: Ranganathan and library management; BHARGAVA, G,D.: Dr. S.R. Ranganathan - my teacher and mentor; NAVALINI, K.: The tallest torch bearer; COMARONI, J.P.: Ranganathan's influence on American librarianship; KONNOR, M.B.: Dr. S.R. Ranganathan - American view; SHARMA, R.N.: Ranganathan and the United States

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Source

Cataloging and classification quarterly. 61(2023) no.2, p.228-248

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Date

25.12.1995 22:28:43

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Abstract

Durch die rasche Vermehrung und erhöhte Verschränkung der Wissenschaften stoßen die klassischen zweidimensionalen und hierarchischen Klassifikationen heute an eine Grenze. Die eindeutige Hierarchisierung kann hier nur auf Kosten der potentiell auszubildenden Beziehungen zwischen den zu klassifizierenden Wissenschaften gehen, denn, um die Logik der Hierarchie zu bewahren, muss häufig auf die Logik der inhaltlichen Zusammenhänge verzichten werden. Eine Lösung in Form von mehrdimensionalen Verbindungen und In-Bezug-Setzungen bieten die Darstellungsmöglichkeiten der neuen Medien. Einen Schritt in diese Richtung unternahm ARTUR P. SCHMIDT mit seinem 1999 auch als CD-Rom erschienen 'Wissensnavigator'. Unter Bezugnahme auf Deleuzes und Guattaris 'Rhizom' fordert er eine ungehinderte Vernetzung des Wissens in alle Richtungen. Er sieht sich damit im Einklang mit den Entwicklungen seiner Zeit. Interaktive Benutzung soll diese totale Vernetzung des Wissens generieren, indem der Benutzer der Enzyklopädie durch seine Anfragen bei ihrer Evolution mitwirkt. Die Darstellbarkeit dieser Vernetzung soll mit Hilfe eines sich in einem 4-dimensionalen Raum befindlichen "Hyperkubus" ermöglicht werden, der "in einer Matrix ein neuronales Netzwerk" enthalten soll. Neben diesem wohl noch als utopisch zu bezeichnenden Projekt gibt es derzeit eine Anzahl konservativerer Ansätze der Klassifizierung im Internet, die größte Differenzierungen erlauben, aber auf ungeregelte 'Hyperverlinkung' verzichten. Sollten jedoch Projekte wie die ARTUR P. SCHMIDTS realisiert werden können, so ist damit vielleicht auch Nietzsches Forderung zu erfüllen, die er noch in weiter Ferne vermutete.

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Source

Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 33(1988) no.6, S.450-455

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Abstract

Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Paul Otlet and Henri LaFontaine of Belgium initiated the compilation of an index to all recorded knowledge. Instead of an alphabetical file, they decided to adopt a classified arrangement. For the basis of such an arrangement, they turned to the Dewey Decimal Classification, a system which was gaining wide acceptance in American libraries. With permission secured from Melvil Dewey to expand the system to include details required for an indexing tool, Otlet and LaFontaine began developing what was to become the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Following the establishment of the Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB), later the Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID), in 1895, work an the universal index and the classification scheme proceeded under its aegis. In 1905, the classification scheme was published as the Manuel du Répertoire bibliographique universel. While the initial, ambitious project of the universal index was abandoned, the classification scheme itself was widely adopted, particularly in special libraries in Europe. A second edition was published in 1927-1933 under the title Classification décimale universelle. The development and maintanance of the scheme continued with the support of the FID. In the course of its development, the UDC moved further and further away from its prototype, the Dewey Decimal Classification. One of the major differences between the two systems is the use of relators in UDC. The notation adopted by Melvil Dewey for his scheme is a hierarchical one; in other words, the notation reflects the hierarchical relationships among subjects. However, it does not display the relationships among the facets, or aspects, of a particular subject. Furthermore, the use of auxiliaries in the Dewey Decimal Classification, beginning with the form subdivisions and gradually expanding to include geographic subdivisions and finally other auxiliaries in the most recent editions, has been relatively restricted. As an indexing tool, Otlet and LaFontaine felt that their system needed commonly applicable auxiliaries which they called "determinatives."` To this end, a series of special symbols were introduced into the system for the purpose of combining related subjects and indicating different facets or aspects of the main subject. The use of these symbols, called relators, with the auxiliaries has rendered the Universal Decimal Classification a synthetic scheme. In this respect, the UDC has moved much more rapidly than the Dewey Decimal Classification toward becoming a faceted classification. In the following paper, Henry V. Hopwood, a Senior Assistant at the British Patent Office Library during the 1900s, explains the use and rationale of relators, or "marks," as he calls them, in the Universal Decimal Classification.

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RSWK

Possevino, Antonio, 1533-1611. Bibliotheca selecta de ratione studiorum

Subject

Possevino, Antonio, 1533-1611. Bibliotheca selecta de ratione studiorum

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Source

Probleme des Wiederaufbaus im wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekswesen: aus d. Verhandlungen des 1. Bibliothekartagung der britischen Zone in Hamburg vom 22.-24.10.1946

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Abstract

Among the theorists in the field of subject analysis in the twentieth century, none has been more influential than S. R. Ranganathan (1892-1972) of India, a mathematician by training who turned to librarianship and made some of the most far-reaching contributions to the theory of librarianship in general and subject analysis in particular. Dissatisfied with both the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Universal Decimal Classification, Ranganathan set out to develop his own system. His Colon Classification was first published in 1933 and went through six editions; the seventh edition was in progress when Ranganathan died in 1972. In the course of developing the Colon Classification, Ranganathan formulated a body of classification theory which was published in numerous writings, of which the best known are Elements of Library Classification (1945; 3rd ed., 1962) and Prolegomena to Library Classification (1967). Among the principles Ranganathan established, the most powerful and influential are those relating to facet analysis. Ranganathan demonstrated that facet analysis (breaking down subjects into their component parts) and synthesis (recombining these parts to fit the documents) provide the most viable approach to representing the contents of documents. Although the idea and use of facets, though not always called by that name, have been present for a long time (for instance, in the Dewey Decimal Classification and Charles A. Cutter's Expansive Classification), Ranganathan was the person who systematized the ideas and established principles for them. For his Colon Classification, Ranganathan identified five fundamental categories: Personality (P), Material (M), Energy (E), Space (S) and Time (T) and the citation order PMEST based an the idea of decreasing concreteness.

