-
Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2007 18:56:23
22. 2.2007 19:22:13
- Source
- Emerging frameworks and methods: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4), Seattle, WA, July 21 - 25, 2002. Eds.: Fidel, R., H. Bruce, P. Ingwersen u. P. Vakkari
-
Diefenbach, P.: Gut gefiltert (2001)
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- Date
- 3. 5.1997 8:44:22
-
Hjoerland, B.: ¬The controversy over the concept of information : a rejoinder to Professor Bates (2009)
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- Content
- "This letter considers some main arguments in Professor Bates' article (2008), which is part of our former debate (Bates, 2005,2006; Hjoerland, 2007). Bates (2008) does not write much to restate or enlarge on her theoretical position but is mostly arguing about what she claims Hjorland (2007) ignored or misinterpreted in her two articles. Bates (2008, p. 842) wrote that my arguments did not reflect "a standard of coherence, consistency, and logic that is expected of an argument presented in a scientific journal." My argumentation below will refute this statement. This controversy is whether information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon (alone), as an objective phenomenon (alone), or as a combined objective and a subjective phenomenon ("having it both ways"). Bates (2006) defined "information" (sometimes, e.g., termed "information 1," p. 1042) as an objective phenomenon and "information 2" as a subjective phenomenon. However, sometimes the term "information" is also used as a synonym for "information 2," e.g., "the term information is understood to refer to one or both senses" (p. 1042). Thus, Professor Bates is not consistent in using the terminology that she herself introduces, and confusion in this controversy may be caused by Professor Bates' ambiguity in her use of the term "information." Bates (2006, p. 1033) defined information as an objective phenomenon by joining a definition by Edwin Parker: "Information is the pattern of organization of matter and energy." The argument in Hjoerland (2007) is, by contrast, that information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon all the way down: That neither the objective definition of information nor "having it both ways" is fruitful. This is expressed, for example, by joining Karpatschof's (2000) definition of information as a physical signal relative to a certain release mechanism, which implies that information is not something objective that can be understood independently of an observer or independently of other kinds of mechanism that are programmed to be sensitive to specific attributes of a signal: There are many differences in the world, and each of them is potentially informative in given situations. Regarding Parker's definition, "patterns of organization of matter and energy" are no more than that until they inform somebody about something. When they inform somebody about something, they may be considered information. The following quote is part of the argumentation in Bates (2008): "He contrasts my definition of information as 'observer-independent' with his position that information is 'situational' and adds a list of respected names on the situational side (Hjoerland, 2007, p. 1448). What this sentence, and much of the remainder of his argument, ignores is the fact that my approach accounts for both an observer-independent and a contextual, situational sense of information." Yes, it is correct that I mostly concentrated on refuting Bates' objective definition of information. It is as if Bates expects an overall appraisal of her work rather than providing a specific analysis of the points on which there are disagreements. I see Bates' "having it both ways": a symptom of inconsistence in argumentation.
Bates (2008, p. 843) further writes about her definition of information: "This is the objectivist foundation, the rock bottom minimum of the meaning of information; it informs both articles throughout." This is exactly the focus of my disagreement. If we take a word in a language, it is understood as both being a "pattern of organization of matter and energy" (e.g., a sound) and carrying meaning. But the relation between the physical sign and its meaning is considered an arbitrary relation in linguistics. Any physical material has the potential of carrying any meaning and to inform somebody. The physical stuff in itself is not information until it is used as a sign. An important issue in this debate is whether Bates' examples demonstrate the usefulness of her own position as opposed to mine. Her example about information seeking concerning navigation and how "the very layout of the ship and the design of the bridge promoted the smooth flow of information from the exterior of the ship to the crew and among the crewmembers" (Bates, 2006, pp. 1042-1043) does not justify Bates' definition of information as an objective phenomenon. The design is made for a purpose, and this purpose determines how information should be defined in this context. Bates' view on "curatorial sciences" (2006, p. 1043) is close to Hjorland's suggestions (2000) about "memory institutions," which is based on the subjective understanding of information. However, she does not relate to this proposal, and she does not argue how the objective understanding of information is related to this example. I therefore conclude that Bates' practical examples do not support her objective definition of information, nor do they support her "having it both ways." Finally, I exemplify the consequences of my understanding of information by showing how an archaeologist and a geologist might represent the same stone differently in information systems. Bates (2008, p. 843) writes about this example: "This position is completely consistent with mine." However, this "consistency" was not recognized by Bates until I published my objections and, therefore, this is an indication that my criticism was needed. I certainly share Professor Bates (2008) advice to read her original articles: They contain much important stuff. I just recommend that the reader ignore the parts that argue about information being an objective phenomenon."