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Date

9. 2.1997 18:44:22

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Abstract

Das Abenteuer, ein Buch neu zu denken, das die Welt neu denken wollte: Diderots und d'Alemberts Encyclopédie. Es freilegen, befreien von Vereinnahmung und Verklärung, die das unbändige Werk in kostbares Leder packen, im Regal verstauen, mit einem Brockhaus verwechseln. Im Lauf der Zeit fallen alle Auswüchse, Sehnsüchte, Widersprüche den Gelehrten zum Opfer, denen soviel ungestümes Leben angst macht. Der Mensch, der doch im Mittelpunkt aller Bestrebungen der Enzyklopädisten steht, wird aus dem Buch gedrängt - übrig bleiben die großen Ideen, die hehren Ideale, um deren Unvereinbarkeit mit der Realität Diderot und die Seinen wohl wußten, doch schon bald nicht mehr wissen durften. Denn die Fackel der Aufklärung leuchtete längst nicht in alle Winkel des menschlichen Herzens. Schwärmerei und Gottesfurcht haben darin ebenso überlebt wie die bemerkenswert unaufgeklärte Betrachtung der Anderen: der Faulenzer, Müßiggänger, Sodomiten, Deserteure und Selbstmörder, von Frauen und Negern ganz zu schweigen. Zweihundertfünfzig Jahre später wühlen wir uns durch die Folianten, fahren auf Alleen und Sandwegen vorbei an allem erdenklichen Getier und Gewächs, an Gebilden, Gebäuden, und wir staunen darüber, wie uns die Enzyklopädisten, die doch schon so lange tot sind, plötzlich in Fleisch und Blut durch ihr Universum führen: Wiesen, Himmel, Steinbrüche, Senkgruben. Die Grenzen, die sie ihrer Welt gesetzt haben, kreuzen die unseren. Mit einem Buch die Menschheit verbessern zu wollen, was für eine Anmaßung! Mit Wörtern die Welt beschreiben, welch Wahnwitz! Und doch: Nach und nach werden aus Wörtern Stimmen, hören wir Verstimmungen glückliche Tage, Verdruß. Wir lesen, daß Diderot nach seiner Rückkehr vom Begräbnis des verehrten Freundes Montesquieu seinen Artikel EKLEKTIZISMUS beendet; lassen uns von Jaucourts Entdeckerfreude anstecken, wenn er die hungrige Laus auf seinem Handrücken beschreibt, Bein für Bein, Haar für Haar; amüsieren uns über Rousseaus Verdammung schlecht klingender Trompeten; lesen, wie sich die wohl einzige Frau, die an der Encyclopédie mitschreiben durfte, Susanne-Marie de Vivans, über die Weitschweifigkeit ihrer Kollegen mokiert; fragen uns, wo denn die Aufklärung geblieben ist, wenn Voltaire ausruft, man könne die Geschichte nicht studieren, ohne »Abscheu gegenüber der menschlichen Gattung« zu fassen; und wir fühlen mit, wie Diderot sich im Artikel ENZYKLOPÄDIE den ganzen Frust von der Seele schreibt über das »verfluchte Monstrum«, das ihm so viele Jahre seines Lebens geraubt hat. Zweihundertfünfzig Jahre Lorbeer, Tortenguß, Bibliothekenstaub, Gipsschichten, Ketzerhemden und Talare: Nackt sieht die Encyclopédie anders aus, menschlicher, weniger angsteinflößend, bezaubernder, fehlerhafter; und nackt oder zumindest im Morgenmantel, dem liebgewordenen, abgegriffenen, auch die Autoren in ihren Artikeln. Nicht in den weltbewegenden, vielzitierten, anthologisierten; es sind die Kleinode, Rohdiamanten, in denen der Mensch überlebt, und die uns heute noch anrühren, Arche Noah in unserer Zeit der beliebig verfügbaren, verlinkten Information - Orakel auf unserem Weg durchs 21. Jahrhundert.

Content

Mit folgenden Beiträge als Ausblicke ins 21. Jahrhundert: Adam - Christina von Braun Babel - Javier Marias Entdeckung & Erfindung - Erwin Chargaff Genuß Mathias - Greffrath Geschichte - Aleida & Jan Assmann Heiliger Stuhl - Luigi Malerba Hirn - Detlef Linke Kolonie - Tzvetan Todorov Krieg - Alexander Kluge Lied - Margriet de Moor Luxus - Hans Magnus Enzensberger Meisterwerk - Hans Belting Naturrecht - Jutta Limbach Nichts - Lars Gustafsson Ökonomie - Elmar Altvater Philosoph - Henning Ritter Physik - Anton Zeilinger Roman - Michel Tournier Seele - Michael Krüger Tier - Anita Albus Vaterland - Daniel Cohn-Bendit Walfang - Ivetta Gerasimchuk Wissenschaft - Jean Dhombres Zitat - Willi Winkler Kleine Geschichte der Encyclopédie Robert Darnton