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:13:27
-
dpa: Struktur des Denkorgans wird bald entschlüsselt sein (2000)
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- Date
- 17. 7.1996 9:33:22
22. 7.2000 19:05:41
-
Rechenberg, P.: Zum Informationsbegriff der Informationstheorie (2003)
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Favre-Bulle, B.: Information und Zusammenhang : Informationsfluß in Prozessen der Wahrnehmung, des Denkens und der Kommunikation (2001)
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- Content
- Absolute und relative Perspektiven: Die Sterne des Orion; Babylonische Informationsverwirrungen; Eine Navigationshilfe.- Information: Informationsparadigmen; Information in der Nachrichtentechnik; Signale, Daten, Information und Wissen; Information und Bedeutung.- Konnektionistische Modelle: Ein konnektionistisches Informationsmodell; Informationsfluß im Netzmodell.- Wissen: Definition von Wissen; Klassifizierung von Wissen; Wissensrepräsentation.- Wahrnehmung und Denken: Kognition; Paradigmen und Modelle; Wahrnehmung; Kognitive Systeme und Kontext; Denken.- Kontext: Was ist Kontext?; Eine Kontext-Metapher; Die Logik und HOLMES; Das Konzept ist(c, p).- Sprache: Die sprachliche Dimension; Struktur der Sprache; Sprache als Medium der Information; Sprache und Kontext 1: Air Traffic Control; Sprache und Kontext 2: Japanisch. - Enthält Abschnitte zu: Kommunikation; Medien; Medienwissenschaft; Kognitionswissenschaft; Informatik; Wirtschaft
- Date
- 22. 3.2008 14:53:43
-
Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006)
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- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:22:28
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Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
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- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
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Simonitsch, P.: Kontrolle ist besser - aber für wen? : In Genf wurde der Weltinformationsgipfel eröffnet - China gibt Widerstand gegen Pressefreiheit auf (2003)
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- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.289 vom 11.12.2003, S.22
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afp: Gehirn von Taxifahrern passt sich an : Größerer Hippocampus (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2000 19:05:18
-
Janich, P.: Informationsbegriffe im Spannungsfeld mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlicher und kulturwissenschaftlicher Disziplinen (2000)
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ap: Schlaganfall : Computer-Bild zeigt den Heilungsprozess im Gehirn (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2000 19:05:31
-
Nerlich, H.: Schlußveranstaltung des Kongresses 'Information und Öffentlichkeit' am 23. März 2000 in Leipzig : "Zukunft der Fachinformation" (2000)
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- 22. 6.2000 13:33:40
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kal: Hubert Markl zur Zukunft der Forschung (2000)
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- Date
- 17. 7.1996 9:33:22
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Evans, P.; Wurster, T.S.: Blown to bits : how the new economics of information transforms strategy (2000)
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-
Bocek, K.; Bhattacharjee, E.; Ockenfeld, M.; Genth, P.; Herget, J.; Neißer, H.; Nerlich, H.; Rittberger, M.; Schumacher, D.: "Fachinformation und Fachkommunikation in der Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft - Eckwerte für eine neue Fachinformationspolitik in der Bundesrepublik" vom September 1999 : Stellungnahme der DGI zu den Eckwerten des Arbeitskreises "Zukunft der Fachinformation" (2000)
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-
Logothetis, N.K.: ¬Das Sehen : ein Fenster zum Bewußtsein (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2000 19:02:07
-
Davenport, E.; Cronin, B.: Knowledge management : Semantic drift or conceptual shift? (2000)
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